Questions tagged [mg.metric-geometry]
Euclidean, hyperbolic, discrete, convex, coarse geometry, metric spaces, comparisons in Riemannian geometry, symmetric spaces.
4,406 questions
18
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Higher dimensional generalization of: Any quadrilateral tiles the plane?
Any (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral tiles the plane.
(MathWorld image.)
Q. What is the strongest known generalization of this statement to higher dimensions?
I.e., $\mathbb{R}^d$ ...
- 151k
18
votes
1
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911
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Is the ball reducible in some high dimension?
Let $K$ be a bounded symmetric ($-K=K$) open convex body in $\mathbb R^n$. The critical determinant $d(K)$ of $K$ is the least possible volume $|\operatorname{det}(a_1\dots a_n)|$
of the fundamental ...
- 61.9k
18
votes
1
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400
views
Finitely generated groups with Hölder-exotic space of ends?
The space of ends of a finitely generated group is always homeomorphic to 0, 1, 2 points, or a Cantor set, and in which of these 4 cases it falls is governed by Stallings' characterization (wikipedia ...
- 63.9k
18
votes
2
answers
1k
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An equivalence relation for norms
Let us say that two norms $\|\cdot\|_1$ and $\|\cdot\|_2$ on a real vector space $V$ are strongly equivalent if there exists a constant $\lambda \geq 1$ such that
$$
\frac{1}{\lambda} \left( \|x\|_1 +...
- 13.5k
18
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1
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502
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Asymmetric metrics and cohomology
If $(X,d)$ is a metric space and $f : X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a Lipschitz function with Lipschitz constant $k < 1$, then the function
$$
D(x,y) := d(x,y) + f(y) - f(x)
$$
defines an asymmetric ...
- 13.5k
18
votes
1
answer
2k
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What can be said about the Shadow hull and the Sight hull?
This is a question implicitly raised by Is the sphere the only surface all of whose projections are circles? Or: Can we deduce a spherical Earth by observing that its shadows on the Moon are always ...
- 25.1k
18
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1
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599
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Lower-Hölder embeddings of the sphere
My question is very simple:
Given $d\ge 3$, does there exist $s\in (0,1)$ and an embedding $f:S^{d-1}\to \mathbb{R}^d$ such that
$$
|f(x)-f(y)| \ge |x-y|^s \quad\textrm{if } |x-y|<r,
$$
for ...
- 4,660
18
votes
0
answers
480
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Trapping lightrays with segment mirrors
Q. Is it possible to trap all the light from one point source by a finite collection of two-sided disjoint segment mirrors?
I posed this question in several forums before (e.g., here
and in an ...
- 151k
18
votes
0
answers
667
views
The lonely molecule
Suppose $n$ air molecules (infinitesimal points) are bouncing around in
a unit $d$-dimensional cube, with perfectly elastic wall collisions.
Let $k=n^{\frac{1}{d}}$.
For example, in 3D, $d=3$, with $n=...
- 151k
18
votes
0
answers
503
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Lipschitz constant of a homotopy
Let $n>0$, $\mathbb S^n$ be $n$-sphere and $1\in \mathbb S^n$ be its north pole.
A am looking for an example of compact manifold $M$ with a continuous $n$-parameter family of maps $h_x\colon M\to ...
- 45k
17
votes
3
answers
2k
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Decidability of tiling R^2
Does there exist a closed curve, with finite area and finite circumference, of which it is undecidable (in an axiomatic system where it is constructable) whether it can tile the plane?
I know the ...
- 453
17
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Metrics for lines in $\mathbb{R}^3$?
I seek a metric $d(\cdot,\cdot)$ between pairs of (infinite) lines in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Let $s$ be the minimum distance between a pair of lines $L_1$ and $L_2$.
Ideally, I would like these properties:
...
- 151k
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10
answers
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College (Euclidean) geometry textbook recommendations
I will be teaching a mid-level undergraduate course in Euclidean geometry this fall. Has anyone taught such a course, who can recommend a good textbook?
My students will mostly be future high school ...
17
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2
answers
5k
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Square of the distance function on a Riemannian manifold
Let $(M^n,g)$ be a smooth Riemannian manifold. Consider the square of the distance function
$$dist^2\colon M\times M\to \mathbb{R}$$
given by $(x,y)\mapsto dist^2(x,y)$. It is easy to see that this ...
- 21.8k
17
votes
4
answers
2k
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Planar sets where any line through the center of mass divides the set into two regions of equal area.
This question is influenced by the following riddle:
You are given a rectangular set in the plane with a rectangular hole cut out (in any orientation). How do you cut the region into two sets of ...
- 7,197
17
votes
4
answers
823
views
Sweep-segment bot: Will this random walk sweep the plane?
This model is inspired by the random behavior of the
Roomba sweeping robot.
