Questions tagged [plane-geometry]
Plane Geometry is about flat shapes like lines, circles and triangles , shapes that can be drawn on a piece of paper
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Recovering a set from its projections in varying coordinate systems - a projection hull?
Let me describe the simplest non-trivial case of what I have in mind. Let $V$ be a 2-dimensional $\mathbb{R}$-vector space and fix an isomorphism $V \cong \mathbb{R}^2$, where $\mathbb{R}^2$ is ...
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Is every weakly $1$-dimensional space embeddable in the plane?
A $1$-dimensional (separable metric) space $X$ is weakly $1$-dimensional if $$\Lambda(X)=\{x\in X:X\text{ is 1-dimensional at }x\}$$
is zero-dimensional (i.e. the space $\Lambda(X)$ has a basis of ...
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A special configuration of Nine Circles Theorem and Eight Circle Theorem
The result as follows from special configuration of merge Nine Circle Theorem and Eight Circle theorem but it is new:
Problem: Let three circle $(A)$, $(B)$, $(C)$ , let $A_c$ be arbitrary point in ...
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Tiling the plane with pair-wise non-congruent and mutually similar triangles
Question: Is it possible to tile the plane with triangles that are (1) mutually similar, (2) pairwise non-congruent and (3)non-right? No other constraints.
Note 1: Reg requirement 3 above: since any ...
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On partitioning convex planar regions into congruent pieces - 2
We add a bit to A claim on partitioning a convex planar region into congruent pieces .
Definition: A perfect congruent partition of a planar region $C$ is a partition of it into some finite number $n$ ...
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Is there an L-system for aperiodic tilings of the plane with the "hat" monotile?
Most aperiodic tilings of the plane, except possibly for spiral tilings like the Voderberg tiling, exhibit a fractal pattern of self-similarity. This is no exception for the recently discovered "...
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On the aperiodic monotile
One of the more mind-boggling aspects of the Penrose tiles is that there are uncountably many distinct tilings of the plane, but every tiling contains every finite region that appears in another ...
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Concurrencies determined by intersections of angle trisectors (and isogonal lines) in a triangle
The famous Morley’s theorem, states that in a triangle the interior angle trisectors, proximal to sides respectively, meet at the vertices of an equilateral. However the six trisectors meet at 12 ...
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Aperiodic monotile without reflections?
The recently discovered amazing aperiodic monotile (or "einstein") of David Smith, Joseph Samuel Myers, Craig S. Kaplan, and Chaim Goodman-Strauss tiles the plane only if reflections of the ...
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How can one construct a four-coloring of a tiling of the plane with Smith, Myers, Kaplan, and Goodman-Strauss's aperiodic monotile?
This is motivated by the new paper of Smith, Myers, Kaplan, and Goodman-Strauss, wherein they define the existence of an aperiodic monotile. Clearly their tiling is not three-colorable, so we have ...
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Is Morley’s observation complete?
Morley’s observation states that in a triangle the intersections of trisectors proximal to a (triangle) side lie six by six on three triples of parallel lines that make angles of 60° with each other. ...
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Reconstructing an ellipse from an arc, synthetically
Given only an arc of a circle, we can easily reconstruct it fully without any use of analytic geometry - indeed using only compass and straightedge. Note that by "given only an arc", we mean ...
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Interpolating between disks in the plane
Below, a "disk" means a compact subspace $D \subset \mathbb R^2$ whose boundary is a smooth simple closed curve.
Task: Find a procedure which takes as input a pairs
of disks
$
D_0 \subseteq ...
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On tiling the plane with non-congruent, equal area triangles with each edge having a unique length
Ref: Tiling with incommensurate triangles shows an approach for tiling with incommensurate triangles - all sides and all angles unique and also with different areas - with the perimeters of the tiles ...
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Show that a region in a plane defined by a polynomial contains integer points
Let $F \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ be a polynomial of degree $2n$ such that the homogeneous degree $2n$ part of $F$, say $F_{2n}$, is positive semi-definite. How does one show that for some $\delta_n > 0$ ...
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The closest ellipse to a given triangle
Definition: The Hausdorff distance between two point sets is the greatest of all the distances from a point in one set to the closest point in the other set.
Question: Given a general triangle T, to ...
