Questions tagged [laplacian]
The Laplacian matrix is the representation of a graph in matrix form.
283 questions
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Eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on $\Bbb R^d$ in Fourier space
Let $\Delta$ be the Laplacian on $\mathbb R^d$. There are no eigenfunctions of the Laplacian in $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$, but $e^{ik\cdot x}$ is an eigenfunction since
$$
\Delta e^{ik\cdot x} = -|k|^2 e^{-...
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Regularity of the eigenfunctions associated to perturbed laplacian on a compact manifold
Let $M$ be a closed manifold, I consider first order laplacian perturbation associated to a density $\rho \in \mathcal{C}^\infty(M)$ with $\rho > 0$ of the form :
$$
\Delta_{\rho} f = \Delta f + \...
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Embedding of domain of fractional power of Laplacian into Sobolev space for cylindrical domains
On a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^d, d\geq 2$ with smooth boundary, it is well known that for the Dirichlet Laplacian $\Delta_D$, $D((-\Delta_D)^\frac12) = H^1_0(\Omega)$.
I'm interested ...
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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the path Laplacian
Consider the Laplacian matrix of the path graph:
$$
L = \begin{bmatrix}
1 & -1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0\\
-1 & 2 & -1 & \cdots & 0 & 0\\
0 & -1 & 2 & \...
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Euler-Lagrange equation of fractional Laplacian
The following result is in "An extension problem related to the fractional Laplacian" Section 3.2 by Caffarelli-Silvestre. I’m confused how to show it and wish to have some help.
Suppose $u:\...
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Multiplicity of the smallest non-zero Laplacian eigenvalue for tree graphs
How accurate is the following statement: "For tree graphs, the multiplicity of the smallest non-zero eigenvalue $\lambda_2$ of the Laplacian is 1." If not valid, in which cases does it fail ...
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When do the nonzero eigenvalues of a directed graph Laplacian have the same absolute value?
Question: Let $G$ be a strongly connected directed graph on $n$ vertices with Laplacian $L(G)$. Then $L(G)$ has one zero eigenvalue $\lambda_1=0$ and $n-1$ nonzero eigenvalues $\lambda_2,\ldots,\...
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Is the principal eigenvalue of the clamped plate minimized by the equilateral triangle among all triangles of a given area?
Let $\Omega$ be a ``nice'' domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$
(bounded and with piecewise smooth boundary). Consider the clamped plate eigenvalue problem, given by
$$\Delta^2 u = \lambda u $$
$$ u|_{\partial \...
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Green's function of the conformal Laplacian
I am reading T. Parker, S. Rosenberg, "Invariants of conformal Laplacians", J. Differential Geom. 25(2): 199-222 (1987). I would like to understand how Green function changes if the metric ...
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Graceful labeling of the complete bipartite graph and its laplacian quadratic form diagonalized
A graceful labeling of a connected simple undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ is a map $f:V\to\lbrace 1,...,|E|+1\rbrace$ such that for all $t\in\lbrace 1,...,|E|\rbrace$ there is a (trivially unique) $\langle ...
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Schauder estimate for $f \in L^\infty$
I was reading an article where at some point the author uses the following estimate:
Let $u$ be a solution of
$$\Delta u = f \quad \text{in } B_1$$
for $f \in L^\infty$. Then $u \in C^{1,1 - \...
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The contractivity of the time derivative of the heat semigroup in $L^p$ spaces
Let $M$ be a complete manifold. The heat semigroup $e^{-tL}$ is bounded on $L^p(M)$, for any $1 \leq p \leq \infty$;
see this for instance.
It seems that we can deduce the time derivative of the heat ...
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Second largest eigenvalue of graph
Let $G$ be a connected $d$-regular n-vertex graph and let $k:= k(n)\in \mathbb{N}.$ Given a Non-empty set of vertices $\phi\neq B\subseteq V(G),$ how can I prove that all but at most $\frac{\lambda_2|...
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Function of eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix
Let $G$ be a simple $n$-vertex graph and let $\mu_n\geq\mu_{n-1}\geq\dots\geq\mu_1$ be the eigenvalues of its Laplacian matrix, how can I find a function $$f(\mu_1,\mu_2,\dots\mu_n) \text{ such that } ...
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Quasimode construction on a compact Riemannian manifold
Let $M$ be a closed Riemannian manifold, $\Delta$ be the usual Laplace-Betrami operator on $M$ and $\gamma : [0, L] \to M$ be a stable elliptic periodic geodesic of length $L$. I have heard in several ...
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Bound on the magnitude of the entries of the Laplacian pseudo-inverse
Let $L$ be the laplacian matrix of a connected graph $G$ with real positive weights and $N$ vertices, or that can be assumed to have binary weights for simplicity.My goal is to bound $\Vert L^+\Vert_{\...
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Behaviour of higher order Laplacian in punctured domain
Bocher theorem characterize the behaviour of a positive harmonic function in punctured disc. More precisely if $\Omega$ is a domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $U$ is a non negative solution of $\Delta u=0$ ...
