All Questions
10,241 questions
8
votes
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537
views
Reference request: Expository paper on the use of functional analysis in differential and integral equations
Some textbooks on functional analysis do not hint that a major raison d'être of the subject is its use in the study of differential and integral equations. The reader could go all the way through ...
8
votes
1
answer
228
views
Is the Borel lemma projection a smooth principal bundle?
Consider the Fréchet spaces $C^\infty(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ and $\mathbb{R}^\infty$, and the continuous linear map
$$
J\colon C^\infty(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) \to \mathbb{R}^\infty
$$
returning the ...
- 35.5k
8
votes
1
answer
360
views
Is Hausdorffness a categorical property in the category of locally convex spaces?
I want to characterize Hausdorffness of a locally convex space only using categorical terms of the additive category LCS of locally convex spaces and continuous linear maps, i.e., terms like mono- or ...
- 16.5k
8
votes
1
answer
734
views
Almost Arzela Ascoli
Definitions:
We say a sequence of continuous functions $f_n: [0, 1] \to \mathbb R$ is equicontinuous on average if for every $x \in [0, 1]$ and $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists some $\delta > 0$ ...
- 6,223
8
votes
2
answers
496
views
Which complete orthomodular lattices arise from von Neumann algebras?
Let $A$ be a von Neumann algebra. Then a classic observation is that the set of projections $\Pi(A)$ is naturally a complete orthomodular lattice.
Question 1: Is the construction $A \mapsto \Pi(A)$ a ...
- 64k
8
votes
1
answer
162
views
closed ideals in L(L_1)
Denote $L_1=L_1[0,1]$ The lattice of closed ideals in $\mathcal{L}(L_1)$ includes the chain
$$
\{0\}\subsetneq\mathcal{K}(L_1)\subsetneq\mathcal{FS}(L_1)
\subsetneq\mathcal{J}_{\ell_1}(L_1)\subsetneq\...
- 1,591
8
votes
2
answers
640
views
Does a random sequence of vectors span a Hilbert space?
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a separable Hilbert space. Let $v$ be a random variable taking values in $\mathcal{H}$ such that $P(v \perp h) < 1$ for all $h \in \mathcal{H}.$ Suppose we sample an infinite ...
- 1,429
8
votes
1
answer
548
views
Maps which are both completely positive and positive
Definition:A linear map $f:\mathbb C^n\to \mathbb C^n$ is called positive if $\langle fa,a\rangle\ge0$ for all $a\in \mathbb C^n$. Equivalently, $f\in M_{n}(\mathbb C)$ is positive if it can be ...
- 43.2k
8
votes
2
answers
739
views
How does a statistical divergence change under a Lipschitz push-forward map?
Let $\mu, \nu$ be two probability measures on a space $X$ (assume Polish space).
$T: X \rightarrow Y$ is a Lipschitz-map that acts as a push-forward on these measures; let $\mu^\prime = T_{\#\mu}$ and ...
- 615
8
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Is Hilbert–Schmidt and Frobenius norm the same?
From the definition on $\Bbb R$ those two norm are the same:
the Frobenius norm,
the Hilbert-Schmidt norm.
Is there some difference (on $\Bbb C$) or historical reason for two names for the same ...
- 197
8
votes
2
answers
887
views
Sum of the norm of polynomials
Let $\bar D$ denote the closed unit disc in the complex plane.
Consider the function $f:\bar D\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}$, defined as $f(z)=z$ for all $z\in \bar D$.
Let $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For $1\leq ...
- 355
8
votes
1
answer
576
views
On the definition of Hilbert spaces and real structures on Hilbert spaces
Let us consider the space $L^2:=L^2(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{C})$ and the associated scalar product $S(f,g):=\int f \overline g$. In distribution theory, we have a situation where we have to deal with two ...
- 506
8
votes
1
answer
421
views
$C^k$ one-parameter family of metrics
Consider a smooth Riemannian manifold $M$ and a $C^k$ one-parameter family of Riemannian metrics $g_t$ on $M$. Here $k$ could be any integer, $k$ could be infinity, when the one-parameter family $g_t$ ...