Let a unit segment $ab$ in the plane be placed
initially with $a=(0,0)$ and $b=(1,0)$.
The segment is first rotated a ...
- 151k
17
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Can I build infinitely many polytopes from only finitely many prescribed facets?
Given a finite set of convex $d$-dimensional polytopes $\mathcal P$, for some $d\ge 2$.
Question: Is it true that there are only finitely many different convex $(d+1)$-dimensional polytopes whose ...
- 13.6k
17
votes
4
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1k
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How did ancient greek geometers represent solids?
I've seen plenty of ancient diagrams representing plane figures.* But I'd like to know how ancient geometers, especially around the time of Euclid, might have represented solids. Did they use diagrams ...
- 173
17
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3
answers
4k
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Convex hull on a Riemannian manifold
Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian 2-manifold.
Define a subset $C$ of $M$ to be convex
if all shortest paths between any two points
$x,y \in C$ are completely contained within $C$.
For a finite set of ...
- 151k
17
votes
3
answers
972
views
What is known about sufficient conditions for the rigidity of a convex surface?
A convex surface is a connected open subset of the boundary of a convex body in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
An "infinitesimal bending" of a convex surface $S$ is a deformation of $S$ given by a velocity field $v:...
- 437
17
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5
answers
883
views
Rigidity of convex polyhedrons in $\mathbb R^3$ with faces removed
Take a convex polyhedron $P$ in $\mathbb R^3$ and remove all the faces, i.e. leave only the edges. Call this graph $E$. Let us now try to continuously deform $E$ in $\mathbb R^3$ so that all the edges ...
- 14.3k
17
votes
3
answers
2k
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Axioms for constructive Euclidean geometry
In the summer I will be teaching a course in (plane) Euclidean geometry to future high school teachers and I am looking for a suitable axiom system (unlike College (Euclidean) geometry textbook ...
- 2,050
17
votes
3
answers
6k
views
When does the set of isometries form a group?
Motivation
Its a classic set up. Take a metric space $M$, with distance function $d:M\times M\to \mathbb{R}$. The set of isometries of $M$ is the set of functions $f: M \to M$ which preserve distance. ...
- 1,314
17
votes
3
answers
2k
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The minimum of a sum of absolute values of inner products in $\mathbb{R}^d$
Consider a collection of unit vectors $v_1, \ldots, v_n$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (we think of $n$ being much larger than $d$). I would like to minimize the sum:
$$\sum_{i\neq j}|\langle v_i,v_j\rangle|.$$
...
- 2,288
17
votes
1
answer
819
views
Is a facet always a maximal area section of a simplex?
Let $T\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a fixed simplex, $H\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a variable affine hyperplane. Is it true that the maximal area (i.e. the $(n-1)$-dimensional volume) of $T\cap H$ is attained ...
- 109k
17
votes
4
answers
772
views
Partitions of $\mathbb{R}^d$ by implicit polynomial equations
Given a polynomial
$p(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_d)$
in $d$ variables, with maximum degree $k$,
what is the maximum number of
components of $\mathbb{R}^d$ minus $p(\ldots)=0$?
In other words, into how many ...
- 151k
17
votes
2
answers
1k
views
What kind of probability distribution maximizes the average distance between two points?
If $f$ is a probability distribution on the unit disk in $\mathbb{R}^2$, and $X_1$ and $X_2$ are two independent samples from $f$, then what is the distribution $f^*$ that maximizes the average ...
- 173
17
votes
1
answer
2k
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How to efficiently vacuum the house
Let $P$ be a polygon (perhaps with no acute angles inside) and let $L$ be a line segment. The segment may move through the area inside $P$ in straight lines, orthogonal to $L$, or it may pivot on any ...
17
votes
3
answers
2k
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Optimal 8-vertex isoperimetric polyhedron?
I know from Marcel Berger's
Geometry Revealed:
A Jacob's Ladder to Modern Higher Geometry
(p.531)
that it is not yet established which polyhedron in $\mathbb{R}^3$ on 8 vertices achieves the optimal ...
- 151k
17
votes
2
answers
781
views
Are there locally jammed arrangements of spheres of zero density?
I know of a remarkable result from a paper of
Matthew Kahle (PDF download), that there are arbitrarily low-density
jammed packings of congruent disks in $\mathbb{R}^2$:
In 1964 Böröczky used
a ...
- 151k
17
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Efficiently determine if convex hull contains the unit ball
Given a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, is there an algorithm to determine if the convex hull contains the unit ball centered at the origin in polynomial time (in both $n$ and $d$)? The convex ...
- 3,377
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1
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1k
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Totally rational polytopes
Define a convex polytope in $\mathbb{R}^d$ as
totally rational (my terminology)
if its vertex coordinates are rational, its edge lengths
are rational, its two-dimensional face areas are rational, etc.,...
