Questions tagged [semigroups-of-operators]
(Usually one-parameter) semigroups of linear operators and their applications to partial differential equations, stochastic processes such as Markov processes and other branches of mathematics.
172
questions
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Representation of heat kernel in general domains
I'm looking for results on the representation of the heat kernel in general domains. If $e^{-\Delta_{\Omega} t}$ denotes the heat semigroup in $\Omega$, we have to
$$ (e^{-\Delta_{\Omega} t}f)(x) = \...
- 225
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0
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29
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How was this heat semigroup estimate made in a paper on reaction–diffusion systems?
In Yamauchi - Blow-up results for a reaction–diffusion system, in the proof of Lemma 3.3, there is the passage
$$S(t-s)|x|^{\sigma/1-k} \geq C_1(t-s)^{\sigma/2(1-k)}.$$
Here $S(t)$ denotes the heat ...
- 225
3
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0
answers
95
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Infinitesimal generator of a Markov process acting on a measure
Short version: The transition operator of a Markov process can act on measures (on the left) or functions (on the right). The infinitesimal generator acts on functions. Is there a way to understand ...
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Uniformly continuous semigroups are analytic
Reposting from stackexchange.
I know that every analytic $C_0$-semigroup is differentiable and then every differentiable semigroup is norm continuous.
I want to know where uniform continuity fits in ...
- 121
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52
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Is there any class of initial data for which the heat semigroup is increasing in time?
Lee and Ni proved in the paper Global existence, large time behavior and life span of solutions of semi linear parabolic Cauchy problem that the heat semigroup decays as $t$ tends to infinity, that is
...
- 225
2
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65
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Gradient $L^\infty$-estimate for heat equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition
$\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a bounded smooth domain. Consider the homogeneous heat equation with zero boundary condition in $\Omega$
\begin{cases}
\partial_t u-\Delta u=0 \quad(x,t)\in \Omega\...
- 121
1
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0
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68
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$H^s$ norm of dispersive semigroup
The Bourgain space is $X^{s,b} := X^{s,b}(\mathbb R \times \mathbb{T}^3)$ is the completion of $C^\infty (\mathbb R; H^s(\mathbb{T}^3))$ under the norm
$$\| u\|_{X^{s,b}}:= \|e^{- i t \triangle} u(t,x)...
- 223
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0
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Is there any way this property of semigroups can be satisfied?
Suppose you have the heat semigroup $(S(t))_{t>0}$, such that
$$S(t)u(x) = (4\pi t)^{-n/2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}e^{-|x-y|^2/4t}u(y)dy.$$
The semigroup has the property that
$$S(t)S(s)u(x) = S(t+s)u(x)....
- 225
2
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1
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Equivalent of a local limit theorem in the large deviation region and asymptotics of a convolution operator
Let $\{X_i \}_{i \in \mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables satisfying $\mathbb{E} X_1 = 0$ and $\mathbb{E} X_1 ^2 < \infty$. Assume that $\{S_n \}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ is a non-...
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The semigroup of Laplace-Beltrami operator on 3-flat torus
I am studying a recent paper in which the author worked on the rectangular, flat 3 tori. It can be realized, the author explained, as $\mathbb{R}^3 \over (L_1 \mathbb Z \times L_2 \mathbb Z \times L_3 ...
- 223
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34
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$C_{0}$-semigroups with growth bound zero: how do constants $M_{\omega}$ grow as $\omega\to 0^{+}$?
Let $\{T(t)\}_{t\geq 0}$ be a $C_{0}$-semigroup on a Banach space $X$ and define the growth bound to be the quantity
\begin{equation} \omega_{A}=\inf\{\omega\in\mathbb{R} \mid \exists\text{ } M_{\...
- 171
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Is the underlying set of every renormalization group countable and finite？ [closed]
Is the underlying set of every renormalization group countable and finite？
Suppose A is a renormalization group, and the elements of it compose of the set B. Is B the set countable and finite?