- 1,407
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Topologies on spaces of distributions and test functions
Let $X$ be an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$. Following the notation of Schwartz, we denote $\mathcal{D}$ the space of compactly supported complex-valued smooth functions on $X$ equipped with the ...
- 540
8
votes
1
answer
505
views
Examples of topologies compatible with a given dual pair
Let $\langle X, Y \rangle$ be a pair of vector spaces put in duality by a non-degenerate bilinear form $\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle: X \times Y \to \mathbb{R}$. A topology $\tau$ on $X$ is called ...
- 5,824
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Equivalent Norms for the Dual of Sobolev / Bessel Spaces
Using standard notation, we refer to $H^s(\mathbb R) = W^{s,2}(\mathbb R)$ to be the Sobolev Hilbert spaces. As is often the case, it's natural to then consider properties of functions in $H^s(\mathbb ...
- 289
8
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1
answer
571
views
Is $\ell^\infty$ Polishable?
Consider $\ell^\infty$ as a subspace of the Polish space $\mathbb{R}^\omega$. It is easy to check that $\ell^\infty$ is not Polish in the subspace topology, as it is countable union of the compact ...
- 3,115
8
votes
1
answer
1k
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A reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis
I am studying Sieve theory from Iwaniec's notes. I have come across a theorem which estimates $\varphi(x,N)=\#\{1\leq n \leq x:(n,N)=1\}$, where $N$ is product of distinct primes.
Let's define $R(x,...
- 1,692
8
votes
2
answers
583
views
Does every operator from a Hilbert space to $L^0$ factor through a canonical one?
Let $A:H\to L^0(S, \mu)$ be a continuous operator from a Hilbert space to the space of (equivalence classes of) measurable functions on a probability measure space $S$ with convergence in measure. Let'...
- 4,010
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Fastest decay of Fourier Transform for Generalized Functions of compact support
What is the fastest decay possible for the Fourier transform of a generalized function with compact support and finite value at the origin? I know that regular functions cannot attain exponential ...
- 83
8
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1
answer
656
views
When is the adjoint of a hypoelliptic operator also hypoelliptic?
Suppose that $M$ is a smooth manifold with a measure $\mu$ and let $L^2(M, \mu)$ be a space of all square-integrable functions on $M$.
Recall that $L$ is a hypoelliptic differential operator if for ...
- 329
8
votes
1
answer
713
views
Factoring operators $L_\infty \longrightarrow L_2$ as the composition of $n$ strictly singular operators, $n\in \mathbb{N}$
Motivation and background This question is motivated by the problem of classifying the (two-sided) closed ideals of the Banach algebra $\mathcal{B}(L_\infty)$ of all (bounded, linear) operators on $L_\...
- 2,378
8
votes
1
answer
496
views
A fractional weighted Poincaré inequality
Does there exists a constant $C>0$ such that
$$ \int_{-1}^1 \lvert x\rvert\lvert\partial_x u\rvert^2 \,dx \geq C\, \lVert u\rVert^2_{H^{1/2}((-1,1))},$$
for all $u\in C^{\infty}_0((-1,1))$?
- 4,153
8
votes
1
answer
642
views
Reference Request: Arzelà-Ascoli for Hölder norm
I'm studying the Banach Space of Hölder continuous functions $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}^{+}$ with a parameter $\alpha$. In this space, I consider the usual Hölder norm $\|\cdot\|_\alpha$ and I'm looking ...
- 81
8
votes
1
answer
585
views
The closure of the set of injective continuous functions
Setup/Notation:
Let $n,m\in \mathbb{N}$ and let $C(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^m)$ be the space of continuous functions from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}^m$ equipped with the compact-open topology. Let $...
