All Questions
5,657 questions
7
votes
1
answer
313
views
Real analyticity of continuous function via restriction to analytic curves
Suppose $X\subset \mathbb R^n$ is an irreducible real analytic sub-variety (i.e. the set of solutions of a system $f_1=\ldots=f_k=0$ with $f_i$ analytic)
Let $x\in X$ be a point and let $F: X\to \...
- 14.3k
7
votes
1
answer
690
views
Eventually almost periodic functions
Call a function $f: [0, \infty) \to \mathbb R$ eventually almost periodic with period $p > 0$ if for all $x \in [0, p)$, the sequence ${f(x + np)}_{n \in \mathbb N}$ converges.
Suppose $f: [0, \...
- 2,069
7
votes
1
answer
552
views
Dominated convergence 2.0?
During my research, I came across the following question.
Let $(f_n)_n$ be a sequence in $C^2([0,1])$ converging pointwise to $g \in L^1([0,1])$. Assume that:
$\forall n\in\mathbb N, f_n''<h$, ...
- 4,074
7
votes
3
answers
369
views
Does a certain contractive mapping have a fixed point?
Let $f:X\rightarrow X$ be a contractive mapping of a complete metric space satisfying
$$d(f(x),f(y))\leq\alpha(d(x,y))d(x,y)$$
where $\alpha:\mathbf{R}^+\rightarrow [0,1)$, and $\alpha(t_n)\rightarrow ...
- 169
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Fourier transform surjective on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $p \in (1,2)$?
I know that $F_2:L^2 \rightarrow L^2$ is of course unitary, whereas $F_1:L^1 \rightarrow C_0$ is injective but not surjective. This can be seen by looking at the dual map.
Riesz-Thorin gives us that ...
- 85
7
votes
1
answer
226
views
Unusual isoperimetry and maximizing the measure of unions of translates of a set
Let me state a standard result first. Let a $A\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a set of fixed volume. Define $A_t$ to be the set of all points at distance at most $t$ from $A$. Then the volume of $A_t$ is ...
- 2,288
7
votes
1
answer
308
views
Can the integral of a "generic" bounded measurable function be determined by its values on the rationals?
[This question is an extension of my question Does a positive-measure subset of the unit interval almost surely intersect a random translation of some countable subgroup of $\mathbb{R}$?. I'm asking ...
- 708
7
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Gross's log Sobolev inequality proof with variational calculus?
For $f\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, Gross's logarithmic Sobolev inequality says that
$$\int f^{2} \log f^{2}\,d\mu -\int f^{2}\,d\mu \log\left(\int f^{2}\,d\mu\right)\leq \frac{2}{c}\int |\nabla f|^{2}...
- 5,474
7
votes
1
answer
876
views
A curious definite integral
I was playing around with $\mathcal{I}=\int_0^1\text{frac}({\frac{1}{x^n}}) dx$, where $\text{frac(.)}$ is the fractional part function, and I discovered that
$$
\mathcal{I} =
\begin{cases}
\frac{1}{...
- 829
7
votes
4
answers
1k
views
The non-convergence of f(f(x))=exp(x)-1 and labeled rooted trees
This question is closely related to MO f(f(x))=exp(x)-1 and other functions “just in the middle” between linear and exponential. Consider $e^{e^x-1}$, this is the generating function of the Bell ...
user37691
7
votes
2
answers
505
views
The set of non-smooth points of a convex function is (m - 1)-rectifiable
I am looking for a reference to the following result.
Let $f:\mathbb R^m\to\mathbb R$ be a convex function.
Then $f$ is differentiable at all points of outside of a countable union of $(m-1)$-...
- 45k
7
votes
2
answers
592
views
Prove that the following function is positive
Consider the following function:
$$K(x, y; t) = \sum_{n \geq 0} \frac{e^{-(2n+1)t}}{\sqrt{\pi} 2^n n!} H_n(x) H_n(y) \exp\left(-\frac{(x^2 + y^2)}{2}\right)
$$
This is Mehler's kernel, and can be ...
