Questions tagged [fractional-calculus]

Questions regarding derivatives and integrals of non-integer order.

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Fractional Laplacian and chain rule

For the classical Laplacian, we have $$\Delta (h(u)) = h'\Delta u + h''(u)|\nabla u|^2$$ for smooth functions $h$ and $u$. Does a similar chain rule hold (up to a reminder term) also for the ...
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Existence of a limit of alpha-difference quotient for Hölder functions

Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}^d,d\geq 1,$ be an Hölder function with exponent $\alpha\in (0,1)$, meaning that \begin{equation} \sup_{x, y \in \mathbb R, \,x\neq y}\frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{|x-y|^\alpha}<...
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Convergence of the best constant in the $s$-fractional $L^p$ Sobolev inequality

It is known that the fractional $L^p$ Sobolev inequality $$ \|f\|_{L^{p^*_s}(\mathbb R^n)}^p \leq \sigma_{n,p,s} (1-s) \int_{\mathbb R^n}\int_{\mathbb R^n} \frac{|f(x)-f(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{n+sp}} dx dy $$ ...
julian haddad's user avatar
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Commutator of pseudodifferential operator and multiplication operator

Cross-post from math.sx. Let $\eta:\mathbb R^n\to[0,1]$ be a smooth and compactly supported function and assume $f:\mathbb R^n \to\mathbb R$ is measurable. I want to bound the commutator of the ...
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Definition of homogeneous Sobolev spaces

As we know the inhomogeneous Sobolev space (we only consider $s>0$) $${H}^{s}\left(\mathbb{R}^{n}\right)=\left\{f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n):\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}|\xi|^{2 s}|\hat{f}(\xi)|^{2} \mathrm{d} ...
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Given $a>0$, find $b>0$ for which $\|\langle x\rangle^{-b}|\partial_x|^{1/2}f\|_{L^2}\lesssim\|\partial_x f\|_{L^2}+\|\langle x\rangle^{-a}f\|_{L^2}$

I have asked the same question on MathSE. I was thinking about the following problem. Problem. Given $\alpha>0$, find all values of $\beta\geq 0$ such that the following estimate is true for all $\...
Lorenzo Pompili's user avatar
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If $u \in W^{\alpha,p}(0,T;X)$ for $\alpha \in (0,1)$, then $f(u) \in W^{\alpha,q}(0,T;Y)$ for some good $f:X \to Y$

Let $u \in W^{\alpha,p}(0,T;X)$ for some reflexive Banach space $X$ (you can also take a Hilbert space if it helps) for $\alpha \in (0,1)$ and $p \geq 2$. I am fine with both the Sobolev-Slobodeckij ...
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Covergence of fractional Taylor series

Let $f(x)$ be a function that is continuous and infinitely smooth on entire $\mathbb R$. Let's consider Taylor-Maclaurin series for this function: $$f(x) = \sum_{0}^{∞}\frac{f^n(x_0)(x-x_0)^n}{n!}$$ ...
Мікалас Кaрыбутоў's user avatar
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Normalisation in fractional integration and Brownian motion

Fractional Brownian motion comes in two forms (following Marinucci and Robinson 1998) for fraction $\alpha$ and Brownian motion $W_s$: Type II (Levy, Volterra, Riemann) $$ \tilde W^\alpha_t = \int_0^...
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Could the patterns in the roots of the Riemann-Liouville differintegral for $(s-1)\,\zeta(s)$ be explained?

The well-known integral expression for the entire function: $$(s-1)\,\zeta(s) = \frac{-i\,\pi}{2}\int_{1/2-i\infty}^{1/2+i\infty} \frac{\csc(\pi\,u)^2}{u^{s-1}} \, du \qquad s \in \mathbb{C} \tag{0}$$ ...
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Infinite partial fraction expansions to compute fractional iterations and recurrences

Let say a function $f$ is defined iteratively over the set of positive integers, for instance $f(t+1)=f(f(t))$ or $f(t+1)=f(t)+f(t-1)$. Based on the recurrence relationship and initial conditions, how ...
Vincent Granville's user avatar
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About generalized binomial theorem and Grünwald-Letnikov fractional derivative

