Questions tagged [fractional-calculus]
Questions regarding derivatives and integrals of non-integer order.
178 questions
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Well-posedness for linear transport equations with fractional diffusion term
I have a rather applied problem where I consider an equation of the form
$$ \partial_{t} u + V\cdot \nabla u = -(-\Delta)^s u, \quad (t,x) \in (0,\infty)\times \mathbf{R}^d, \quad u(0,x) = u_0. {}$$
...
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0
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52
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References on a variant of Geometric Calculus
Geometric algebra and (standard) calculus, when synthesized, give rise to geometric calculus, a very powerful formalism.
I have read a bit about fractional calculus and time-scale calculus, both very ...
user537376
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Generator of an analytic semigroup
Perhaps I have a naive question. My question is as follows:
When we consider a Cauchy proposition of the following form:
$$
\begin{cases}
x'(t)= -Ax(t)+ F(t,x(t)) &\text{for}\ t> 0 \\
x(0)=...
- 39
1
vote
0
answers
51
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Extension operator maps which fractional Sobolev space to $W^{p,s}(R)$
Let us assume we have the following extension operator:
$$
\operatorname{ext}_R^\sigma u=
\begin{cases}
u(x) & \text{if }x \in (0,T)\\
u(0) & \text{if }x \in(0,T)^c.
\end{cases}
$$ We ...
2
votes
0
answers
55
views
Fractional powers of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map to derive estimate for PDE
Assume $\Omega$ is an open, bounded subset of $\mathbb R^3$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega= \Gamma$. For $u \in
H^{1/2}(\Gamma)$, let $U \in H^1(\Omega)$ denote the weak solution of
the ...
- 93
1
vote
2
answers
259
views
Interpretation of the singular integral for the definition of fractional Laplacian in classical case $s=1$
Fractional Laplacian is often defined via next principal value integral (assume dimension one for the simplicity)
$$(-\Delta)^su(x):=c_sP.V.\int_\mathbb{R} \frac{u(x)-u(y)}{|x-y|^{1+2s}}\, dy.$$
This ...
2
votes
1
answer
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Prove if the fractional Laplacian of a function is bounded
Take $s\in (0, 1)$. I am trying to understand if $(-\Delta)^s (\log(1+x^2))$ is bounded, that is if there exists $R>0$ such that $|(-\Delta)^s (\log(1+x^2))|\le R$.
Here $(-\Delta)^s$ is the ...
- 123
0
votes
1
answer
142
views
Matrix-order derivatives (differentiating a function a matrix number of times)
I have been exploring methods of generalizing the order of derivatives to a broader range of inputs (such as real numbers, complex, and now matrices). We are very well familiar with integer-order ...
1
vote
1
answer
127
views
Given a radial symmetric function $f$, the estimate of |$\Delta ^ {m/2}f$| in $R^{2m}$ by induction
This question might be a little strange; my order of Laplacian is related to the dimension of the space.
Actually, I’m reading a result which is obtained by induction; it is the absolute value of ...
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votes
2
answers
162
views
$C^{k,\alpha}$ dependence of ODE solutions on initial data
I faced such a question. Consider the Cauchy problem for an ODE:
$$
\begin{cases}
y'=F(t,y)\\ y(0)=y_0.
\end{cases}
$$ Assume $F$ has the regularity $C^{k,\alpha}$ (i.e. it has partial derivatives of ...
1
vote
0
answers
70
views
A possible upper bound for a function that satisfies a singular integral inequality
I am currently working on an analysis problem in fractional calculus and after some work I have encountered the following inequality:
$$
|v(s)|~\leq \epsilon+\beta \int_{0}^{1}|s-x|^{\alpha-1}\left(
|...
2
votes
2
answers
277
views
Characterization of locality in Fourier multiplier
Obviously Laplacian $-\Delta$ is a local operator, and it can be written as a Fourier multiplier $|\xi|^2$. Similarly fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta)^s$ is with Fourier multiplier $|\xi|^{2s}$ and is ...
2
votes
2
answers
588
views
What is the relationship between Hölder spaces and differentiability?
I'm porting this question over from MSE as it did not get any responses other than one comment on there.
