All Questions
5,909 questions
4
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answers
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Proofs of the second fundamental theorem of calculus
I am referring to the following version of the theorem, in the setting of the Lebesgue integral.
Theorem Let $f: [a,b] \rightarrow \bf R$ be an everywhere differentiable function whose derivative is ...
- 105k
1
vote
1
answer
310
views
inequality involving increasing functions
Let $a_k$ and $b_k$ be ascending positive numbers for $1\leq k \leq K+1$.
If it is known that
$$\frac{K\left(\exp\left(\frac{1}{K}\sum_{k=1}^K b_k\right)-1\right)}{\left(\sum_{k=1}^K \sqrt{a_k} \sqrt{\...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
138
views
Moment problem with wrong solution
I will write a problem with an answer that apparently is wrong. My question would be what is wrong with this solution.
Define $$B(s)=\sum_{i=0}^s{{2\,s-i-1\choose s-1}\frac {i}{s}{5}^{i}{2}^{s-i}}$$ ...
- 105k
2
votes
1
answer
341
views
Lebesgue measure of the set $\frac{1+x}{1+y}$ with $x,y$ in a fat Cantor
Let $I_\alpha\subset[0,1]$ be an $\alpha$-Cantor set of Lebesgue measure $\alpha$ and let $I=I_\alpha+\{1\}=\{1+x:x\in I_\alpha\}$.
Q1. What is the Lebesgue measure of the set $\{\frac{t}{s}:t,s\in I\...
46
votes
2
answers
8k
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"Closed-form" functions with half-exponential growth
Let's call a function f:N→N half-exponential if there exist constants 1<c<d such that for all sufficiently large n,
cn < f(f(n)) < dn.
Then my question is this: can we prove that no ...
CommunityBot
- 1
3
votes
1
answer
167
views
Recovering residue using local real information
Let $f(z)$ be defined by a Laurent series at z = 0 with real coefficients. In particular, $f(x) \in \mathbb{R}$ for $x \in \mathbb R$.
Compute the residue of $f(z)$ at z = 0 using just the ...
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15
votes
0
answers
510
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Lebesgue density 1/2 (or bounded away from 0 and 1)
From the work of Preiss, we know that in infinite-dimensional spaces, one has violations of the Lebesgue density theorem. In particular, he has constructed examples of probability spaces where a set ...
- 6,541
3
votes
1
answer
276
views
Nowhere dense set with high multiplicity
For a subset $S\subset[0,1]$ with $0<|S|<1$ ($|S|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $S$) we define the multiplicity function of order $n$ $m_{n,S}:[0,1] \rightarrow \{0,1,\ldots,n\}$ in the following ...
- 42.8k
2
votes
0
answers
881
views
Why does a convex function have to have a convex domain? [closed]
Other than convenience in convex optimization, is there a reason that the definition of a convex function includes the requirement for the domain to be a convex set?
- 121
8
votes
1
answer
576
views
On the definition of Hilbert spaces and real structures on Hilbert spaces
Let us consider the space $L^2:=L^2(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{C})$ and the associated scalar product $S(f,g):=\int f \overline g$. In distribution theory, we have a situation where we have to deal with two ...
- 42.8k
2
votes
1
answer
210
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asymptotic estimate for log-tan sum
I am finding the following first order estimate.
Question. As $y\rightarrow\infty$,
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\log n}n\,\arctan\frac{y}n\,\,
\sim\,\,\frac{\pi}4\log^2y.$$
Is it true?
CommunityBot
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16
votes
2
answers
528
views
Lipschitz constant for map between triangles
Let $T_1$ and $T_2$ be any two euclidean triangles with labeled sides. The sides are labeled respectively $e_1^1,e_2^1,e_3^1$ and $e_1^2,e_2^2,e_3^2$. Call $A:T_1\rightarrow T_2$ the affine map which ...
- 352
9
votes
1
answer
2k
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Alternative proof of a theorem of Riesz
My question is not research level, but I have not received any feedback on Mathstack; so I am posting it here. I am aware of the traditional proof of the Riesz Theorem that relates linear functionals ...
- 3,816
1
vote
1
answer
211
views
Representation of Hilbert transform by a singular integral
Hilbert transform defines as follow:
$$ H: L^2(\mathbb R) \to L^2(\mathbb R) $$
$$ H(f)= \mathcal{F}^{-1}[{F(\gamma) \mathrm{sign}(\gamma)]}$$
Where $F(\gamma)= \mathcal{F}(f) (\gamma)= \...