I have run into a problem while computing the fractional derivatives of order $\alpha$ for the Riemann zeta function. My Theorem states Let $s\in\mathbb{C}$, $\mathfrak{Re}(s)>1$, then the ...
Flammable Maths's user avatar
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Rearrangement in Bessel function spaces

I consider, for $0<s<1$, the Bessel function space $$ L^{s,2}(\mathbb{R}^d) = \left\{f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) : (1+|\cdot|)^{s/2}\hat{f}(\cdot)\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\right\}. $$ The question I ...
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A question about fractional integrals

I am starting from Theorem 3.4 in Struwe's book Variational methods. The authors proves an existence result for a problem with critical growth. I would like to replace the laplacian with the ...
TravelingBoy's user avatar
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Fractional powers of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map to derive estimate for PDE

Assume $\Omega$ is an open, bounded subset of $\mathbb R^3$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega= \Gamma$. For $u \in H^{1/2}(\Gamma)$, let $U \in H^1(\Omega)$ denote the weak solution of the ...
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Fractional power of a matrix with complex spectrum

I will use the notation I found here https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.01206. Please forgive me if this is a poorly stated question. I'm not sure of the things I wrote in parenthesis. The paper makes a claim ...
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Is there a fractional derivative that preserves the composition of the one-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with $x\mapsto x^{\alpha}$?

Let $\alpha\in (0,1)$. The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order $\alpha$ is defined by $$ \sideset{_0^R}{}{D^{\alpha}f(t)} =\frac{1}{\Gamma{(1-\alpha)}} \frac{d}{dt}\left(\int_{0}^{t} \...
Medo's user avatar
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Fractional Laplacian in higher order case

Let $n\geq 2$ and $\sigma \in (0,\frac{n}{2})$. Denote the critical Sobolev exponent $2_{\sigma}^*:=\frac{2n}{n-2\sigma}$, consider Sobolev space $E$ which is the space of real-valued functions $u\...
Davidi Cone's user avatar
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A mapping property for fractional Laplace--Beltrami operator

Suppose that $g$ is a smooth Riemannian metric on $\mathbb R^3$ that is equal to the Euclidean metric outside the unit ball. Let us define the fractional Laplace--Beltarmi operator on $\mathbb R^3$ of ...
Ali's user avatar
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Nonlocal perimeter of level sets

Let $u \in W^{s,1}(B)$ be given and $k < l$ be two numbers, then I am looking for a way to bound the following term from above. Here $B$ is the euclidean ball. $$ \int_{B: u < k} \int_{B:u>l} ...
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Computing the fractional laplacian of a logarithm function

Are there explicit formulas to compute the fractional laplacian $(-\Delta)^{s/2}\log |x|$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $s\in (0,2)$?
Student's user avatar
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Boundary terms in integration by parts for the fractional Laplacian

Let $u,v \in C^\infty(\Omega)$ and assume that $v$ is compactly supported inside a domain $\Omega$. Is it true that $$ \int_\Omega v (-\Delta)^su \, d x = \int_\Omega (-\Delta)^{s/2}v(-\Delta)^{s/2}u \...
user173196's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
61 views

Expansion of the Riemann-Liouville integral

Riemann-Liouville integral operator of the $\alpha$-th order ($\alpha > 0$) is defined as $$ I^{\alpha} x(t) := \frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int\limits_{0}^{t} (t-\tau)^{\alpha - 1} x(\tau)d\tau $$ I ...
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Approximation in fractional Sobolev space

Assume $\Omega\subset \Bbb R^d$ is Lipschitz open set. Let $p\geq 1$ and $0<s\leq 1/p$. How to prove that $C_c^\infty(\Omega)$ is dense in $W^{s,p}(\Omega)$? Recall that, $$|u|^p_{W^{s,p}(\Omega)}= ...
Guy Fsone's user avatar
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2 votes
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Eigenvalues and kernel of the the fractional laplacian in the $d$-dimensional torus

Let $\mathbb{T}^d$ be the $d$-dimensional torus. Consider the operator $$ \Delta^{(\alpha/2)}u(x):= \int_{\mathbb{T}^d} \frac{u(x+y)+u(x-y)-2u(x)}{(d_{\mathbb{T}^d}(x,y))^{d+\alpha}} dy$$ Where $u$ ...
Kernel's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
141 views

