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2 votes
1 answer
615 views

Convolution with Schwartz class function

Let $f, g\in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb R)$ (Schwartz class function), $\delta_0$ (dirac delta distribution). Consider distribution as follows: $$H(x, y)= f(x)g(x)\delta_0(y)-f(y)g(y)\delta_0(x), \ (x, y\...
26 votes
2 answers
1k views

Symmetric strengthening of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality

In this great question by Nathaniel Johnston, and in its answers, we can learn the following remarkable inequality: For all $v,w \in \mathbb{R}^n$ we have \begin{align*} \|v^2\| \, \|w^2\| - \langle ...
7 votes
1 answer
355 views

Is $\frac{\sin |\xi|}{|\xi|}$ in range of Fourier Transform for $n \ge 3$?

Does there exist $f \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ s.t., $\displaystyle \widehat{f}(\xi) = \frac{\sin |\xi|}{|\xi|}$ in case of dimension $n \ge 3$? It is known that for $n = 2$, the function $\displaystyle ...
1 vote
1 answer
597 views

A question about real convex functions

This is a follow-up of a popular exercise found in Rudin's Real and Complex analysis. It is known that if a continuous function $f:\left]a,b\right[\to \bf R$ satisfies the inequality $f((x+y)/2)\le 1/...
2 votes
1 answer
188 views

Is it possible to find $f$ such that : $f$ is absolutely integrable, $f'$ is absolutely integrable and such that $f$ is not $1/2$-Hölder

I am trying to find a function $f: \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+$ that fullfils the following conditions $$f \in \mathcal{C}^1(\mathbb{R}^+,\mathbb{R}^+)$$ $$\int_{\mathbb{R}^+} f \in \mathbb{R}^+$$ ...
6 votes
1 answer
411 views

Interesting behaviour of binomial coefficients

Let $\binom{n}{k}:=\frac{\Gamma(n+1)}{\Gamma(k+1)\Gamma(1-k+n)}$ be the generalized binomial coefficient then I noticed by playing around with Mathematica that the function $f:[0,n/2] \rightarrow \...
3 votes
1 answer
261 views

How to prove that the following function is monotonically increasing?

$$f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{x}\int_a^1 e^{-xs} s^{b+1}~ \mathrm{d}s}{\int_a^1 e^{-xs} s^{b} ~\mathrm{d}s}:\left]0,+\infty\right[\ \to \mathbb{R} $$ where $0 < a < 1$ and $b > 0.$ By applying ...
4 votes
1 answer
145 views

Power series in functions other than monomials

I would like to understand how approximations by monomials and approximations by other kinds of functions are related which I illustrate with an example. Consider the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$ let's say. ...
0 votes
1 answer
119 views

$\sup_{f} \inf_{z\in D} [f_x^2(z)+f_y^2(z)]$ for $|f|\leq1$ on a unit disk

Let $f:\mathbb{R^2}\mapsto\mathbb{R}$ be continuous and have partial derivatives in $D=\{(x,y):x^2+y^2\leq1\}$, and let $\mathscr{H}$ the set of such functions for which $\sup_D |f|\leq1$. Could ...
2 votes
3 answers
303 views

Uniqueness of solution depending on constant?

I am a physicist and I am aware that this forum is for professional mathematical questions, but please be not too hard on my notation. I encountered the following integral equation for functions $f:[...
1 vote
1 answer
380 views

Existence and regularity for fractional Poisson-type equation

According to Theorem 2.7 in the paper https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.07560.pdf, we have the following classical results. Let $s \in (0,1)$ and $1<p<\infty$. Then for any $F \in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ ...
11 votes
2 answers
1k views

Harmonic oscillator in spherical coordinates

It is probably the most well-known result in quantum mechanics that the harmonic oscillator can be solved by supersymmetry. More precisely, the operator $$-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+x^2$$ can be ...
22 votes
2 answers
652 views

Does every positive continuous function have a non-negative interpolating polynomial of every degree?

