Questions tagged [ca.classical-analysis-and-odes]
Special functions, orthogonal polynomials, harmonic analysis, ordinary differential equations (ODE's), differential relations, calculus of variations, approximations, expansions, asymptotics.
2,158 questions
2
votes
2answers
63 views
Uniqueness of minimizers in a problem in the Calculus of Variations - Part II
Take any convex set $A\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ which contains a neighborhood of the origin and let $f_A$ be the associated Minkowski functional
$$
f_A(x) = \inf\{\lambda>0\mid x\in\lambda A\},
$$
which ...
0
votes
1answer
43 views
Product of independent random variables and tail deconvolution
Suppose $X, Y$ are two independent non-negative random variables. The conditions
(i) $\mathbb{P}(X > t) = \frac{C}{t^p} + o(t^{-p})$
(ii) $\mathbb{P}(Y > t) = o(t^{-q})$ for any $q > ...
2
votes
2answers
109 views
Example of convex functions fulfilling a (strange) lower bound
I am reading a preliminary version of a paper which focuses on some minimization problems connected to a class of integral functionals. Reading the assumptions of one of the theorems I cannot convince ...
1
vote
1answer
54 views
Uniqueness of minimizers in the Calculus of Variations
Let $f \colon \mathbb R^2 \to \mathbb R$ be the function defined by
$$
f(x,y):= (x^+)^2 + (y^+)^2
$$
where $a^+ = \max\{a,0\}$ for any real number $a$.
Given a Lipschitz regular domain $\Omega \...
2
votes
1answer
66 views
The regularity of ODE with Zygmund coefficients
A zygmund function $f\in\mathscr C^1$ is a continuous function satisfies $|f(x+h)+f(x-h)-2f(x)|\le C|h|$ for all $x,h\in\mathbb R^n$ in the domain.
According to Markus' paper A uniqueness theorem for ...
1
vote
0answers
44 views
How to prove a set of delay differential equations never converge (the delay is not constant)
Two functions $x(t)$ and $y(t)$ are coupled via:
$$\dot x(t) = a y(t)-b,y(t+x(t))=x(t)$$
where $a<0$, $b\neq 0$ is some constant.
I am mostly confused with the second equation. What is the ...
7
votes
2answers
803 views
Differentiating an integral that grows like log asymptotically
Suppose I have a continuous function $f(x)$ that is non-increasing and always stays between $0$ and $1$, and it is known that
$$ \int_0^t f(x) dx = \log t + o(\log t), \qquad t \to \infty.$$
...
-1
votes
0answers
45 views
Fractional differential equation and inverse Laplace transform
I am writing my bachelor thesis to prove that a certain linear fractional differential equation of order $(n,q)$ has $N$ linearly independent solutions, where $N$ is the smallest possible integer ...
1
vote
1answer
63 views
Interpolation of a trilinear functional
Let $f,g,h\in L^2([0,1]^2)$ and let $K:\mathbb{R}^3\to \mathbb{C}$ be some smooth kernel with support containing $[0,1]^3$. Denote by $\|f\|_2$ the $L^2([0,1]^2)$ norm of $f$, and same with $g,h.$ If ...
3
votes
1answer
187 views
A certain generalisation of the golden ratio
Consider a real number $a \ge 1$, and let $g(a)$ be the unique positive solution $x>0$ of $x^a - x^{a-1} - 1 = 0.$
We have $g(1) = 2$, $g(2) = {1+\sqrt{5}\over2}$ (the golden ratio), and $g$ is ...
8
votes
1answer
2k views
Is There an Induction-Free Proof of the 'Be The Leader' Lemma?
This lemma is used in the context of online convex optimisation. It is sometimes called the 'Be the Leader Lemma'.
Lemma:
Suppose $f_1,f_2,\ldots,f_N$ are real valued functions with the same ...
0
votes
1answer
60 views
Bringing a Heun equation into canonical form
It is a well known fact that any second order Fuchsian differential equation on the complex plane $$u''(x) + p(x)u'(x) + q(x)u(x)=0$$ with exactly $4$ regular singular points may be suitably ...