Fractional derivative of the Wright function

It is mentioned in some papers (Appendix in this paper, for example) that the (formal) solution of the fractional drift (or transport) equation $$ \partial_{t}^{\alpha}u(t,x)+\partial_{x}u(t,x)=0\quad\...
user's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Extension operator maps which fractional Sobolev space to $W^{p,s}(R)$

Let us assume we have the following extension operator: $$ \operatorname{ext}_R^\sigma u= \begin{cases} u(x) & \text{if }x \in (0,T)\\ u(0) & \text{if }x \in(0,T)^c. \end{cases} $$ We ...
Fractional analysics's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
59 views

A possible upper bound for a function that satisfies a singular integral inequality

I am currently working on an analysis problem in fractional calculus and after some work I have encountered the following inequality: $$ |v(s)|~\leq \epsilon+\beta \int_{0}^{1}|s-x|^{\alpha-1}\left( |...
Takieddine Zeghida's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
61 views

Variation of the fractional derivatives

$\DeclareMathOperator\AC{AC}\DeclareMathOperator\Lip{Lip}$Suppose we have $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\cap \AC(\mathbb{R})\cap \Lip(\mathbb{R})$ and $f$ piecewise linear function, bounded and $|f|\leqslant \...
eN.meshok's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
71 views

Domain where the fractional Laplacian operator is a closed operator

Consider the fractional Laplacian defined by $$(-\Delta)^s u(x) = P.V. \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{u(x) - u(y)}{|x - y|^{N + 2s}}dy, \ s \in (0,1).$$ Also consider that $$D((-\Delta)^s) = \{u \in H^s(\...
José's user avatar
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A question of interpolation space on homogeneous Carnot group

Let $\mathbb{G}$ be the homogeneous Carnot group on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ defined as follows: A homogeneous Lie group $\mathbb{G}=(\mathbb{R}^{n},\circ)$ is called a homogeneous Carnot group (or a ...
pxchg1200's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Functional inequality for fractional Laplacian

Let $f$ be a nonnegative function on the $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^d$, which you can take to be smooth. Let $\bar{f}:=\int_{\mathbb{T}^d}fdx$. I am interested in whether the following ...
Matt Rosenzweig's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
55 views

Precise decay of solution fo fractional Schroedinger equations

Let us consider the time-independent fractional Schroedinger equation $$(-\Delta)^s u + u = \vert u \vert^{p-1}u$$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$, where $0<s<1$, $N>2s$ and $1<p<\frac{N+2s}{N-2s}$. ...
Siminore's user avatar
  • 459
1 vote
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Poisson Kernel and solution formula for fractional elliptic problem

$$ k (-\Delta)^s u + u = 0, \qquad x \in U, \\ u(x) = f(x), \qquad x \in \mathbb R^n \setminus U, $$ with $f \in L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$, $k>0$, and $(-\Delta)^s$ is the singular integral ...
Riku's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Questions about iterating the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula

Introduction The Euler–Maclaurin summation formula is as follows for a positive integer $p$ and a continuous function $f(\cdot)$ that is $p$ times continuously differentiable on the interval $[m,n]$ : ...
Max Muller's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Multivariable fractional calculus

I recently started to learn about nonlocal PDEs. Sorry if I am missing something really standard in this field. I know Riesz derivative is defined through Fourier transform: $$\mathcal{F}(\partial^\...
Jingeon An-Lacroix's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
199 views

Is the spectral fractional Sobolev norm equivalent to other norms (e.g. Gagliardo...)?

Let $s \in (0, 1)$ and $\Omega$ be a bounded subdomain of $\mathbb R^n$ with polygonal/polyhedral boundary. Let $\Delta$ be the Laplace-Dirichlet operator on $\Omega$ (i.e. the Laplace operator with ...
Bubble Dopple's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
65 views

How to check that $f(t,x)\ge 0$ for any $x\ge 0$?