- 2,592
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108
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Friedrichs Inequality
I'm a little confused with the following proof of Friedrichs inequality in Lawson's & Michelsohn's book Spin geometry, page 194, Theorem 5.4.
I don't understand why the last inequality, i.e.
$$
C(\...
- 21
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2
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85
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Exponential decay of Fisher information along the OU semigroup
I read from a paper that there is a "well-known" exponential decay of Fisher information along the OU semigroup, that is $$J(\nu^t\mid\gamma)\leq e^{-2t}J(\nu\mid\gamma),$$
where $\gamma$ is ...
- 443
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0
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36
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How to show a space is an invariant core for a strongly continuous semigroup?
This question comes from a paper 2015(Kolokoltsov) Theorem 4.1.
In the end of the proof i), “Applying to $T_t$ the procedure applied above to $T_t^h$ shows that $T_t$ defines also a strongly ...
- 165
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1
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Contractivity of Neumann Laplacean
I have an intriguing and probably simple question: reading the articles and books of Wolfgang Arendt on Semigroups of Linear operators I found on many places properties of the Neumann Laplacean.
In W....
- 892
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78
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Results about Schrödinger equations
Does anyone know any paper or book that deals with Schrodinger equations, specifically on asymptotic properties like blowup or limitation of solution when time goes to infinity using Schrödinger ...
- 225
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answer
85
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Isomorphic generators
Given the two generators $(A,D(A))$ and $(B,D(B))$ of two $C_0$-semigroups on $X$ and $Y$ ( Banach spaces), respectively. We assume that there exists an isomorphism $V:D(A)\longrightarrow D(B)$ such ...
- 169
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322
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Tauberian Theorem for 1-parameter groups of operators
The Wiener Tauberian Theorem gives condition on an $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})$ such that the "induced 1-parameter family" $\{T_b(f)\}_{b\in \mathbb{R}}$ has a dense span in $L^1(\mathbb{R})$; ...
- 1
2
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183
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Limit of $e^{-t(-\Delta)^\alpha}$ when $\alpha \to 1$
Let us consider the fractional heat semigroup $\left(e^{-t(-\Delta)^\alpha}\right)_{t\ge 0}$ for $\alpha\in (0,1)$ (the fractional power is taken in whole $\mathbb R^d$). Is there any result about the ...
- 363
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66
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Methods to find the spectrum of an operator
Suppose we have a bounded, self-adjoint operator $T$ on a set of functions $\mathcal{F}$. What kinds of methods are there to find the spectrum of $T$?
Here is the setting I'm wondering about: consider ...
- 143
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1
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43
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Green function of symmetric stable process in dimension 1 and 2
Are the results in this paper on the Green function of a symmetric stable process available also in space dimension $d =1$ and $d=2$? The main theorems here are stated only for $d \ge 3$.
- 99
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71
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Ornstein-Ulhenbeck like semigroup for the orthogonal group with a hypercontractive inequality
I am looking for an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck like semigroup $P_t$ and associated generator $\mathcal{L}$ on $G = \operatorname{SO}(n)$ or $\operatorname{O}(n)$ that has a hypercontractive inequality with a ...
- 911
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129
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When is the heat semigroup Gibbs?
Defining the Laplacian on a region $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions, under what conditions on the region (or any other possible assumptions) is the semigroup it generates Gibbs,...
6
votes
2
answers
301
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Vacuum region with positive measure for the Schrödinger equation
Let us consider the free Schrödinger equation $(i\partial_t+\Delta_x)\psi=0$ in $\mathbb{R}_t\times\mathbb{R}_x^d$. I'm trying to understand the structure of the vacuum region
$$\Omega(\psi):=\{(t,x)\...
2
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1
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91
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On a property of resolvents associated with holomorphic semigroups
This question is about semigroup theory.
Let $E$ be a locally compact metric space, and $X=(X_t,t\ge 0;\,P_x,x\in E)$ be a Markov process on $E$. We assume that $X$ is symmetric with respect to $m$, ...