Let $C^{k,\alpha}$ be a Hölder space where $0 \leq \alpha \leq 1$. I have seen various sources ...
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Could the patterns in the roots of the Riemann-Liouville differintegral of $(s-1)\,L(s, \chi_{q,j})$ be explained?
This question aims to extend this question to (automorphic) Dirichlet L-functions.
Take: $$f(s,q,j) = (s-1)\,L(s, \chi_{q,j})$$
with $q$ the modulus and $j$ the index of a character $\chi$. A fast way ...
- 4,169
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votes
0
answers
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Is there a fractional derivative that preserves the composition of the one-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with $x\mapsto x^{\alpha}$?
Let $\alpha\in (0,1)$. The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order $\alpha$ is defined by
$$ \sideset{_0^R}{}{D^{\alpha}f(t)}
=\frac{1}{\Gamma{(1-\alpha)}}
\frac{d}{dt}\left(\int_{0}^{t}
\...
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votes
0
answers
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views
Could the patterns in the roots of the Riemann-Liouville differintegral for $(s-1)\,\zeta(s)$ be explained?
The well-known integral expression for the entire function:
$$(s-1)\,\zeta(s) = \frac{-i\,\pi}{2}\int_{1/2-i\infty}^{1/2+i\infty} \frac{\csc(\pi\,u)^2}{u^{s-1}} \, du \qquad s \in \mathbb{C} \tag{0}$$
...
- 4,169
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1
answer
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How to obtain the Lagrangian of the fractional classical mechanics
The Lagrangian of fractional classical mechanics $L_\alpha(\dot{q},q)$ is defined as
$$
L_\alpha(\dot{q}, q)=p\dot{q}-H_\alpha(p,q)
$$
where
$$
\begin{split}
p & =\frac{\partial L_\alpha(\dot{q}, ...
- 259
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votes
0
answers
44
views
Fractional Laplacian in higher order case
Let $n\geq 2$ and $\sigma \in (0,\frac{n}{2})$. Denote the critical Sobolev exponent $2_{\sigma}^*:=\frac{2n}{n-2\sigma}$, consider Sobolev space $E$ which is the space of real-valued functions $u\...
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Variation of the fractional derivatives
$\DeclareMathOperator\AC{AC}\DeclareMathOperator\Lip{Lip}$Suppose we have $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\cap \AC(\mathbb{R})\cap \Lip(\mathbb{R})$ and $f$ piecewise linear function, bounded and $|f|\leqslant \...
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2
votes
1
answer
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views
Can we interpret fractional Sobolev spaces in terms of fractional derivatives?
Let $1 \leq p < \infty$, $0<s<1$, and $\Omega \subseteq R^n$ be a domain. The Banach space $W^{s,p}(\Omega)$ is defined as
$$W^{s,p}(\Omega) := \left\{ f \in L^p(\Omega) \colon \int_{\Omega \...
- 5,327
2
votes
1
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If the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of $f$ is zero then $f=0$ a.e
I have to prove this:
Let $\alpha\in(0,1)$ and $f\in L^q(a,b)$, $1\leq q<\frac 1\alpha$, and $\mathcal{I}_{a+}^\alpha f=0$. Then $f(x)=0$ for almost all $x\in (a,b)$.
Where $(\mathcal{I}_{a+}^\...
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1
vote
0
answers
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views
Domain where the fractional Laplacian operator is a closed operator
Consider the fractional Laplacian defined by
$$(-\Delta)^s u(x) = P.V. \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{u(x) - u(y)}{|x - y|^{N + 2s}}dy, \ s \in (0,1).$$
Also consider that
$$D((-\Delta)^s) = \{u \in H^s(\...
- 111
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votes
0
answers
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views
A mapping property for fractional Laplace--Beltrami operator
Suppose that $g$ is a smooth Riemannian metric on $\mathbb R^3$ that is equal to the Euclidean metric outside the unit ball. Let us define the fractional Laplace--Beltarmi operator on $\mathbb R^3$ of ...
- 4,135
3
votes
1
answer
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views
On the Fractional Laplace-Beltrami operator
I would appreciate it if a reference could be given for the following claim.
Let $g$ be a Riemannian metric on $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq 2$ that is equal to the Euclidean metric outside some compact set. ...