Let $f:[a,b] \to (0,\infty)$ be a continuous function. Then is it necessarily true that for every $n\ge 1$, we can find $n+1$ distinct points $\{x_0,x_1,...,x_n\}$ in $[a,b]$ such that the ...
1 vote
0 answers
389 views

The perturbation of a convex function can also be convex?

$ W^{1,\infty}(D)\ni f:D\to\mathbb R, (x,y)\mapsto f(x,y)$, is a strictly increasing on both dimensions (i.e. if $x_1>x_2$ then $f(x_1,y)>f(x_2,y)$), lipschitz continuous function defined on a ...
4 votes
2 answers
4k views

Embedding of $BV$ and $L^p$ spaces

An elementary question about Sobolev spaces: Is there some explicit theorem about embedding relation between spaces $BV(\Omega)$ and $L^p(\Omega)$? Formulated otherwise: is $BV$ a subset of $L^2$ (i....
1 vote
2 answers
215 views

Alternative characterization of epi-convergence

I am struggling with the proof of a property of epi-convergence. We need the following definitions: For a sequence of sets $(C^\nu)_\nu$ in $\mathbb R^n$, the outer limit is the set $\limsup_\nu C^\...
1 vote
1 answer
71 views

Monotonicity given an implicit function containing a Measure integral

The following question seems simple but I am not sure how to handle it correctly because of the integral with respect to a measure. I would be very thankful for any reply.Cheers! Knowing that $$f(\...
5 votes
1 answer
456 views

Number defined by a recursive binary sequence

In a math column in Scientific American many years ago, I encountered a peculiar binary sequence I describe below. Unfortunately I can't find a reference on this, so I would be grateful for any ...
1 vote
1 answer
150 views

Riesz measure of a smooth subharmonic function on a ball

Let $B(x_{0},r)$ be the ball of center $ x_{0} $ and radius $r>0$ in $ \mathbb{R}^{k} $ ($ k\geq2 $), and $u$ a subharmonic function on an open neighborhood of the closure of $B(x_{0},r)$. Let $\mu$...
0 votes
1 answer
275 views

An extension for lower semi continuous lower bounded real valued functions class

Let $(X,d)$ be a complete metric space. I need some explanations about the class of all functions like $f$ which have $f:X \to \mathbb{R}\cup\{ +\infty\}$, be a lower bounded and, for all $y \in X$ we ...
8 votes
1 answer
620 views

Is "weakly good" series in a finite-dimensional Banach space "good"?

Let us call a series $\sum_n x_n$ in a Banach space "good" if there exists a permutation $\sigma:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N$ such that the rearranged series $\sum_n x_{\sigma(n)}$ converges. Find a ...
1 vote
1 answer
103 views

Is $X = \{ B \in L^\infty(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n): \nabla \cdot B \in L^\infty(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n) \}$ a dense subspace?

The Sobolev space $W^{1,\infty}(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n)$ is not dense in $L^\infty(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n)$. In fact the functions in $W^{1,\infty}(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n)$ are Lipshitz, and not ...
2 votes
0 answers
122 views

A community effort: equilibrium in quitting games [closed]

This thread is in the spirit of the polymath project: a combined effort of the community to solve a difficult open problem. It is an activity of the European Network for Game Theory whose goal is to ...
13 votes
5 answers
3k views

Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?

Per the title, what are some of the oldest calculus, real analysis books out there with exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. Edit. Unsolved exercises ...
0 votes
1 answer
167 views

For which $n$, can we find a sequence of $n+1$ distinct points s.t. the interpolating polynomial of every +ve continuous function is itself +ve

Fix an interval $[a,b]$. For which integers $n>1$, does there exist $n+1$ distinct points $\{x_0,x_1,...,x_n\}$ in $[a,b]$ such that for every continuous function $f:[a,b] \to (0,\infty)$, the ...
2 votes
0 answers
144 views

Lebesgue density theorem for "doubling uniformly covering collections of subsets"

I am looking for a version of Lebesgue density theorem that works when restricting to "good" collections of balls with respect to (not necessarily doubling) metric measure spaces. Specifically Let $(...
8 votes
2 answers
323 views

Matrix rescaling increases lowest eigenvalue?