- 151k
17
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Essentially one random metric on $\mathbb{S}^2$?
I heard it claimed that there is, in some sense, only
one random metric on $\mathbb{S}^2$.
I would appreciate any pointer to literature that explicates
this intriguing claim.
So far my own searches ...
- 151k
17
votes
1
answer
703
views
Is there a bounded sequence of points in the plane with pairwise distances at least $1/\sqrt{|i-j|}$?
Previously I have mentioned the following problem in an addition to the list of Contest problems with connections to deeper mathematics.
Is there an infinite bounded sequence $(P_n) \subset \mathbb{...
- 13.8k
17
votes
2
answers
892
views
Maximum thickness of three linked Euclidean solid tori
Consider three circles of radius $1$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, linked with each other in the same arrangement as three fibers of the Hopf fibration. Now thicken the circles up into non-overlapping standard ...
- 1,916
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votes
2
answers
1k
views
Why are the medians of a triangle concurrent? In absolute geometry
This fact holds true in absolute geometry, and I would like to see an elementary synthetic proof not using the classification of absolute planes (Euclidean and hyperbolic planes) and specific models. ...
- 109k
17
votes
1
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526
views
Is $\partial X$ a sphere for $X$ a complete CAT$(0)$ space?
Let $X$ be a complete CAT$(0)$ metric space, and $\partial X$ its boundary.
One way to define $\partial X$ is as the equivalence class of geodesic rays
$\gamma(t), \gamma'(t)$
that remain within a ...
- 151k
17
votes
1
answer
822
views
Is the perimeter of an ellipse with integer axes irrational?
Let $Q$ be an ellipse with integer-length axes $a$ and $b$:
$$ \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 \;.$$
The perimeter of $Q$ is given by the complete elliptic integral of the 2nd kind, $E(\;)$:
$4 ...
- 151k
17
votes
2
answers
406
views
Random rings linked into one component?
Let $S$ be a sphere of unit radius.
Let $C_n$ be a collection of unit-radius circles/rings whose centers
are (uniformly distributed)
random points in $S$, and which are oriented (tilted) randomly (...
- 151k
17
votes
1
answer
536
views
Does the boundary of a convex body contain a regular planar pentagon?
How to prove or disprove that the boundary of any convex body in $\mathbb{R}^3$ includes 5 points which form a regular planar pentagon? The following consideration suggests the answer "yes": if we ...
- 3,486
17
votes
1
answer
458
views
The sparsest planar net that captures every unit segment
Let $\cal C = \lbrace C_i \rbrace$ be a collection
of rectifiable curves in the plane with the property that
every unit-length segment meets at least one curve
in at least one point.
Call such a ...
- 151k
17
votes
2
answers
982
views
Placing points on a sphere so that no 3 lie close to the same plane
Motivation
I am working with arbitrary parallelopiped tilings given by projection from a higher dimensional space. The collection of tiles, and some properties of the higher dimensional space are ...
- 1,314
17
votes
2
answers
1k
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A probability distribution in n dimensional space which its projection on any line is a uniform distribution?
Does there exist, for any natural $n$, a probability distribution in $\mathbb{R}^n$ whose projection on any line is a uniform distribution?
- 761
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votes
3
answers
1k
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Prescribing areas of parallelograms (or 2x2 principal minors)
Let $(a_{ij})$ be a $n\times n$ symmetric matrix such that $a_{ij}\geq 0$ for all $i,j$ and $a_{ii}=0$ for all $i$. Under which conditions on the $a_{ij}$'s can one find $n$ vectors $v_1,\ldots,v_n\in{...
- 173
17
votes
2
answers
950
views
Isoperimetric-like inequality for non-connected sets
The classical isoperimetric inequality can be stated as follows: if $A$ and $B$ are sets in the plane with the same area, and if $B$ is a disk, then the perimeter of $A$ is larger than the perimeter ...
- 4,653
17
votes
1
answer
363
views
Hopping geodesics
Is there a complete metric space $X$ with the following property?
For any pair of points $p,q\in X$ there is unique minimizing geodesic $[pq]_X$ that connects $p$ to $q$, but the map $(p,q)\mapsto [...
- 45k
17
votes
1
answer
740
views
Are all Dehn invariants achievable?
The Dehn invariant of a polyhedron is a vector in $\mathbb{R}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}\mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z}$ defined as the sum over the edges of the polyhedron of the terms $\sum\ell_i\otimes\theta_i$ ...
- 18.6k
17
votes
1
answer
1k
views
When is the Gromov--Hausdorff limit of a sequence of manifolds itself a manifold?
Suppose a metric space $X$ is the Gromov--Hausdorff limit of a sequence of Riemannian three-manifolds $M_i$ with Ricci curvature bounded from below and not collapsed. Is $X$ a manifold? What ...
- 201