- 90
7
votes
1
answer
2k
views
$\sum a_n = 0$ but $\sum \frac{a_n}{n} = \infty$
I'm hoping to find an explicit construction for a sequence such that $\sum a_n = 0$ but $\sum \frac{a_n}{n} = \infty$, or a proof that one cannot exist. So far, I have a good idea of how we can ...
- 1,730
7
votes
1
answer
426
views
Nondifferentiable convex function whose subdifferential admits a continuous selection
Is there a convex function $F$ that is not differentiable, but whose subdifferential admits a continuous selection, i.e. a continuous $g$ with $g(x) \in \partial F(x)$ for all $x$ in the domain?
In ...
- 4,529
7
votes
2
answers
422
views
Construction of Dedekind reals using higher inductive-inductive types
In the textbook Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics, the authors give a predicative constructive construction of the initial Cauchy complete reals $\mathbb{R}_C$ in terms of a ...
user173426
7
votes
2
answers
340
views
Sum of $\sin$ when angles shrink by $1/n$
There are many identities known like
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sin (k \cdot \theta + \varphi) = \frac{\sin\left(n \cdot \frac{\theta}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{2 \...
- 749
7
votes
1
answer
754
views
Closed convex hull in infinite dimensions vs. continuous convex combinations
tl;dr: When is the closed convex hull of a set $K$ equal to the set of "continuous" convex combinations of $K$?
I am essentially asking for the most general, infinite-dimensional analogue of ...
- 71
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Properties of convolutions
Consider the function
$$f_{n}(x)=e^{-x^2}x^n.$$
and the function
$$h_p(x):=e^{-\vert x \vert^p}.$$
My goal is to analyze
$$ F_p(y):=\frac{(f_2*h_p)(y)}{(f_0*h_p)(y)}- \left(\frac{(f_1*h_p)(y) }{(f_0*...
- 173
7
votes
1
answer
321
views
Taylor's polynomials and loss of real roots
Real-rootedness, log-concavity, and unimodality are intertwined properties. It's in this light that I was prompted to ask the question below.
Suppose the roots of a polynomial $p(x)$ are all real and ...
- 43.2k
7
votes
2
answers
298
views
Bound on sum of coefficients of polynomials w.r.t a weighted integral
Fix $k\in\mathbb{N}$ and assume $f(x)$ is a real polynomial of degree $n$ such that we have the normalization
$$\int_{-1}^1f(x)^2\,(1-x)^kdx=1.$$
I am interested in the optimal size of the sum of the ...
- 43.2k
7
votes
1
answer
407
views
A conjecture on writing a function as a sum of uncountably many points
Define the sum of the non-negative numbers $\{r_s \mid s \in S\}$ $S$ uncountable to be
$$\sup _{D \subseteq S} \sum _{d \in D} r_d$$
($D$ being finite), which exists if this supremum is finite.
...
- 71
7
votes
1
answer
337
views
Flows in Hilbert spaces
Let $\varphi: [0,T] \rightarrow H$ be a Hilbert space valued $C^1$-function. Let $H = X \oplus X^{\perp}$ such that $\varphi(0) \in X$ and the implication $\varphi(t) \in X \Rightarrow \varphi'(t) \in ...
- 83
7
votes
2
answers
626
views
The tangent curve to Bessel functions?
Consider a function from the Bessel family, for concreteness say $f(x) := J_0(x)$, depicted in blue below (the question can be asked for any order of the first or second kind):
I'm interested in the ...
- 1,324
7
votes
1
answer
304
views
Argument principle for matrices
Let $f,g$ be entire functions, then the argument principle teaches us that
$$\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\mathbb{C}} g(z) \frac{f'(z)}{f(z)} dz$$
is equal to $g$ evaluated at the zeros of $f.$
Now, let ...
- 167
7
votes
1
answer
497
views
Inequality of the norm of the convolution in $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with symmetric decreasing rearrangement?
Is it true that
$$
||f*g||_p \le ||\,|f|^* * |g|^*||_p\quad ?
$$
where $|f|^*$ and $|g|^*$ are the symmetric decreasing rearrangements of the functions $|f|$ and $|g|$. Under what conditions on $f$ ...