Consider the set $\mathbf{N}:=\left\{1,2,....,N \right\}$ and let $$\mathbf M:=\left\{ M_i; M_i \subset \mathbf N \text{ such that } \left\lvert M_i \right\rvert=2 \text{ or }\left\lvert M_i \right\...
2 votes
2 answers
128 views

Spectral decomposition of a combinatorial matrix/Random walks on $s$-sets

$\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\J}{\mathcal{J}} \newcommand{\la}{\lambda} \newcommand{\1}{\mathbf{1}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}$ Take any $n\in[3;\infty]$. Here and in what follows, $[k;\...
1 vote
2 answers
138 views

Unboundedness of the Sobolev norm of a sequence : Does it follow from Sobolev embedding?

Let $\{f_n\}$ be a sequence of functions that are continuous and lying in $H^k(\mathbb{R}^m)$. Assuming $k>\frac{m}{2}$, and if $f_n \to f$ pointwise, where $f\in H^k(\mathbb{R}^m)$, such that $f$ ...
2 votes
0 answers
116 views

A variant of the optimal transport

Let $\mu$, $\nu$ and $\gamma$ be three probability measures on $\mathbb R$. Consider the optimisation problem as follows: $$\inf_{(X,Y,Z)}~ \mathbb E\big[|Y-Z|^2\big],$$ where the inf is taken ...
3 votes
1 answer
170 views

A specific problem on : Can bounding the Sobolev norm, bound a higher derivative?

Let $f \in H^k(\mathbb{R}^m)$, $k>\frac{m}{2}$. Given any $f$, such that $\|f\|_{H^k(\mathbb{R}^m)}<K$ , and any $\phi \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^m)\cap H^k(\mathbb{R}^m)$, such that $\|\phi\|_{...
9 votes
1 answer
410 views

The discrete Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality

Let $p>1$, $q>1$, $0<\lambda<1$ be such that $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\lambda=2$. Suppose that $(a_{k})\in \ell^{p}(\mathbb{Z})$ and $(b_{k})\in \ell^{q}(\mathbb{Z})$. It is known ([1,2,3]...
2 votes
1 answer
235 views

Counter example about blow-up solution of DEs

Let $f(\cdot)$ be a continuously differentiable function over $\mathbb{R}$, and $u\in L^2_{loc}(0,\infty)$, $a\in \mathbb{R}$, and $x(t)$ solves the integral of $$\dot{x}(t)=ax(t)+f(x(t))+u(t), \quad ...
4 votes
1 answer
239 views

Is there any Menelaus-type theorem for polynomials?

Consider $n+3$ polynomials of degree $n$, say $P_1(x) , ... P_{n+3}(x)$. In addition, consider that there are distinct (it is not necessary that all of them be distinct) numbers $x_{ij}$ for $1 \...
3 votes
1 answer
398 views

Constant "periodization" of a function

Let $w$ be a rapidly decaying function on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $$ \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} w(x+n) = 0$$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$. Does that imply that $w$ is identically zero? What if we assume ...
41 votes
6 answers
9k views

"Long-standing conjectures in analysis ... often turn out to be false"

The title is a quote from a Jim Holt article entitled, "The Riemann zeta conjecture and the laughter of the primes" (p. 47).1 His example of a "long-standing conjecture" is the Riemann hypothesis,...
13 votes
2 answers
2k views

An alternative proof of the Łojasiewicz inequality

Is there a "brute force proof" of the Łojasiewicz inequality? By "brute force" I mean a proof without introducing the machinery of semianalytic sets and so on but only using elementary results (i.e., ...
1 vote
0 answers
43 views

Probability estimate with a Lipschitz, weak* semicontinuous function on the $\ell^\infty$ unit ball