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28
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Identify input maps corresponding to control system ($A,B$), where $B = \delta_0$
The text I'm struggling with comes from "Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups" by Tucsnak and Weiss, page 119.
Take $X = L^2(0,\infty)$ and let $X_{-1}$ be the dual of the Sobolev ...
0
votes
0
answers
44
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Independence of variables predicted by the generator
Let $X$ be en compact metric set, and denote by $\mathcal{C}(X)$ the set of real continuous functions defined on $X$, endowed with the supremum norm $\|\cdot\|_{\infty}$. Let $\Omega$ be the generator ...
- 433
4
votes
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337
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Asymptotic formula for fractional Laplacian
For the solution of
$$
\begin{cases}
\lambda u^\epsilon - \frac{\epsilon^2}{2} \Delta u^\epsilon = 0 &\text{in } \Omega \\
u^\epsilon=1 & \text{on } \partial \Omega
\end{cases}
$$
Varadhan ...
- 279
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answers
112
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Explicit computation of a norm in context of operator-semigroups and differential equations
I am interested in the explicit calculation of the following norm $\vert \cdot \vert$.
Let $X$ a Banach space with norm $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ and $(T(t))_{t \geq 0}$ a strongly continuous one-parameter ...
- 21
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2
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Is a linear combination of Markov generator a Markov generator?
Let $X$ be a compact metric set and $\mathcal{C}(X)$ be the set on continuous real functions over $X$ endowed with the supremum norm $\|\cdot\|_{\infty}$. Let $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2$ be two Markov ...
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0
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47
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Conservation of the Feller property after passage to the limit
Let $K\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ $(d\geq 1)$ be a compact set, $(D,\|\cdot\|_{\infty)}$ be the set of continuous functions form $[0,1]$ to $K$ endowed with the topology of the supremum norm, and $\mathcal{C}...
- 433
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0
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90
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Boundary terms in integration by parts for the fractional Laplacian
Let $u,v \in C^\infty(\Omega)$ and assume that $v$ is compactly supported inside a domain $\Omega$.
Is it true that
$$
\int_\Omega v (-\Delta)^su \, d x = \int_\Omega (-\Delta)^{s/2}v(-\Delta)^{s/2}u \...
- 99
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0
answers
33
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Existence and uniqueness for fractional parabolic equation with transport term
Let us consider the problem
\begin{equation}
\begin{cases}
u_t+(-\Delta)^{\sigma}u+\mathrm{div}(a(t,x)u) = 0 & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n \times [0, T) \\
u(x,0)=u_0(x) & \text{in } \...
- 99
1
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1
answer
93
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Integrability of fractional heat kernel
In Estimates of fractional heat kernel, it was stated that $$ \partial_{x_j} p_t^{(n)}(x) = -\frac{x_j}{2 \pi} \, p_t^{(n+2)}(\tilde x) $$
where $x = (x_1, \ldots, x_n) \in \mathbb R^n$, $\tilde x = (...
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5
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1
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105
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Spectrum of an elliptic operator in divergence form with a reflecting boundary condition
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded open domain and $v:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^n$. Consider the following elliptic operator in divergence form, defined on smooth functions $u: \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$
\begin{align}
L ...
- 53
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68
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Eigenvalues of the Laplacian and min-max formula in any space dimension
In which reference book can I find a proof that the eigenvalue of the Laplace operator in a domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^d$ with $d \ge 1$ are given by
$$
\lambda_1 = \min_{u \in H^1_0(\Omega), \|...
- 99
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0
answers
97
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Spectral fractional Laplacian of power-function $(-\Delta)^s x^{\alpha}$ in $(0,1) \subset \mathbb R$
How can one compute the Neumann spectral fractional Laplacian of power function, $(-\Delta)^s x^{\alpha}$, with $\alpha >0$, in an interval $(0,1)$. I'm only aware of the formula in the whole space....