- 193
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Baire Category Theorem Application
In Antoine Henrot Michel Pierre -
Variation et optimisation de formes, Une analyse geometrique, a book I'm studying I found an interesting problem. The problem is listed below. The first 3 points of ...
- 2,222
7
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Hanner's inequalities: the intuition behind them
Hanner's inequalities in the theory of $L^p$ spaces (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanner's_inequalities) look hard to come-up with at the first glance. Their proof (say, the one in Lieb & Loss ...
- 5,019
7
votes
5
answers
514
views
Probability of $\operatorname{Bin}(n,p)=\operatorname{Bin}(n,q)$ is decreasing when $n$ increases
$\newcommand{\Bin}{\operatorname{Bin}}$I would like to show that $\mathbb P(\operatorname{Binomial}(n,p) = \operatorname{Binomial}(n,q))$ decreases when $n$ increases for a fixed pair $(p,q)$. This ...
- 243
7
votes
1
answer
271
views
Can a differentiable function be nowhere locally $\alpha$-Hölder for all $\alpha > 0$?
Does there exist a real valued function on $[0, 1]$ that is differentiable everywhere, but for every $\alpha > 0$ is nowhere locally $\alpha$-Hölder continuous? That is, it is not $\alpha$-Hölder ...
- 6,215
7
votes
1
answer
355
views
High dimensional Fekete's subadditive lemma: does $|\vec x_{n+m}|\leq |\vec x_n+\vec x_m|$ imply the convergence of $\{\vec x_n/n\}$?
Let $d\geq 1$ be a positive integer. If $\{\vec x_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is a sequence of $d$-dimensional vectors satisfying $$\lvert\vec x_{n+m}\rvert\leq \lvert\vec x_n+\vec x_m\rvert\qquad \text{for all ...
- 517
7
votes
1
answer
370
views
Duality of $H^1$ and BMO
While proving that the dual of $H^1$ is $BMO$ in Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals, page 143, Stein says that we have $\left\Vert g \right\Vert_{H^1} \...
- 71
7
votes
1
answer
805
views
Can I cover a compact set by balls {B} such that {2B} has bounded overlap?
Suppose I have a compact set $K \subset B_1(0) \subset \mathbb{R}^n$. Can I always find a family of open balls $\{B_{r_j}(x_j)\}$ such that
$x_j \in K$ and $B_{r_j}(x_j) \subset B_1(0)$ for each $j$;
...
- 1,179
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Differentiability of the distance function from a (variable) point to a (fixed) set
The distance of from a point $x$ to a set $A$ is defined by
$$ d(x,S) = \inf\{d(x,a)\mid a\in A\}, $$
where you may choose the setting to be $\mathbb R^n$,
a Banach space or a complete metric space.
...
- 8,481
7
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Maximize $L^p$ norm over sphere
For $p \in \mathbb{R}$, consider the function
$$F_p(\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n) = \lambda_1^p + \dots + \lambda_n^p.$$
My goal is to maximize this function under the constraints that
$$ \lambda_1^2 +...
- 9,853
7
votes
1
answer
683
views
The Gauss Circle Problem asymptotic in dimension
The circle problem in $k$ dimensions: "For $n>0$, how many points $z\in \ \mathbb{Z}^k$ have $\|z\|^2\leq n$?"
For large $n$, the answer is $\approx n^{k/2}\cdot \operatorname{Vol}(B^k(0,1))+\...
7
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Upper semicontinuity of set-valued maps with open values
Let $X$ and $Y$ be metric spaces. The $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-definition of continuity of single-valued maps can be rephrased as:
Let $f$ be a single-valued map from $X$ to $Y$. $f$ is continuous at ...
- 183
7
votes
3
answers
385
views
On what kind of condition of a compact set $K$ in the plane, $C(K)$ has a generator?
Let $K\subset \Bbb{C}$ be a compact subset of the complex plane, and let $C(K)$ be the space of all complex continuous functions on $K$.
We say that $f\in C(K)$ is a generator of $C(K)$ when the set $...