- 4,135
6
votes
1
answer
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views
Fractional integrals and $\sum f(n) n^x$
Preamble
The following is a rather unrigorous way to obtain the Euler-Maclaurin formula. Consider some $\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(n)$. We may rewrite this as
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(n)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \sum_{...
- 1,730
1
vote
1
answer
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views
Question on possibility of uniquely defining the FRFT via certain properties
I was working around with the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) when the mathematics undergrad found out, by brute-force computations, that the derivative of the FRFT with respect to the parameter ...
- 286
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0
answers
140
views
Given $a>0$, find $b>0$ for which $\|\langle x\rangle^{-b}|\partial_x|^{1/2}f\|_{L^2}\lesssim\|\partial_x f\|_{L^2}+\|\langle x\rangle^{-a}f\|_{L^2}$
I have asked the same question on MathSE. I was thinking about the following problem.
Problem. Given $\alpha>0$, find all values of $\beta\geq 0$ such that the following estimate is true for all $\...
- 1,075
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0
answers
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views
A question of interpolation space on homogeneous Carnot group
Let $\mathbb{G}$ be the homogeneous Carnot group on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ defined as follows:
A homogeneous Lie group $\mathbb{G}=(\mathbb{R}^{n},\circ)$ is called a homogeneous Carnot group (or a ...
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3
votes
1
answer
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views
Endpoint Calderon-Zygmund inequality of nonlocal fractional laplacian
For $s\in(0,1],$ consider the following non-local fractional laplacian:
$$(-\Delta)^sv= f ~~\text{on } \mathbb{R}^n.$$
Then how to use "the standard elliptic estimate" to obtain:
for $p\in[...
- 705
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vote
0
answers
47
views
Functional inequality for fractional Laplacian
Let $f$ be a nonnegative function on the $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^d$, which you can take to be smooth. Let $\bar{f}:=\int_{\mathbb{T}^d}fdx$. I am interested in whether the following ...
- 873
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vote
0
answers
57
views
Precise decay of solution fo fractional Schroedinger equations
Let us consider the time-independent fractional Schroedinger equation $$(-\Delta)^s u + u = \vert u \vert^{p-1}u$$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$, where $0<s<1$, $N>2s$ and $1<p<\frac{N+2s}{N-2s}$.
...
- 459
6
votes
0
answers
271
views
Existence of a limit of alpha-difference quotient for Hölder functions
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}^d,d\geq 1,$ be an Hölder function with exponent $\alpha\in (0,1)$, meaning that
\begin{equation}
\sup_{x, y \in \mathbb R, \,x\neq y}\frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{|x-y|^\alpha}<...
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votes
0
answers
78
views
Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequality for fractional relativistic Laplacian operator?
In [1], authors note that by the seminal approach of M. Weinstein in [2] and [3], there is a non-trivial solution $Q\in H^s(\mathbb{R})$ which optimizes next Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequality:
$$\...
5
votes
3
answers
343
views
Evaluating the series $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n! x^n$ and inverse variable-fractional-derivatives
So I was interested in formally assigning values to the completely divergent series $G(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n!x^n $. I guess the question COULD end here if you already have an idea of how to ...
- 2,689
6
votes
2
answers
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views
Morse index in PDEs
I have encountered with the term "Morse index" multiple times while reading papers in PDEs (e.g. [1] and [2]). However the definition differs for each context. As far as I know this came ...
5
votes
0
answers
186
views
Convergence of the best constant in the $s$-fractional $L^p$ Sobolev inequality
It is known that the fractional $L^p$ Sobolev inequality
$$
\|f\|_{L^{p^*_s}(\mathbb R^n)}^p \leq \sigma_{n,p,s} (1-s) \int_{\mathbb R^n}\int_{\mathbb R^n} \frac{|f(x)-f(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{n+sp}} dx dy
$$
...
4
votes
1
answer
147
views
prove spectral equivalence bounds for inverse fractional power of matrices
The question is an extention to the answered question prove spectral equivalence bounds for fractional power of matrices.
Let $A, D \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ be two symmetric,positive definite and ...
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3
votes
1
answer
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views
prove spectral equivalence bounds for fractional power of matrices
Let $A, D \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ be two symmetric,positive definite and tri-diagonal matrices for that we know that they are spectrally equivalent, thus ist holds
$$ c^- x^\top D x \le x^\top A ...