0
votes
0answers
46 views
+50
Critical growth and geodesic connectedness in Lorentz manifold
What is the deep ("heuristic") reason why the quadratic growth of $\beta$ is critical for the study of geodesic connectedness in standard static Lorentz spacetime $\mathcal M = \mathcal M_0 \times \...
0
votes
0answers
33 views
Anisotropic elliptic problems
Where can I find a reference on the following anisotropic problem?
$$(\bullet) \qquad \begin{align*} \nabla_x (A(x) \nabla_x u(x,y)) + \Delta_y(K(y) \ast u(x,y))\end{align*}=0, $$
where $(x,y) \in \...
3
votes
1answer
105 views
Lower estimate of the minimal eigenvalue of a Hamiltonian
Consider a linear operator $H\colon L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)\to L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)$ given by
$$H(\psi)(x):=-\Delta\psi(x)+V(x)\cdot \psi(x),$$
where $V\colon \mathbb{R}^3\to \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous (or ...
1
vote
1answer
57 views
Elliptic interface problem without conditions on the interface
Consider an open domain $U$ split in two non-overlapping subdomains: $U = U_1 \cup U_2$.
For a model case, consider a ball split in a smaller ball and an anulus.
Consider the following elliptic ...
6
votes
1answer
440 views
Famous but unavailable paper of Jan Boman
The following paper is well known, but hard to find:
J. Boman, $L^p$-estimates for very strongly elliptic systems, Report 29, Department of Mathematics, University of Stockholm, 1982.
In this paper ...
0
votes
0answers
28 views
Geodesic connectedness in static Lorentz manifold vs connectedness by trajectories with potential in Riemann manifold
What is the relationship between the study of geodesic connectedness in a standard static Lorentz manifold and the connectedness of two points by trajectories with potential (i.e. solutions to $x''(t) ...
0
votes
0answers
54 views
Prove that an iterative estimate implies Holder continuity
Let $u$, $w$ be nonnegative continuous functions such that $\frac{u}{w}$ is bounded on $B_{2^{-1}}$. Why the inequality
$$a_k \le \frac{u}{w} \le b_k \quad \text{ on $B_{2^{-k}}$} , \qquad b_k - a_k ...
12
votes
3answers
307 views
(Sharp) inequality for Beta function
I am trying to prove the following inequality concerning the Beta Function:
$$
\alpha x^\alpha B(\alpha, x\alpha) \geq 1 \quad \forall 0 < \alpha \leq 1, \ x > 0,
$$
where as usual $B(a,b) = \...
2
votes
1answer
85 views
Approximate sequence of numbers
Let $n \in \mathbb N$ and $k_n \in \left\{0,..,n \right\}$ then we define the numbers
$$x_{n,k_n} = \frac{k_n+n^2}{n^3+n^2}.$$
It is easy to see that these numbers satisfy
$$x_{n,0} = \frac{1}{n+1} ...
0
votes
0answers
41 views
Limiting a sequence of moment generating functions [migrated]
I was trying to solve the following problem:
Let $\{X_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of independent random variables with the probability mass function $P\{X_n = \pm1 \} = \frac{1}{2}$, $n \in \...
0
votes
1answer
64 views
Exterior cone condition for $\mathrm{supp}\, u$ and Lebesgue points of $u$
Let $u:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ be an $L^1$ function with compact support. Let $\bar x \in \partial \mathrm{supp}\, u$ and assume that $\mathrm{supp} \, u$ satisfies the exterior cone condition at ...
1
vote
1answer
125 views
How to recognize if a continuous vector field in the Euclidean space is a gradient
How to recognize, by "analytic" methods, if a $C^0$ vector field $v:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$ is the gradient of a function $h:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, given that the ...
1
vote
0answers
24 views
Fredholm integral equation of third kind
Let us consider the following integral equation
$$a(x)u(x) + \int\limits_0^2 {K(s,x)u(s)ds} = f(x)$$
Let f in $L^p(0,1)$ for some $p \in [1,\infty]$ and let $K \in L^q((0,2) \times (0,1))$. Assume ...
1
vote
0answers
56 views
On the convergence of an integral of Hardy's maximal function
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^N \to \mathbb{R}^N$ be an $L^1$ function.
