Questions tagged [big-list]
Questions designed to generate a "big list" of certain results, examples, conjectures, etc. via many individual answers, each contributing one or a few instances. Such a question should typically be in Community Wiki mode (CW); after asking, please, flag for moderators attention requesting the question to be made CW.
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Categories that admit all finite products but not all finite coproducts
What are examples for categories that admit all finite products but not all finite coproducts?
(See also this question: Categories that admit all products but not all coproducts .)
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7
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Categories that admit all products but not all coproducts
What are examples for categories that admit all products but not all coproducts.
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Results with a flavor “every automorphism of automorphisms is inner”
It seems that there are a number of results which take more or less the following form: let $X$ be some (specific) kind of structure, let $Y$ be the group of automorphisms of $X$ or perhaps ring of ...
3
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1
answer
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Nonisomorphic central products on the same pair of groups?
A central product of two groups $G$ and $H$ is determined as follows. The groups $G$ and $H$ have respective central subgroups $A$ and $B$ which are isomorphic, let $\delta:A\rightarrow B$ be such ...
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1
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What mathematical problems can be attacked using DeepMind's recent mathematical breakthroughs?
I am a research mathematician at a university in the United States. My training is in pure mathematics (geometry). However, for the past couple of months, I have been supervising some computer science ...
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7
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Daunting papers/books and how to finally read them
Most people throughout their career encounter at least one paper that seems especially daunting to them.
I'm interested in real stories of how you successfully overcame that to extract the knowledge ...
7
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1
answer
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Which revolutions in topology and geometry can we expect in the next 20 years? [closed]
In my limited perspective on the history of mathematics, I can name at least two big revolutions in Topology and Geometry (broadly construed): the introduction of Schemes in Algebraic Geometry, and ...
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2
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What are applications of asymptotic freeness of random matrices?
In around 1990 Voiculescu showed asymptotic freeness of certain random matrices,
i.e., free independence when the matrix size goes to infinity.
Since then this link between free probability and random ...
78
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9
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Breakthroughs in mathematics in 2023
At the end of 2021, Johnny Cage asked about breakthroughs in 2021 in different mathematical disciplines. A similar question has been asked at the end of 2022, so it looks like Johnny Cage originated a ...
2
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0
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Most important results in 2023 [duplicate]
Last year I asked a question about the best results in the year 2022. This year I moved away from mathematics, but that does not eliminate my curiosity to know what great results were published, so ...
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1
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How did Ramanujan come up with the Ramanujan summation and is it possible to extend it to higher number sets
How did Ramanujan come up with the Ramanujan summation and is it possible to extend it to higher sets (Everything circled in red is what I'm interested in (+ the Cauchy integral to make it Dedekind ...
4
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0
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List of equivalent conditions for the invariant subalgebra to be polynomial
Let $k$ be a field, $P_n$ the polynomial algebra in $n$ indeterminates, and $G<\operatorname{GL}_n$ a finite group whose order is coprime to the characteristic of $k$, and that acts on $P_n$ by ...
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What sets are known to have cardinality equal to $\mathbb{N}$ or $\mathbb{R}$ but open as to which?
A long time ago a similar question was asked on math.stackexchange.
There are many sets which we know to be either finite or infinitely countable but do not know which cardinality specifically.
An ...
28
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1
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Useful ideas in category theory which violate the principle of equivalence
Or an alternate title: using evil for the greater good.
In category theory, the principle of equivalence says that statements about things should be invariant under the appropriate notion of thing-...
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0
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What is the nicest bijection $\textbf{R}^p \to \textbf{R}^q$ that you know?
It is well-known that bijection between $\textbf{R}^p$ and $\textbf{R}$ exist (e.g. here, though many other examples exist).
The problem with all these examples of bijections is that typically the ...
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2
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What notable theorems cannot be automatically proven without choice using Shoenfield absoluteness?
There have been a couple of recent questions, here and here, regarding the role of the axiom of choice in real-analytic results with applicability to general relativity. This lead me to look at some ...
24
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Revising the proof of CFSG
This is an oft-quoted excerpt from John Thompson's article "Finite Non-Solvable Groups":
“... the classification of finite simple groups is an exercise in taxonomy. This is
obvious to the ...
20
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6
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What are some nice uses of ultraproducts/ultrapowers?
Motivated by a recent post (Non-definability of graph 3-colorability in first-order logic), I was wondering: what are some nice arguments based on ultraproducts? I don't mind definability results, but ...
6
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0
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What can lattices tell us about lattices?
A general group-theoretic lattice is usually defined as something like
A discrete subgroup $\Gamma$ of a locally compact group $G$ is a lattice if the quotient $G/\Gamma$ carries a $G$-invariant ...
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0
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Results that hold for the complex numbers but not for algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero
When a result is stated for the field of complex numbers it can usually be extended to a result for an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. I would like to see a list of results that ...
22
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4
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Brute force open problems in graph theory
Usually, a graph theoretic problem asks whether some class of graphs $C$ possesses a quality $P$. For example, $C$ is the class of all graphs and $P$ is the reconstructability property in Kelly-Ulam ...
2
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0
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What are some of the big open problems in $4$-manifold theory?
I've recently been studying some Manifold Theory and got very interested in their topological as well as geometric properties. From my understanding of the current literature, most the big and ...
14
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2
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Famous papers published in annotated form?
I very much enjoyed reading through The Annotated Turing which goes through Turing's "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" in careful detail. I saw this ...
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1
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Big list: barycentric subdivision of simplicial sets
I'm preparing a seminar on the barycentric subdivision of simplicial sets and I'm looking for some examples of this construction appearing in the literature. Since it's a useful technique (at least in ...