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On 'axiality' of planar convex regions
Axiality has been studied under a definition given here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiality_(geometry)
Consider an alternative definition of axiality as follows: For a convex region C, consider a ...
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Do cut-length-minimizing equidissections exist?
Suppose $A,B$ are polygons of equal area. By the Wallace-Bolyai-Gerwien theorem, $A$ and $B$ are equidissectable: we can make finitely many straight-line cuts in $A$ and rearrange the resulting pieces ...
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Is "Escherian metamorphosis" always possible?
$\DeclareMathOperator\int{int}\DeclareMathOperator\diam{diam}\DeclareMathOperator\area{area}\DeclareMathOperator\cl{cl}\DeclareMathOperator\ran{ran}\DeclareMathOperator\dom{dom}$This is a tweaked ...
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Minimize total area bounded by $N$ lines in general position
Suppose we have $N$ lines in general position (any two lines, but no three lines, meet at a point) ($N\geq 3$). Let the smallest bounded region have area $1$. Determine the minimum (or possibly ...
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Ellipse of least perimeter that contains a given triangle
This post is related to Smallest 3-ellipses that contain triangles and tries to clarify a basic issue.
Question: Given a general triangle T, How does one find and characterize the ellipse of least ...
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How many equilaterals have vertices intersections of angle trisectors of a triangle?
The celebrated Morley’s theorem ensures that the interior trisectors, proximal to sides respectively, meet at vertices of an equilateral.
In the paper Trisectors like Bisectors with Equilaterals ...
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Generalization of the Napoleon equilateral triangle to higher dimention
When I researched the Fermat-Dao-Nhi equilateral triangle in preamble before points X(33602) of the Kimberling triangle center. I discovered the general result for polygon as follows:
Let $A_1$, $A_2$...
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Convex polygon shadows: Shortest equivalent segments
Let $P$ be a convex polygon.
Q1. What is the shortest collection of line segments $S$ inside $P$
with the property that both $P$ and $S$ have the same sequence of orthogonal shadows
as $P$ and $S$ ...
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Kakeya crossed-needles problem
The Kakeya needle problem asks for the
minimum area planar region in which one can completely turn around a line segment through
a series of translations and rotations. There is no minimum: There are &...
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Triangles that can be cut into mutually congruent and non-convex polygons
It is easy to note that an equilateral triangle can be cut into 3 mutually congruent and non-convex polygons (replace the 3 lines meeting at centroid and separating out the 3 congruent quadrilaterals ...
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Formula for "cointersection" of three circles?
I am working on the problem of finding "rational" dodecahedrons, and I have run across an interesting subproblem: How do you tell if three circles have a common intersection point?
...
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All saddles in the unit ball have area $<2\pi$?
Let $M$ be the saddle surface in $\mathbb R^3$ defined by $x^2-y^2+z=0$. For any $r\geq 0$ and $(x_0,y_0,z_0)\in\mathbb R^3$, let $rM+(x_0,y_0,z_0)$ denotes the surface obtained by scaling $M$ by $r$ ...
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Concyclic point made from Six arbitrary points
Let $A_1A_2A_3A_4A_5$ be irregular convex Pentagon and Let $P$ be arbitrary point anywhere in Plane geometry.
Let $X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4,X_5$ be Circumcircle of $\triangle PA1A3$; $\triangle PA2A4$; $\...
user423633
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Which theorems have Pythagoras' Theorem as a special case?
Loomis famously wrote hundreds of proofs of Pythagoras' Theorem (reference below), but these are all basically proofs "from below". Today on Twitter @panlepan mentioned Carnot's theorem ...
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Fermat point amidst polygonal obstacles
Consider $k$ distinct points in 2D-plane with $n$ convex polygonal obstacles. Is there a poly-time algorithm (poly in $k$ and the total number of obstacle vertices) to find a point outside of all ...
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Writing the plane as {(x,y,z): x+y+z=0} [closed]
One can coordinatize the plane by choosing three axes at 120 degree angles and representing points by triples $(x,y,z)$ with $x+y+z=0$. Is there an accepted name for this kind of coordinate system? (...
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Number of orbits for abelian group actions
Suppose $G$ is an abelian group acting faithfully on two sets, $X$ and $Y$, of the same size. None of $G$, $X$ and $Y$ is finite.