Assume that
$$\mathcal M f(x,y) = \sup_{r< \bar r}\frac{1}{B_r(y)} \int_{B_r(y)} f(x,z)dz \to 0 $$ as $\bar r \to 0$ ...
1
vote
0answers
54 views
Time-varying perturbations of continuous-time hyperbolic orbits
My question is the following: Assume that the flow of an autonomous ODE $\dot{x} = f(x)$ ($f$ is $C^1$) has a periodic hyperbolic orbit $\varphi^t(x_0)$, $\varphi^{t+T}(x_0) = \varphi^t(x_0)$. Then ...
1
vote
0answers
61 views
Conditions for the embeddig of the space $L^\infty(I, W^{1,2}(U))$ into $L^\infty(I \times U)$
Let $I$ be a compact interval of $\mathbb{R}$ and $U$ be a bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^2$.
If $f \in L^\infty(I, W^{1,2}(U))$, what (non-trivial) condition ($L^p$-estimate on $f$ or decay-like ...
2
votes
1answer
94 views
The blow-up rate of a nonlinear oscillator
(Related to this Math.SE question.)
For $p>1$, let $u$ be a solution to $$\tag{1}\frac{d^2 u}{dt^2} + u = |u|^{p-1}u$$ that blows up at $T>0$, that is $$\lim_{t\nearrow T}u(t)=+\infty.$$
...
1
vote
0answers
41 views
symmetry of solutions
Consider the problem $$-u''+u= u^p \text{ on }\mathbb I; \quad u=0 \text{ on } \partial \mathbb I$$ where $\mathbb I $ is symmetric bounded interval. If $u$ is a least energy solution, then it is ...
0
votes
0answers
123 views
$L^1$-continuity estimate for ODE solutions in terms of $L^1$ distance of vector fields (only one of them being Lipschitz)
Consider the following ODE initial value problems
\begin{align*}
&\frac{d}{dt}\Phi(t,x) = \boldsymbol{F}(t,\Phi(t,x)), & t \in [0,T], \ \ x \in \mathbb{R}^N,\\
&\Phi(0,x) = x, & x \in ...
2
votes
1answer
130 views
Optimal control theory of PDEs
This is a somewhat openly phrased question because I am not quite sure what has been done in that direction.
Imagine one has two evolution equations
$$\partial_t u = p(x,\partial_x,f)u$$
$$\...
2
votes
1answer
130 views
Quantitative finite speed of propagation property for ODE (cone of dependence)
Consider the following ODE initial value problem
\begin{align*}
&\frac{d}{dt}\Phi(t,x) = \boldsymbol{F}(t,\Phi(t,x)), & t \in [0,T], \ \ x \in \mathbb{R}^N,\\
&\Phi(0,x) = x, & x \in \...
6
votes
1answer
179 views
Asymptotic Expansion of Bessel Function Integral
I have an integral:
$$I(y) = \int_0^\infty \frac{xJ_1(yx)^2}{\sinh(x)^2}\ dx $$
and would like to asymptotically expand it as a series in $1/y$. Does anyone know how to do this? By numerically ...
6
votes
1answer
336 views
Interesting behaviour of binomial coefficients
Let $\binom{n}{k}:=\frac{\Gamma(n+1)}{\Gamma(k+1)\Gamma(1-k+n)}$ be the generalized binomial coefficient then I noticed by playing around with Mathematica that the function $f:[0,n/2] \rightarrow \...
3
votes
1answer
216 views
Prescribing a gradient direction
Let $\Omega= \{(x,y) : \frac{1}{2} \leq x^2+y^2 \leq 1\}$ and $S = \{(x,y) : x^2+y^2 = 1\}$ the unit circle, and $X=w^{1.\infty}(\Omega;\mathbb{R})$ the space of Lipschitz valued functions. We denote ...
4
votes
1answer
103 views
Power series in functions other than monomials
I would like to understand how approximations by monomials and approximations by other kinds of functions are related which I illustrate with an example.
Consider the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$ let's say.
...
0
votes
1answer
100 views
Delay equations
In an effort to solve a delay partial differential equation
$$\partial_t f(t,x)= \Phi(x) f(t,x)+\Psi(x) f(t,x-\alpha),$$
with
$$f(0,x)=1,\hspace{0.3cm} f(t,0)=1$$
Where $\alpha$ is the delay ( a real ...