- 5,405
8
votes
2
answers
297
views
Averaging the mass of a Sobolev function $f\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)$ near $\partial\Omega$
Recently, I asked a somewhat related question here. In the comment section, I found the formula
$$
\lim_{r\to 0}\frac{1}{r}\int_{\Omega_r} f(x)\,dx = \int_{\partial \Omega}f(\sigma)\,d\mathcal{H}^{n-1}...
- 1,245
8
votes
1
answer
393
views
A question about comparison of positive self-adjoint operators
I have the following question but have no idea on its proof (one direction is trivial):
Let $A$ and $B$ be (bounded) positive self-adjoint operators on a complex Hilbert space $H$. Prove that
$$\...
- 1,906
8
votes
1
answer
172
views
Distance between subalgebras and positive elements in matrices
I repost here from stackexchange, as I was not given an answer there. (https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2956530/distance-between-subalgebras-and-commutants-in-matrix-algebras)
This is a ...
8
votes
1
answer
1k
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Non-existence of continuous extension of continuous linear operator defined on non-dense subspace
Bounded Extension from Dense Subspace Theorem. Suppose that $Μ$ is a dense subspace of a normed space $X$, that $Y$ is a Banach space, and that $T_0: Μ \to Y$ is a bounded linear operator. Then there ...
- 469
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
VC dimension, fat-shattering dimension, and other complexity measures, of a class BV functions
I wish to show that a function which is "essentially constant" (defined shortly) can't be a good classifier (machine learning). For this i need to estimate the "complexity" of such a class of ...
- 6,853
8
votes
2
answers
849
views
Is the Gaussian Correlation Inequality universal?
T. Royen proved the Gaussian correlation inequality in the context of Gamma distributions back in 2014, which was since popularized by Latala and Matlak. The properties of Gaussian integration seem ...
- 4,466
8
votes
1
answer
353
views
$E_n(\ell^\infty)=SL_n(\ell^\infty)$?
Let $R$ be a commutative unital ring $R$ with unit element $1$.
For $n\in \mathbb{N}=\{1,2,3,\cdots\}$, let $SL_n(R)$ be the group of all $n\times n$ matrices with entries from $R$ having ...
- 81
8
votes
1
answer
586
views
Counterexample to Riesz representation for Hilbert modules
For a Hilbert space $H$, the Riesz representation theorem states that $H$ is isomorphic to its dual $H^*$ via $x \mapsto \langle x, -\rangle$.
It is often stated in the literature that this does not ...
- 659
8
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Fractional Sobolev spaces and interpolation in unbounded Lipschitz domains
I am not really familiar with the topic, thus I am looking for some references about the following problem.
Let $s>0$ be a positive real and let $p\in(1,+\infty)$. We define the Bessel Potential ...
- 81
8
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Is the p-norm of a matrix strictly log-convex?
Let $A$ be a $n\times n$-matrix. We let $\|A\|_p$ denote the norm of $A$ when considered as a linear operator on $\ell^p(\{1,2,\ldots,n\})$, that is,
$$
\|A\|_p = \sup_{x\neq 0}\frac{\|Ax\|_p}{\|x\|_p}...
- 3,497
8
votes
1
answer
394
views
Origin of the term Riesz Basis
The term Riesz basis is in wide use for the image of an orthonormal basis in a Hilbert space under a bounded invertible map (there are lots of equivalent definitions). But I've been unable to find ...
- 827
8
votes
2
answers
289
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Distortion of tree embedding in Alexandrov spaces
It is a well-known theorem first proved by Bourgain that any map $\varphi:T_n\to H$ from the binary tree of height $n$ to a Hilbert space has distortion at least $C \sqrt{\ln n}$ where $C$ is a ...
- 14.4k
8
votes
1
answer
434
views
Self-dual finite-dimensional complex normed spaces
Suppose $X$ is a complex normed space of dimension 2 or 3 and $X$ is isometrically isomorphic to its dual. Is $X$ a Hilbert space?
Remarks: There are easy counterexamples in the real case, and in ...