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Sobolev regularity via Laplace spectrum
Fix a positive integer $n$ and let $\mu$ be the uniform measure on the sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$, with respect to its usual Riemannian metric $g$. Let $\nabla$ be the Laplacian on $(\mathbb{S}^n,g)$ and ...
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Embeddings of the maximal domain for the Laplacian
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded smooth domain and $n \geq 2$. Consider the subspace of $L^2$-functions whose distributional Laplacian is also an $L^2$-function:
$$D = \left\{ f \in L^2(\...
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The existence of a positive Green function for the Laplacian on $\mathbb R$
One can show explicitly and easily that the function $G(x,y) = \frac 1 2 |x-y|$ is a positive Green function for the Laplacian $\frac {\mathrm d ^2} {\mathrm d x ^2}$ on $\mathbb R$ (endowed with the ...
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Max-cut from Laplacian
(This question seems like very standard material for those well-versed in the subject. I thought I would get a quick answer from Math stackexchange, but to no avail.)
Given a weighted graph with $n$ ...
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Dirichlet-to-Neumann map is analytic
Let $M^n$, $n \geq 2$, be a compact smooth manifold with boundary and let $I \ni t \mapsto g_t$ be an analytic (with respect to t) $1$-parameter family of Riemannian metrics on $M$. For each $t \in I$,...
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Dimension of Laplacian eigenspaces along a smooth 1-parameter family of metrics
Let $(M^n,g)$ be a closed Riemannian manifold, $n \geq 2$. For a smooth 1-parameter family $g_t$, $t \in (-\varepsilon, \varepsilon)$, of Riemannian metrics on $M$ with $g_0 = g$, let $\lambda_k(t)$, $...
- 2,095
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Spectral characterization of complete or complete bipartite graphs
The Lemma 6 in this paper mention the following spectral characterization of complete or complete bipartite graphs:
Let $G$ be a connected graph with $\ge 2$ vertices. Then $\lambda_2=...=\lambda_{n-...
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How to show that the trace of a regularized Laplacian defined on two sphere with radius $h\geq 1$ is diverging logarithmically?
Let $h,m\in[1,\infty)$. I would like to verify that the following sum diverges logarithmically
\begin{equation}
\sum_{d=0}^{\infty} \frac{2d+1}{2h^2(1+\frac{d(d+1)}{h^2})(1+\frac{d(d+1)}{h^2m ^2})^{2}}...
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Inequality concerning the imaginary parts of a recurrent sequence, Laplacian eigenvectors
Let $u=(u_1,\dots,x_n)\in\mathbb{C}^n$ be a sequence that satisfies the cyclic recurrence
$$
\lambda+1 =a_{i-1}\frac {u_{i-1}}{u_i} + (1-a_{i+1})\frac{ u_{i+1} }{u_i }
$$
with $a_i \in (0,1)$ and $\...
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Infimum of the normalized Laplacian eigenvalues
Let $(M^n,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold. The spectrum of the Laplacian operator $\Delta_g = -\operatorname{div} \nabla$ consists of an increasing and diverging sequence of positive eigenvalues:
...
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Gradient estimate of Dirichlet Heat kernel (Classical Laplacian)
Let $p^D(t,x,y)$ be the heat kernel for the Dirichlet Laplacian in an open set $D$. Do we have the following estimate and where can I find it ? $$\lvert\nabla_xp^D(t,x,y)\rvert\le C\dfrac{1}{\min (\...
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Reference request: inverse of differential operators
I have asked a similar question on MSE but I did not receive any replies, so I am reposting here in case it is more appropriate (though I have slightly generalized the question).
As an example ...
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Sub Laplacian on the quaternion Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$
The sublaplacian is defined by $\mathcal{L}=-\left(X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}+X_{2}^{2}+X_{3}^{2}\right)$, which is independent of the choice of the orthonormal basis of $\mathbb{H}$. It is well known that ...
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Leibniz rule for square root of Laplacian
Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold (e.g. $M=S^3$ the 3-sphere) and let $\Delta$ be the metric Laplacian on $M$. Then $\Delta$ has an $L^2(M)$ basis of eigenfunctions $\pi_m$, $$ \Delta \pi_m ...
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Maximizing the first Neumann eigenvalue on disks
Let $D^2$ be a smooth disk and for any Riemannian metric in $D$, let $\mu_1(g)$ be the first positive Neumann eigenvalue of the Laplacian on $(D, g)$. Li and Yau proved that
$$\mu_1(g) \operatorname{...
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Steklov eigenvalue for circle valued functions
Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. It is well known that the first positive Steklov eigenvalue $\sigma_1$ of $M$ has the following variational characterization:
$$\sigma_1(M,g)...
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Are these the only first eigenfunctions on a hemisphere?
Let $\mathbb{S}^2_+$ denote the closed upper hemisphere of the unit round sphere in $\mathbb{R}^3$. It is well known that the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian on the closed unit sphere is $2$...