1
vote
0answers
59 views
Best constant for Hölder inequality in Lorentz spaces
It's well known (and proved by R. O'neil) that there is a version of Hölder's inequality for Lorentz spaces, namely
$$\|fg\|_{L^{p, q}} \lesssim_{p_1, p_2, q_1, q_2} \|f\|_{L^{p_1, q_1}}\|g\|_{L^{...
33
votes
2answers
2k views
When can a function be made positive by averaging?
Let $f: {\bf Z} \to {\bf R}$ be a finitely supported function on the integers ${\bf Z}$. I am interested in knowing when there exists a finitely supported non-negative function $g: {\bf Z} \to [0,+\...
-2
votes
2answers
112 views
What is the limit of this integral as $n$ approaches infinity for integer $k\geq 0$ and real $m\geq 1$? [closed]
$\int_{0}^{1}u^k\cot{\frac{\pi(1-u)}{m}}\sin{\frac{2\pi n(1-u)}{m}}\,du$
-5
votes
1answer
147 views
How do you prove the validity of this formula for $H(n)$? [closed]
I'm looking for a proof of the identity
$$\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{1}{k}=\frac{1}{2n}+\pi\int_{0}^{1} (1-u)\cot{\pi u}\left(1-\cos{2\pi n u}\right)\,du.$$
There is a generalization of this formula for $...
12
votes
5answers
2k views
Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?
Per the title, what are some of the oldest calculus, real analysis books out there with exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there.
Edit. Unsolved exercises ...
0
votes
0answers
47 views
Convex functions and infinite convex combinations
Let $f: D\rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a convex function on a convex subset in $\mathbb R^n$. Let $t_i>0$ with $\sum_{i=1}^\infty t_i=1$ and $x_\in D$ be such that the series $\sum_{i=1}^\infty t_i x_i ...
1
vote
1answer
96 views
Are bilinear sparse bounds for local operators trivial?
I'm thinking about a recent result by M. Lacey which says that a dyadic spherical maximal function satisfies a sparse bilinear bound. To be precise, define the unit scale dyadic spherical maximal ...
0
votes
0answers
23 views
Convergence of the asymptotic expansion solution of homogeneous linear ODE of order 2
Consider ODE $w''+pw'+qw=0$, $p$ and $q$ are functions of $z$. Denote $w_1$ and $w_2$ the ODE's two linear independent solutions. As $z\to0$, in which situation:
Do both $w_1$ and $w_2$'s ...
4
votes
2answers
181 views
Integral equality of 1st intrinsic volume of spheroid
Computations suggest that
$$\int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{\infty} \sqrt{x+y^2} \cdot e^{-\frac{1}{2}(\frac{x}{s}+s^2y^2)}dxdy=\frac{2}{s}+\frac{2s^2\arctan(\sqrt{s^3-1})}{\sqrt{s^3-1}}.$$
The question ...
5
votes
1answer
209 views
Finding an asymptotic solution for a first order ODE
Given strictly concave function $f(t)$ that satisfies $f'(t)>0$, $f'(t)=o(1)$ (i.e. $\lim\limits_{t\to\infty}f'(t)=0$) , and $f'(t)=\omega\left(t^{-1}\right)$ (i.e. $\lim\limits_{t\to\infty}tf'(t)=\...
3
votes
2answers
284 views
how to calculate the following integral related to Chebyshev polynomials
Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind $V_n(x)$ can be defined as
$$V_n(x)=\frac{\sin(n+1)\theta}{\sin\theta}, x=2\cos\theta$$
or through the recurrence relation
$$V_{n+1}=xV_n-V_{n-1}, V_0=1, V_1=...
-2
votes
3answers
172 views
A Specific Linear Homogeneous System of Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients
Is there an analytical solution satisfying these 3 equations with non-constant z?
$$\frac{dx}{dt}=-z\cdot\cos(\omega t)$$
$$\frac{dy}{dt}=z\cdot\sin(\omega t)$$
$$\frac{dz}{dt}=x\cdot\cos(\omega t) - ...