- 11.4k
8
votes
2
answers
464
views
Direct proof of "K is projective iff C(K) has the Hahn-Banach property" ?
An object $X$ of a given category is called projective if for each morphism $f : X \rightarrow Z$, and each epimorphism $ g : Y \twoheadrightarrow Z$, there is a morphism $h : X \rightarrow Y$ such ...
- 7,249
8
votes
1
answer
1k
views
derivative in the Wasserstein space
Villani gives the following formula to find the gradient of a function $F$ of a probability density function $\rho$ in the Wasserstein space :
$$\nabla_W F(\rho) = -\nabla.(\rho \nabla \frac{\delta F}{...
- 481
8
votes
1
answer
2k
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Recent progress on Bochner-Riesz conjecture
Consider the family of operators $T_\delta$, $\delta \geq 0$, defined on $\mathbb{R}^n$ by
$
\widehat{T_\delta f}(\xi) = (1-|\xi|^2)_+^\delta \widehat{f}(\xi).
$
($(1-|\xi|^2)_+^\delta$ are known as ...
- 505
8
votes
1
answer
612
views
Is the set of exponentials open?
Let $A$ be a $C^*$-algebra or some norm-closed algebra of operators on a Hilbert space.
In the old paper
Hille, E. On Roots and Logarithms of Elements of a Complex Banach Algebra, Math. Annalen, ...
- 25.5k
8
votes
1
answer
446
views
Parallelogram law for vectors of equal length
Does the parallelogram law for vectors of equal length imply the full parallelogram law? That is,
if for all norm one vectors $x$ and $y$ in a Banach space $X$ it holds that $\lVert x-y\rVert^2+\lVert ...
- 1,361
8
votes
1
answer
311
views
Laplacian spectrum asymptotics in neck stretching
Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold. Let $S \subset M$ be a smooth hypersurface separating $M$ into two components. Let $g_T$ be a family of Riemannian metric obtained by stretching along $S$, i....
- 1,207
8
votes
2
answers
323
views
Matrix rescaling increases lowest eigenvalue?
Consider the set $\mathbf{N}:=\left\{1,2,....,N \right\}$ and let $$\mathbf M:=\left\{ M_i; M_i \subset \mathbf N \text{ such that } \left\lvert M_i \right\rvert=2 \text{ or }\left\lvert M_i \right\...
- 225
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Division of Distributions by Polynomials
Let $P(z)$ be a non-null complex polynomial in $n$ variables $z=(z_1,\dots,z_n)$:
\begin{equation}
P(z)=\sum_{|\alpha| \leq N} c_{\alpha} z^{\alpha},
\end{equation}
where as usual for every $\alpha=(\...
- 642
8
votes
2
answers
630
views
Extracting subsequences in Banach spaces, along an ultrafilter?
There are various principles in Banach space theory that allow one to pass from a given sequence of vectors $(x_n)$, to a subsequence $(x_{n_k})$ with some desired property. I'm thinking here, in ...
- 3,115
8
votes
1
answer
261
views
A generalisation of $C_0$-semigroups
A $C_0$-semigroup is a strongly continuous family $\{T(t)\}$ of bounded linear operators on a normed space $X$, indexed in $\mathbb R_+$ and with two additional properties that make it look like an ...
- 3,388
8
votes
1
answer
356
views
Proving a certain $ C^{*} $-algebraic inequality
Let $ A $ be a non-unital $ C^{*} $-algebra. Is there an ‘elementary’ way to prove, for all $ (a,\lambda) \in A \times \mathbb{C} $, the inequality
$$
|\lambda| \leq \sup_{b \in A, ~ \| b \| \leq 1} \|...
- 1,396
8
votes
1
answer
548
views
Product of commuting nonnegative operators
Let $V$ be a real vector space with an inner product and $A,B : V \to V$ linear maps which are self-adjoint nonnegative-definite, i.e. $\langle Ax,y \rangle = \langle x,Ay \rangle$ and $\langle Ax,x \...
- 63.1k