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1
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Examples of cartesian-closed model categories
One of the main settings of my research are Cartesian-closed model categories. I would like to know as many interesting and/or important examples of such categories as possible. "Interesting"...
4
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0
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Relations between Whittaker functions/W algebras and Stokes data/resurgence
Skippable background: A Whittaker function is more or less a function on a flag manifold which is twisted-invariant for the action of a unipotent subgroup. E.g. consider functions $f$ on $\mathbf{P}^1$...
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3
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The probabilistic method outside of discrete mathematics
The probabilitic method is a genius idea in combinatorics, graph theory etc, where instead of constructing something by hand, you construct the thing randomly and show that there is a positive ...
21
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1
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Expected applications of condensed mathematics
As a student of algebraic geometry (in an advanced stage, but still far from an expert on anything), I am quite excited about learning some condensed mathematics. I have been told that the theory has ...
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1
answer
202
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What are the applications of spin geometry? [closed]
What are applications of spin geometry to physics? Does it have something to do with gravity?
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0
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177
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A zoo of derivations
Recall that given a $k$-algebra $A$, a derivation on $A$ is a $k$-linear morphism $d:A\to A$ such that $$d(ab)=d(a)b+ad(b).$$
The use of derivations is of paramount importance in mathematics. I think ...
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7
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Books containing new results
In Endless controversy about the correctness of significant papers, Denis Serre writes:
The research community is able to point out incorrect statements, at least among those which have some ...
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2
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Well known theorems that have not been proved
I believe that there are numerous challenging theorems in mathematics for which only a sketch of a proof exists. To meet the standards of rigor, a complete proof of these theorems has yet to be ...
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0
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Usefulness of total algebras and exotic generating series
In his first Algebra volume, Bourbaki [1] defines the structure of a “total algebra” i.e. the space of functions on a monoid $M$ (to a ring $k$) with the convolution product ( a function $f:\ M\to k$ ...
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2
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Statements in differential geometry independent from ZFC
It is well known that some problems in functional analysis and in general topology are independent from ZFC: to name a few, Kaplansky's conjecture, the existence of outer automorphisms of the Calkin ...
9
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1
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Popular mistakes in probability
$\DeclareMathOperator\Var{Var}\DeclareMathOperator\Bern{Bern}\DeclareMathOperator\Pois{Pois}$Question: What not-trivial mistakes do students often make when solving problems in probability theory, ...
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28
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Results from abstract algebra which look wrong (but are true)
There are many statements in abstract algebra, often asked by beginners, which are just too good to be true. For example, if $N$ is a normal subgroup of a group $G$, is $G/N$ isomorphic to a subgroup ...
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Examples of errors in computational combinatorics results
I would like to collect examples of errors in published numerical results in computational combinatorics: where a result (typically a counting of some objects, or an extremal quantity within some ...
35
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9
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Places where one can post open problems
(This must have been asked before and exist somewhere in Community Wiki, but I can't find it...)
Where can you post open (math) problems? And what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Example: This ...
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5
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What are some interesting applications/corollaries of Kleene's Recursion theorem?
Lately I became very interested in the theory of computability and a fundamental early result you learn is the Recursion Theorem also known as the Fixed point theorem. At first sight you can see it's ...
2
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1
answer
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Examples of new results found via exams [closed]
I suspect that there have been many instances throughout history where a new proof of an existing result has been discovered by a student while taking an exam. Does anyone have an example of this?
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2
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Ur-elemental surprises
For most of my (mathematical) life, I believed that there was really no essential difference between set theory without urelements and set theory with urelements. However, while that may be true in ...
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1
answer
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Named sets of permutations
I am looking into interesting subsets of permutations,
and there are several classes of permutations which are named.
For example, there are
Derangements,
Alternating,
Grassmann permutations (at most ...
8
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0
answers
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Landau's century-old problems: Anything comparable?
Landau's four problems
are now over a century old (1912), and each still unsolved.
This seems remarkable, even though he was not the originating author all four
(maybe only the 4th?). Still, he ...
32
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6
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Most important results in 2022
Undoubtedly one of the news that attracted the most attention this year was the result of Yitang Zhang on the Landau–Siegel zeros (see Consequences resulting from Yitang Zhang's latest claimed ...
11
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4
answers
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Compilation of strategies to show that some constant is irrational
I'm looking into expanding my knowledge in ways to show that some constant is irrational. I'm gonna give some examples of irrationality proofs, and I'm interested in learning what strategies you guys ...
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4
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Funding programs for mathematical research [closed]
In the USA, as far as I know, the main grants available to mathematicians are collected on the NSF or the AMS websites [please, correct me if this perception is inaccurate]. On the other hand, for ...
2
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1
answer
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Property of a commutative ring that is determined by the prime ideals of the ring
Robert Gilmer, in his paper "Commutative rings in which each prime ideal is principal", says:
Some well known theorems indicate that certain ideal-theoretic structure properties of a ...
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1
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Adjunctions in the real world
What concepts in the real world can be described by adjunctions?
For example, parents and children are adjoint to one another. Specifically, work in $ZFC$ plus a finite class of atoms $\mathscr{X}$ (...
8
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1
answer
351
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Formalisation of intuitive concepts in the language leading to mathematical progress
In his work, Albert Lautman thinks the genesis of some mathematical works as a dialectic that takes place between opposite notions, like between global and local. He argues that while those notions, ...
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2
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Definitions of determinant by unique features
A well-known definition of the determinant is:
The determinant is the only function of a vector space of dimension $n$ to its underlying field which is multilinear, alternating and normalized.
See e....