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A question about Gauss-Green formula - a weaker assumption
The question I have in mind is the following: how can we prove that for any $v\in H^1(\Omega)$ and for any $u\in H^1(\Omega)$ with $\Delta u\in L^2(\Omega)$ the Gauss-Green identity takes place
$$\...
- 1,759
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Heat kernel coefficients for Laplacian in instanton background
The heat kernel coefficients $b_{2k}(x,y)$ of the covariant Laplacian in an $SU(2)$ instanton background (for simplicity let's say $q=1$ topological charge, so the 't Hooft solution) on $R^4$ is ...
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Estimate value of harmonic function in the annulus
Let $D = B_{2r}(0)\backslash \overline{B}_r(0)$. Assume $Lu = 0$ in $D$ where $L$ is a uniform elliptic operator with constant coefficients
$$
Lu = \sum_{i,j} a_{ij}u_{x_i}u_{x_j}, \qquad \lambda |\xi|...
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Can I characterize functions (in 2D), which will have compactly supported/support contained Poisson solution?
I have the problem of solving Poisson equation in 2D
$$
\Delta u = f
$$
Let's say for a moment I want to solve it on $\mathbb{R}^2$, for $f(x,y), x\in \mathbb{R}, y\in \mathbb{R}$.
I know however that ...
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Upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian on surfaces with boundary
Let $\Sigma$ be a compact smooth surface with boundary. Define
$$\Lambda(\Sigma) := \sup \{ \lambda_1(\Sigma,g) \operatorname{Area}(\Sigma,g) : g \text{ is a smooth Riemannian metric on $\Sigma$} \}$$
...
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Eigenvalues of the Laplacian on surfaces with boundary
Let $\Sigma$ be a compact smooth surface with boundary. Is it true that the supremum
$$\sup \{ \lambda_1(\Sigma,g) \operatorname{Area}(\Sigma,g) : g \text{ smooth Riemannian metric on $\Sigma$} \}$$
...
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Largest eigenvalue of a Laplacian matrix to lower bound the prime counting function? (Recursive formula for prime pi?)
Let $L_n$ be the Laplacian matrix of the undirected graph $G_n = (V_n, E_n)$ (which is defined here: Why is this bipartite graph a partial cube, if it is? ) with sorted spectrum:
$$\lambda_1 (G_n) \ge ...
- 3,032
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Entropy of eigenvectors of (traceless) laplacian of a bipartite graph
This problem is motivated by the edge states that sometimes appear (and sometimes not) at the level of Huckel hamiltonians for $\pi$-conjugated benzenoid hydrocarbons. If this sentence is cryptic, ...
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Laplace equation with bisection boundary condition on upper side
solve Laplace equation $ U_{xx} + U_{yy} = 0 $ with given boundary
condition : $ (x,y) \in (0,a) \times (0,b) $ $\begin{cases} U_x(0,y)
= U(x,0) = U_x(a,y) = 0 \\ U(x,b)= c= constant \hspace{3mm} ,...
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Algorithm for efficiently calculating $(A+\sum_{i=1}^n B_i)^{-1}$ where $A^{-1}\in\mathbb S^n_+$ is known and $B_i$ are sparse matrices
Let $A\in\mathbb R^{n\times n}$ be a symmetric positive-definite matrix and $A^{-1}$ is already known. Now I want to compute the matrix $(A+\sum_{i=1}^n B_i)^{-1}$ where each $B_i$ is a sparse ...
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1
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714
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Laplacian on sphere after stereographic projection
How to derive that after stereo-graphical projection, $\Delta u$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is transformed to
$$
\Delta_{\mathbb{S}^n}u - \frac{n(n-2)}{4}u\ \text{in}\ \mathbb{S}^n.
$$
To be more precise, in ...
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Surprising symmetry in the Ramanujan bound
The condition for a connected $(q+1)$-regular graph to be Ramanujan is that every nonzero eigenvalue $\lambda$ of the graph Laplacian satisfy
$$q+1-2\sqrt{q}\le \lambda\le q+1+2\sqrt{q}.$$
With a ...
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Prove or disprove the compactness of an operator
Consider $X=L^{2}(0,\pi, \mathbb{R})$.
Let $X_{\frac{1}{2}}$ be the domain of $(\Delta)^\frac{1}{2}$ where $\Delta$ is the laplacien operator.
We define the operator $K:C([0,a],X_{\frac{1}{2}})\...
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Self-ajointness of the Laplacian over a Riemannian manifold with boundary
I have some doubts about on a passage found on this article (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.08136.pdf).
Let
$(M,g)$ be a Riemannian manifold with boundary;
$E\to M$ be an hermitian fiber bundle;
$\Delta$ ...
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129
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Interpreting the Higher-order Hodge-Laplace Operator
As an operator on functions, one intuitive way to think about the Laplacian seems to be as an operator that returns the average difference between a function's value at a point and the values of its ...
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1
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Non-linear diffusion on networks
The diffusion equation with constant diffusion $D$ can be represented as:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial \phi(r, t)}{\partial t}=D \Delta \phi(r, t)
\end{equation}
where
$\Delta$ is the Laplace ...
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