Suppose $f(t,x)$ satisfices $\partial_t f=\Lambda^{-\alpha}f\partial_xf$, for $0<\alpha<1$ and where $\Lambda=(-\partial_{xx})^{1/2}$, $f_0(x)=f(0,x)$ is odd, and $f_0(x)\ge 0$, $\forall x\ge 0$....
Mr.xue's user avatar
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Fractional power of the operator $\mathcal{L}_t[t f(t)](x)$ and equivalence of divergent integrals

I wonder whether an expression for fractional power of operator $\mathcal{L}_t[t f(t)](x)$ that involves Laplace transform can be derived? I am asking this because this operator preserves the area ...
Anixx's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Another uniform estimation of an integral involving an Hölder function with derivative that is Hölder

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, let $s\in [1/2,1)$, let $u\in C^{1,2s-1+\epsilon}(\Omega)$ such that: $u=0$ on $\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\Omega$, and: $u\in C^{0,s}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, is true that there ...
inoc's user avatar
  • 339
1 vote
0 answers
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Functions that vanish weakly to $\infty$ and a uniqueness problem

I am reading the article "User’s guide to the fractional Laplacian and the method of semigroups" by P.R. Stinga, there is a link. At page 17, in theorem 7, the author state that, for a given ...
inoc's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Extension problem of fractional laplacian and Fourier transform of $L^1_\text{loc}$ function?

I have understand the proof oh the lemma 4.1.9 "SOME NONLOCAL OPERATORS AND EFFECTS DUE TO NONLOCALITY" by C.Bocur, there is a link. In this paper, we define, for $u\in L^1_\text{loc}(\...
inoc's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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Fractional Laplacian extension problem and uniqueness question

I am studying the article "An Extension Problem Related to the Fractional Laplacian" by L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre. Consider the following problem: $$ \Delta_xu+\frac{a}{y}u_y+u_{yy}=0, $...
inoc's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
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A question about extension problem related to fractional laplacian

I am studying the article "An Extension Problem Related to the Fractional Laplacian" by L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre. link. At page 2, for a function $f\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$, we ...
inoc's user avatar
  • 339
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0 answers
377 views

Stein's extension operator for fractional Sobolev spaces

In his book Singular Integrals and Differentiability Properties of Functions, Stein constructs an extension operator $\mathcal{E}:W^{m,p}(\Omega)\rightarrow W^{m,p}(\mathbb{R}^{N})$, $m\in\mathbb{N}$, ...
Gio67's user avatar
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1 vote
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Equivalence of Cauchy Type Problems and Volterra Integral Equations

The following Theorem is from the book Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential Equations by Kilbas, Srivastava and Trujillo. It's Theorem 3.10 from page 163. Theorem. Let $ \alpha \in \...
Tirregs's user avatar
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Limit contration rates and expansion rate solenoid map

Let M:=$S^{1}\times \mathcal{D}^1$ where $\mathcal{D}=\{v\in \mathcal{R}^2 | |v|<1\}$ carries the product distance and suppose $f:M\rightarrow M$,$(x,y,z)\rightarrow (\gamma x, \lambda y+v(x), \mu ...
Adam's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
105 views

formula of spectral fractional laplacian

In fact, if $U$ is a solution of \begin{equation} \ \ \left\{\begin{aligned} (-\Delta)^s U &=f &&\text{in } \Omega \\ U &= g &&\text{on } \partial \Omega \\ \end{...
sadiaz's user avatar
  • 402
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0 answers
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Solution of two coupled fractional differential equations

The following arose in a physical problem: Solve the two equations \begin{eqnarray} p(t)+D^\alpha x(t)+\omega x(t)=0\\ _T^- D^\alpha p(t)-\omega p(t)+k x(t)=0 \end{eqnarray} subject to the ...
Kizhakeyil Sebastian's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
61 views

Fractional Leibniz rule with Lorentz spaces

The "fractional Leibniz rule" asserts that $$\Vert D^s(fg)\Vert_{L^r}\lesssim\Vert D^sf\Vert_{L^{p_1}}\Vert g\Vert_{L^{q_1}}+\Vert f\Vert_{L^{p_2}}\Vert D^sg\Vert_{L^{q_2}}$$ where $$\frac{1}{p_i}+\...
Capublanca's user avatar