Now suppose $G$ is the union of abelian groups $G_i$, where $i$ varies ...
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A generalization of the law of tangents
The law of tangents is a statement about the relationship between the tangents of two angles of a triangle and the lengths of the opposing sides.
Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be the lengths of the three ...
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A plane ray which limits onto itself
A ray is a continuous one-to-one image of the half-line $[0,\infty)$.
If $f:[0,\infty)\to \mathbb R ^2$ is continuous and one-to-one, then we say that the ray $X=f[0,\infty)$ limits onto itself if for ...
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How big can a triangle be, whose sides are the perpendiculars to the sides of a triangle from the vertices of its Morley triangle?
Given any triangle $\varDelta$, the perpendiculars from the vertices of its (primary) Morley triangle to their respective (nearest) side of $\varDelta$ intersect in a triangle $\varDelta'$, which is ...
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On convex planar regions that can be cut into only a specified number of mutually congruent and connected pieces
References:
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1838617/dividing-an-equilateral-triangle-into-n-equal-possibly-non-connected-parts
On congruent partitions of planar regions
https://research....
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Minimum bounding rectangle of symmetric convex bodies in the plane : is the ball the worst case
The minimal rectangle containing the euclidean ball in the plane is the standard cube $B_\infty = [-1;1]^2$. I would like to know if the euclidean ball is the worst symmetric convex body to be ...
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Trigonometry and plane geometry
This will be a variation on the theme of this question, or maybe a rephrasing of it with a somewhat readjusted emphasis.
In this posting I introduced the function
\begin{align}
& f_3(\theta_1,\...
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An open triangle problem in plane geometry
Some years ago, I asked some 'famous' people in an advanced Plane Geometry forum about the following:
Let $ABC$ be arbitrary triangle, how can one construct a point $P$ in the plane such that $P$ is ...
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Two triangles have the same centroid theorem
Let $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle A'B'C'$ be two triangles. The line through $A$ and perpendicular to $AA'$ meets the line through $B'$ and perpendicular to $BB'$ at $A_b$; The line through $A$ and ...
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Four incenters lie on a circle-Does this theorem have a name?
When I read the new paper 100 CHARACTERIZATIONS OF TANGENTIAL QUADRILATERALS-section 7, I remember that I posed some problem associated with tangential quadrilateral from 2014 in here and 2015 in here ...
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Are there infinitely many "generalized triangle vertices"?
Briefly, I'd like to know whether there are infinitely many "generalized triangle centers" which - like the orthocenter - are indistinguishable from a vertex of the original triangle. This ...
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Least area and least perimeter triangles that contain a convex planar region - how different can they be?
Is there a planar convex region whose enclosing triangles of least perimeter and least area have different areas and different perimeters? And if so, which region maximizes the difference between the ...
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What is the average component size of a coloring?
Supose each cell of a big (or infinite) grid is colored at random by one of $k$ colors. Then the connected monochromatic components (here components are not supposed to contain "wasp waists",...
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Maximizing the area of a region involving triangles
I thought of a question while making up an exercise sheet for high school students, and posted it on MathStackExchange but did not receive an answer (the original post is here), so I thought perhaps ...
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To extend the Steiner-Lehmus theorem
The Steiner Lehmus theorem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steiner%E2%80%93Lehmus_theorem) states: Every triangle with two angle bisectors of equal lengths is isosceles.
Question: What could one say ...
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Is a line associated with antipodal points (the fact, it is the generalization of Simson line) known?
First time, I found a line associated with antipodal points, detail:
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, $(C)$ is circumconic of $ABC$. $P$ and $P'$ are two antipodal points. Construct three lines through $P'$ ...
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Constant width curves and inscribed/ circumscribed ellipses
It is known (see for example the Wikipedia entry on the Reuleaux triangle) that for every curve of constant width (CCW), the largest inscribed circle and the smallest circumscribed circle are ...
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Lines passing through many points of the form $(c^n,c^m)$
For $c>1$ consider the subset $X\subset \mathbb R^2$ consisting of all points $(c^n,c^m)$ where $n,m\in \mathbb Z$.
Question. Suppose $L\subset \mathbb R^2$ is a line that is not horizontal, not ...
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