- 43.2k
-3
votes
1
answer
451
views
Exponential decay of kernel
Let $A: \ell^2 \rightarrow \ell^2$ be a bounded operator given by
\begin{equation}
(Au)(\alpha) = \sum_{\beta}A(\alpha,\beta)u(\beta)
\end{equation}
where $\left|A(\alpha,\beta) \right|\le Ce^{-|\...
- 79.9k
2
votes
0
answers
139
views
Existence of solution of a variational inequality
Let $K\subseteq \mathbb{R} ^n$ be closed and convex, and let $F:K \to \mathbb R^n $ be a continuous function. If for every $x,y \in K$ we have $$(x-y)^T(F(x)-F(y))\ge \alpha ||x-y||^2 \, ;\quad \...
- 24.2k
2
votes
1
answer
800
views
Interpolation in Sobolev spaces
Let $H^s$, $0\leq s<\infty$ be the $L^2$ based Sobolev spaces such that
$$
\hat{f}(\xi)(1+|\xi|^2)^{s/2} \in L^2.
$$
Let $r_1,r_2,p_1,p_2>0$ be given parameters. Assume that a linear operator $...
CommunityBot
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3
votes
1
answer
331
views
Solving recurrent relation
I have the following recurrent relation and I want to find a close form of it if it exists at all.
$$
P_n = (1-p)^{n-1}P_{n-1} + \sum\limits_{k=2}^{n} \binom{n-1}{k-1} p^{\binom{k}{2}} (1-p)^{k(n-k)} ...
- 60.6k
3
votes
0
answers
97
views
Dimension of a graph
Is it true that the graph of a function $\varphi:\mathbb [0,1]\to\mathbb R$ which is discontinuous at each $x$, has lower box dimension strictly greater than one?
If not, what extra condition do we ...
- 2,135
4
votes
2
answers
672
views
When does this linear matrix equation have a unique symmetric, positive definite solution?
I encountered the following matrix equation for $A, N, Q \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ and $A^T=-A$ and $N^T=-N$
$$[X,A]+N^TXN+Q = 0$$
where $Q$ is symmetric, positive definite. My final goal is to ...
9
votes
3
answers
934
views
local behavior of a finite Borel measure
Let $\mu$ be a finite Borel measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. I am interested in how does $\mu(B(x,r))$ behave, where $B(x,r)$ is the open ball of radius $r$ centered at $x$. For instance, as far as I recall,...
- 10.3k
4
votes
1
answer
393
views
Locally doubling measures
Let us say that a measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ is locally doubling if for each
$x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ there is a constant $C(x)$ such that for all $r>0$,
$\mu(B(x,2r)) \le C(x) \mu(B(x,r))$,
where $...
- 43.2k
7
votes
2
answers
470
views
Continuous functions and infinity
Suppose $f(x)$ is continuous on $\mathbb{R}$, for $\forall \delta>0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}, \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}f(x+n\delta)=+\infty$. Is it correct that $\lim_{x\rightarrow+\infty}f(x)=+\...
- 183
1
vote
1
answer
186
views
Almost binomial sum limit
I got the following sum with which I want to prove one limit fact:
$$
f_n(a) = \sum\limits_{t=0}^{n-1} \binom{n-1}{t} (a^t)^{n-t}
$$
I want to prove that $f_n(a) \to 1$ while $n \to \infty$ for $a\...
- 342
1
vote
1
answer
2k
views
On the derivative of a distance function
I have a question about the derivative of a distance function.
Let $D \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be a connected and unbounded open subset with smooth boundary. $B(z,r)$ denotes the open ball of radius $...
- 201
4
votes
1
answer
264
views
Density of the max set of a non-differentiable function
For $f : [0;1] \to \mathbb{R}$, let $M_f := \{x \in [0;1] \mid f(x)$ is a local strict maximum of $f\}$. It is easy to see that for any $f$, $M_f$ is at most countable. It is also easy to see that ...
- 4,679
1
vote
1
answer
161
views
Proof of Convergence + Identifying Probability Distribution
I'm trying to prove that the series below converges to 1 and I noticed it looked strikingly similar to a probability distribution I once saw. My question is twofold:
Can anyone identify the ...