- 75
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votes
1
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views
Is integration by parts allowed for the $J^s$ derivative, where $s \in \mathbb R$
I am having the following integral:
$$I = \int u\, J^s(\partial_x \overline{u})- \overline{u}\, J^s(\partial_x u))dxdy$$
where $J^S= (I-\Delta)^\frac{2}{2}$, $\mathbb{R} \ni s \geq 1$ and $u=u(x,y)$,
$...
- 159
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votes
0
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145
views
Difference between summation for "$\aleph$" terms and summation for "$\aleph_0$" terms
Addition: Could we say that the dimension of a space is "$\aleph_0$" or"$\aleph$"? I guess that every elementary functions can be uniquely expanded as integer order power series ...
1
vote
0
answers
152
views
Poisson Kernel and solution formula for fractional elliptic problem
$$
k (-\Delta)^s u + u = 0, \qquad x \in U, \\
u(x) = f(x), \qquad x \in \mathbb R^n \setminus U,
$$
with $f \in L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$, $k>0$, and $(-\Delta)^s$ is the singular integral ...
- 839
4
votes
1
answer
87
views
How to validate the exponentiality of fractional calculus?
Is it true
$$ \frac{1}{\Gamma(1-\nu)}\frac{1}{\Gamma(\nu)} \int_{0}^{x}(x-y)^{-\nu}dy\int_0^y (y-t)^{\nu-1}f(t)dt = \int_0^x f(u)du$$
for any continuous function $f(x)$ such that $f(0)=0$ and $0<\...
- 419
1
vote
1
answer
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views
Fourier transform of the fractional Poisson kernel
Recall that the extension of function from $u:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ can be defined using the Poisson Kernel as follows:
$$u^{\mathrm{e}}(\mathbf{x}):=\gamma_{n} \int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}} \frac{x_{n+...
- 537
2
votes
0
answers
47
views
Nonlocal perimeter of level sets
Let $u \in W^{s,1}(B)$ be given and $k < l$ be two numbers, then I am looking for a way to bound the following term from above. Here $B$ is the euclidean ball.
$$
\int_{B: u < k} \int_{B:u>l} ...
- 455
0
votes
0
answers
136
views
Fractional Laplacian of smooth cut off functions
Suppose we have a smooth compactly supported function $\phi\in C^{\infty}_c(B_\epsilon(0))$ such that $0\leq \phi \leq 1$, $\phi\equiv 1$ on the unit ball and $\phi$ vanishes outside $B_\epsilon(0).$
...
- 537
1
vote
0
answers
210
views
Questions about iterating the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula
Introduction
The Euler–Maclaurin summation formula is as follows for a positive integer $p$ and a continuous function $f(\cdot)$ that is $p$ times continuously differentiable on the interval $[m,n]$ : ...
- 4,829
1
vote
0
answers
144
views
Multivariable fractional calculus
I recently started to learn about nonlocal PDEs. Sorry if I am missing something really standard in this field.
I know Riesz derivative is defined through Fourier transform:
$$\mathcal{F}(\partial^\...
0
votes
0
answers
60
views
How to prove this estimate involving the Stein Derivative?
Recall the Stein Derivative,
$$\mathcal{D}^{s} f(x)=\left(\int \frac{|f(x)-f(y)|^{2}}{|x-y|^{n+2 s}} d y\right)^{1 / 2}.$$
I want to show that,
$$\left\|\mathcal{D}^{s}(f g)\right\|_{2} \leq\left\|f \...
- 537
0
votes
0
answers
70
views
Normal vector to a level set and fractional Laplacian
Let $U=\{u\le0\}$ and $\partial U=\{u=0\}$. Suppose $\nabla u$ does not vanish on $\partial U$. Then the (canonical extension of the) normal vector field to $\partial U$ (pointing to the interior of $\...
- 99
1
vote
1
answer
355
views
Why should we model infectious diseases with fractional differential equations?
With COVID19 becoming a pandemic I saw some researchers trying to model it with fractional differential equations (FDE) instead of ordinary differential equations (ODE). From a technical standpoint I ...