- 185
7
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Topology in space of test functions $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ and space of distributions $\mathcal{D}'(\Omega)$
We can concluded that $\mathcal{D}(\Omega):=\bigcup_{K \in \mathcal{K}(\Omega)} \mathcal{D}_K(\Omega)$ (where $\mathcal{K}(\Omega)$ denotes the union of all compacts set content in a open subset $\...
- 589
7
votes
1
answer
306
views
Measure of chords from a cantor set
The following problem is inspired by a problem in Pugh's Mathematical Analysis book. (Chapter 2 Problem 42).
In the problem he asks one to consider the standard Cantor set on the unit interval, and ...
- 1,187
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
The closed form of $\sum_{n=2}^\infty(-1)^{n+1}\frac{\psi(n)}n\log(n)$
The following series I'm interested in $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty(-1)^{n+1}\frac{\psi(n)}n\log(n)$$
where $\psi(n)$ is digamma function
arose in the evaluation of an integral I posted on MSE, https://...
- 253
7
votes
1
answer
397
views
Fourier expansion of Takagi-function (everywhere non differentiable function).
Let us consider Takagi-function defined by
$T(x) \colon\!= \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}s(2^nx)/2^n$,
where $s(x) \colon\!\!= \underset{n \in {\Bbb Z}}{\mathrm{min}} \,|x-n|$.
$T(x)$ has its period $1$, so ...
- 181
7
votes
1
answer
463
views
Optimality of p-Lebesgue Differentiation Theorem for Sobolev Functions
This is the third question in a series whose purpose has been to flesh out an example of the optimality of the p-Lebesgue differentiation theorem for Sobolev functions. This theorem says that for $f \...
- 882
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Can a continuous, nowhere differentiable function have specified "shape" at every point?
I'm a bit embarrassed to admit that:
a) This is a rather unmotivated question.
b) I can't remember whether or not I've asked this before, but searching doesn't seem to turn anything up so ...
...
- 793
7
votes
1
answer
290
views
Equivalence of omniscience principles for natural numbers and analytic omniscience principles for Cauchy real numbers
In constructive mathematics, a proposition $P$ is decidable if $P \vee \neg P$, and a proposition is stable if $\neg \neg P \implies P$. We have the following principles of omniscience for the natural ...
- 2,624
7
votes
1
answer
268
views
A differential equation governing compositional inversion
Looking for references for the following theorem.
Given the formal Taylor series/exponential generating function
$$T(z) = \sum_{n \ge 1} a_n \; \frac{z^n}{n!},$$
for which the indeterminates $a_n$ and ...
- 10.5k
7
votes
1
answer
246
views
Currents in sub-Riemannian geometry
Federer and Fleming's notion of "currents" is well established so far, and starting from the seminal work of Ambrosio and Kirchheim, the notion of metric currents is well studied also. The ...
- 215
7
votes
1
answer
546
views
Explicit isomorphism between $L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $L^2(\mathbb{R})$?
As Hilbert spaces, $L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ are isomorphic. Of course the isomoprhism is vastly not unique. I wonder if there are any particularly nice explicit isomorphisms. E.g. I ...
- 679
7
votes
1
answer
352
views
Tight upper bounds on trigonometric polynomials
According to D. Hajela's chapter in Open Problems in Communications and Computation the following question was open as of the late 1980s. I have been unable to find any references so any results or ...
- 10.4k
7
votes
1
answer
524
views
continued fraction for logarithmic integral
Does the logarithmic integral function $\operatorname{li}(x)$ have the continued fraction expansion
$$\operatorname{li}(x) = \cfrac{x}{\log x -1 -{}} \ \cfrac{1}{\log x -3 -{}} \ \cfrac{4}{\log x -...
- 4,985
7
votes
1
answer
211
views
Isoperimetric type inequality in $\mathbb{R}^2$
Fix $L \in (0,\infty)$ and consider $\mathcal{C}_L$ defined as follows:
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{C}_L := \{ \gamma:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2 |~ \gamma \text{ is smooth and length($\gamma$)$=L$ }\}....
- 399