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Specialization of an irreducible polynomial and monogeneous ring of integers

Let $P\in\mathbb{Q}[X_1,\ldots,X_n][T]$ be an irreducible polynomial, which is monic in $T$ of degree $d\geq 1$. For $x=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in \mathbb{Q}^n$, let $P_x=P(x_1,\ldots,x_n,T)$. It is well-...
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Was Jacobi the first to notice the ambiguity in the partial derivatives notation? And did anyone object to his fix?

In his 1841 article De determinantibus, Jacobi remarked that the notation $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$ for partial derivatives is ambiguous. He observed that when $z$ is a function of $x,y$ as well ...
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A conjecture about the submatrix of orthogonal matrix

Let $U$ be an $n\times n$ orthogonal matrix, i.e. $U\in\mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$. For any non-empty ordered sets $S_1,S_2\subset\{1,2,...,n\}$, define $U_{S_1S_2}$ to be an $|S_1|\times|S_2|$ submatrix ...
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Feasibility Criteria in Integer Linear Programming

Consider an integer linear programming problem: For $A\in M(m, n, \mathbb{Z})$ and $b\in \mathbb{Z}^m$ find $x=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)^T\in \mathbb{Z}^n_{\geqslant0}$ such that $Ax=b$. Sometimes one ...
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Bousfield localization of a left proper accessible model category

What is known about the Bousfield localization of a left proper accessible model category by a set of maps ? (I mean not combinatorial which is already known)
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Martingales and intersection of random walks

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph with $n$ vertices. Consider a pair of simple random walks $(X,Y)$ on the graph, each of length $L$ starting from a node $v \in V$. We denote a length-$L$ random walk $X$ as a ...
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Crystals and nilpotence

Fix a prime $p$ and a height $n \geq 1$, then there is a closed substack $\mathcal{M}^{\geq n}$ of the stack of $\mathbb{F}_p$-formal groups consisting of formal groups having height $\geq n$. A ...
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Exact sequence in example in Grothendieck's Tohoku paper resulting from the Cech-to-derived-functor spectral sequence

Grothendieck gives in his Tohoku paper in example 3.8.3 an example for that $\check{\mathrm{H}}^{2}(X,\mathcal{F}) \neq \mathrm{H}^{2}(X,\mathcal{F})$. In the beginning he states that there exisits ...
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Image of the Lang-Steinerg on disconnected centralizers of semisimple elements

Let $\newcommand{\dbF}{\mathbb F}\dbF_q$ be a finite field and let $G\subseteq\mathrm{GL}_N(\bar{\dbF}_q)$ be a connected reductive group defined over $\dbF_q$. Let $F$ be the associated Frobenius map,...
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Studying for primes $q_k \neq 2$ the sets $\{q_1!+q_k,…,q_{k-1}!+q_k\}$

For a prime $q_k \neq 2$ we can study the corresponding set $\{q_1!+q_k,...,q_{k-1}!+q_k\}$, where $q_1,...q_{k-1}$ are all primes strictly less than the prime $q_k$. Peter and Mathphile computed ...
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Old books you would like to have reprinted with high-quality typesetting

There are some questions on mathoverflow such as What out-of-print books would you like to see re-printed? Old books still used with answers that tell us things such as: Mathematicians prefer to ...
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Weighted inner product of independent random unit vectors

Let $u=(u_1,...,u_n)$ and $v=(v_1,...,v_n)$ be independent random unit vectors in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\lambda=(\lambda_1,...,\lambda_n)$ be a fixed unit vector in $\mathbb{R}^n$. What is the ...
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$0$-“norm” minimization with least-squares regularization

I have the following optimization problem in $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{K \times 1}$ $$\min_{\mathbf{x}>0} \quad \|\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x}\|_0 + \alpha \|\mathbf{B}\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{c}\|_2^2$$ ...
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An application of Itô's formula to an SDE on a Lie group

I'm trying to understand a calculation in this paper (equation (3.8)). With some details removed, the setup is as follows. Let $G$ be a Lie group, and $g(t)$ a curve in $G$ satisfying the SDE dg(t)...
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