- 99
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0
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93
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Strongly continuous semigroups on weighted $\ell^1$ space
Let $x=(x_i)$ be a sequence in $\ell^1$ such that all $x_i>0.$
Let $T(t):\ell^1 \rightarrow \ell^1$ be a strongly continuous semigroup of, i.e. $t \mapsto T(t)y$ is continuous for every $y \in \ell^...
- 417
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votes
1
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54
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Link between exact null controllability of two systems
Let $A: D(A) \subset H \rightarrow H$ generate a strongly continuous semigroup $T(t)$ on a Hilbert space $H$ and $B\in \mathcal{B}(H)$. Consider the two control systems:
$$(1)\; x'(t)=Ax(t)+ Bu(t) \...
- 165
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1
answer
112
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Fractional Laplacian equation on a ball and explicit solutions
Let us consider
\begin{align*}
(-\Delta)^s u &= 0 && x \in B_r(0) \\
u&=0 && x \in \mathbb R^N \setminus B_r(0),
\end{align*}
where $$
(-\Delta)^s u(x) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \...
- 99
1
vote
2
answers
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How can I prove that $(I+\lambda G)$ is invertible, where $G$ is the Green function of an elliptic operator?
How can I prove that the operator $$(I+\lambda G)$$ is invertible, where $\lambda >0$ and $G$ is the Green function of an elliptic operator $A$ in a bounded domain $\Omega$?
$\Omega$ can be very ...
- 91
3
votes
1
answer
166
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Neumann/Robin Laplacian semigroup well-known estimate
Let $\Delta_R:D(\Delta_R)\to L^2(\Omega)$ the Robin Laplacian defined on:
$$D(\Delta_R)=\left\{u\in H^1(\Omega)\ \big |\ \Delta u\in L^2(\Omega),\ \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial\nu}+bu=0 \ \text{on}\ \...
- 892
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0
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Show that the Laplacian on these domains is isospectral
Let $\Omega_i\subseteq\mathbb R^d$ be bounded and open, $A_i$ denote the weak Laplacian with domain $\mathcal D(A):=\{u\in H_0^1(\Omega_i):\Delta u\in L^2(\Omega_i)\}$ on $L^2(\Omega_i)$ and $$T_i(t)f:...
- 383
2
votes
0
answers
63
views
Weighted translation semigroup
Given a strictly positive function $a:[0,1]\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$, I have a question about the generation of a $C_0$-semigroup on $L^p([0,1])$ ($1\le p<\infty$) by the following maximal ...
- 169
7
votes
3
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560
views
What is dispersive estimate?
Consider free NLS: $i\partial_tu+\Delta u=0, \quad u(0, x)=u_0$
The solution of this IVP, can be written as
$$u(x,t)=e^{it\Delta}u_0(x)$$
It is clear to me that how to prove following estimate:
$$ \|e^...
- 91
1
vote
1
answer
54
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Stability of densly defined $C_{0}$-semigroup
Let $(S(t))_{t \geq 0}$ be a $C_{0}$-semigroup on $H$ where $H$ is a Hilbert space. Suppose that $(S(t))_{t \geq 0}$ satisfies the following estimate on a dense subspace on $H$
$$||S(t)x||_H \leq e^{-...
- 525
1
vote
1
answer
92
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Spectrum decomposition of the scaling operator on weighted spaces
Consider the bounded linear operator $M_a$ defined by $M_au(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}u\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)$, for $a>1$. On $L^2(\mathbb{R})$, it is easy to see that this is a unitary operator and ...
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0
answers
48
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Is every cyclic right action of a cancellative invertible-free monoid on a set isomorphic to the set of shifts of some homography?
The terms are defined in a related question. [1]
Conjecture 1. Let $A$ be a set, $W$ a cancellative invertible-free monoid, and $\cdot\colon A\times W\rightarrow A$ a cyclic right $W$-action generated ...
4
votes
1
answer
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Is every invertible-free cancellative monoid action represented by "shifting" certain maps?
[Note: This question is closed. It's current content reflects a draft of a potential new question, modified from the original by adding conditions to the premises; see comments]
Let $W,X$ be ...