Suppose that $X_i$ for $i=0,1,\dots$ is an i.i.d. sequence of uniformly distributed random variables taking on values in $[-1,1]$. Fix a real number $L>0$ and suppose that $f_n:[-1,1]^n\rightarrow [...
24 votes
4 answers
1k views

show this nice and hard inequality with $ \prod_{i=1}^{n}|x_{i}-y_{i}|<e^{\frac{n}{2}}$

I saw the following results in a book. The author said it was not difficult to prove how I felt it was difficult to prove, so I asked here. The result comes from a book that has no electronic version....
6 votes
2 answers
303 views

Is there a set $S\subseteq [0,1]$ with $|S|=2^{\aleph_0}$ and distinct pairwise distances?

Short version of question. Is there a set $S\subseteq [0,1]$ with $|S|=2^{\aleph_0}$ such that all points of $S$ have distinct pairwise distances? Formal version of question. If $X$ is a set, let $[X]...
-2 votes
1 answer
1k views

Weak convergent $+$ strongly convergent subsequence $\Rightarrow$ strong convergence? [closed]

Let $X$ be a Hilbert space containing functions defined over a bounded region $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N$. Assume $f_n\in X$ converges weakly to $f\in X$, and also has a strongly convergent ...
6 votes
2 answers
353 views

Bounded deformation vs bounded variation

Let $BV(\mathbb R^n; \mathbb R^n)$ be the space of (vector-valued) functions of bounded variation and let $BD(\mathbb R^n;\mathbb R^n)$ the space of functions with bounded deformation. They are made ...
0 votes
1 answer
51 views

Strict positive type function on hypersurface also of positive type in neighborhood?

Let $u\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n)$ be symmetric and of strictly positive type on some hypersurface $S \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ diffeomorphic to $\{0\}\times\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$. This means ...
1 vote
2 answers
275 views

A min-max approximation

Let $n\ge 1$ be an integer, $\mathcal P_n$ be the vector space of all polynomial functions over $[a,b]$, of degree at most $n$. My question is : Is it true that $$\inf_{x_0,x_1,...,x_n\in[a,b], x_0&...
46 votes
2 answers
6k views

Is the following identity true?

Calculation suggests the following identity: $$ \lim_{n\to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\sum_{j=1}^k\frac{1}{2j-1}=\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}. $$ I have verified this identity for $n$ up to $5000$ ...
3 votes
1 answer
210 views

Log concavity of the maximum of dependent Gaussians

Let $Z_1,\dots,Z_n$ be dependent Gaussian random variables. Is it true that $X=\max\{Z_1,\dots,Z_n\}$ has a log-concave distribution function? This is true for the independent case, but is it true in ...
3 votes
0 answers
422 views

Isometries between subspaces of finite-dimensional vector spaces

I would like to characterise the subspaces of $\ell_p^n(\mathbb{R})$ that are isometric (for $p$ an even integer). In the literature, I have found few results related to this. Taking $n \le m$, one ...
0 votes
1 answer
168 views

Does differentiating an integro-differential equation results in equivalent stability of the solution?

I have a dynamical system in the form of an integro-differential equation which I want to analyze in terms of stability. To demonstrate my problem consider the following integro-differential equation: ...
2 votes
0 answers
61 views

Convergence to the probability generating function of a Poisson process

I'm working currently with a Poisson process trying to proove Renyi's Theorem, so far I want to show that $\prod_{i=1}^{k_n}[z + (1-z)e^{-\mu(A_{n_i})}] \to e^{-(1-z)\mu(A)}$ as $\mu(A_{n_i}) \to 0$, ...
4 votes
1 answer
202 views

Removable set for Sobolev space

It is well known that if $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$ open, $F\subset\Omega$ closed, such that $\mathcal{H}^{N−1}(F)=0$,where $\mathcal{H}^{N−1}$ denotes (N-1) dimensional Hausdorff measure, then $W^{...

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