- 54.2k
5
votes
0
answers
170
views
operation on Ord., Exp., Dri. generating functions
The ordinary, exponential and Dirichlet generating functions for a sequence $\{a_n\}_{n\geq0}$ are given (at least on the formal side), respectively, by
$$F(x)=\sum_{n\geq0}a_nx^n, \qquad E(x)=\sum_{n\...
- 43.2k
14
votes
2
answers
808
views
Integral of power of binomials equal to sum of power of binomials?
Inspired by this MO question about integrating binomial coefficients and the answers, I was wondering whether integrating powers of binomial coefficients also relates to the respective sums. And ...
CommunityBot
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votes
0
answers
93
views
What is the class of real sequences satisfying these conditions?
I'm interested in finding the class of the real sequences $u_{k}$, $k\in \mathbb{N^*}$ which satify the following conditions:
$\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{u_{k}}$ diverges i.e $\...
- 7,217
3
votes
0
answers
589
views
Norm in a product vector space induced by a norm in $\mathbb{R}^d$
I posted this question originally here (nobody answered there): https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2066318/is-the-following-function-a-norm
Let $\| \|$ be any norm in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Consider ...
CommunityBot
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7
votes
3
answers
369
views
Does a certain contractive mapping have a fixed point?
Let $f:X\rightarrow X$ be a contractive mapping of a complete metric space satisfying
$$d(f(x),f(y))\leq\alpha(d(x,y))d(x,y)$$
where $\alpha:\mathbf{R}^+\rightarrow [0,1)$, and $\alpha(t_n)\rightarrow ...
- 53.3k
3
votes
0
answers
119
views
Increasing sequence of closed subspaces of $L^2$ and error estimate of a product of orthogonal projections
We define an increasing sequence of closed subspaces
\begin{align*}
V_{0} \subset V_{1} \subset V_{\ell} \subset \dots
\end{align*}
of $L^2(I)$ where $I=(0,x_{max})$, and each $V_{\ell}$ is equipped ...
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1
vote
1
answer
114
views
Reference request: regularity of functionals on the space of probability measures
Let $\mathcal M=\mathcal M(\mathbb R^d)$ be the space of finite measures on $\mathbb R^d$, and $\mathcal P=\mathcal P(\mathbb R^d)\subset\mathcal M$ be the space of probability measures. Let $F:\...
CommunityBot
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2
votes
0
answers
92
views
Estimating the size of a subset of $\mathbb{R}^N$
This concrete geometric question has arisen out of the problem of counting arithmetic functions with a particular property. The details of the relationship between the counting procedure and this ...
- 2,480
3
votes
1
answer
363
views
"exchange" of real analyticity and integration
Sorry for the impreciseness of the title. It is merely meant for an analogy.
Exchange of limiting operations and integrations are basically derived from Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem. For ...
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2
votes
1
answer
290
views
Any viscosity solution must be the distance function?
Suppose $U \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ is open and bounded. Is it possible anybody could supply a simple proof that any viscosity solution of$$\begin{cases} |Du| = 1 & \text{in }U \\ u = 0 & \text{...
- 595
4
votes
1
answer
470
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Covering measure one sets by closed null sets
(The following question arose in a joint research with Adam Przeździecki and Boaz Tsaban.)
For a $\sigma$-ideal $\mathcal{I}$ of subsets of the unit interval
$[0,1]$, define
$$\newcommand{\card}[1]{\...
- 18.6k
1
vote
1
answer
1k
views
properties of orderd upper and lower semi continuous functions [closed]
$M$ is a compact space. Assume $f$ is upper semi-continuous on $M$, $g$ is lower semi-continuous on $M$, and $f(x) \geq g(x)$ for any $x\in M$.
If $f(x_0) = g(x_0) $ for some point $x_0\in M$,
is it ...
- 173
1
vote
0
answers
63
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Direct proof of fact $u \in C(U)$ satisfies $|Du| \ge 1$ in sense of viscosity if and only if property holds
Is it possible anybody could sketch me a direct proof of the fact that $u \in C(U)$ satisfies $|Du| \ge 1$ in the sense of viscosity if and only if the following property holds?
If $V \subseteq U$ is ...
- 349
3
votes
3
answers
233
views
sequencial shift on families =flipped powers. How?
Consider the following family of functions
$$f_n(w):=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k!}(k+n)^{k-1}w^k.$$
QUESTION 1. Does the following hold?
$$f_n(w)=-\frac1{n(f_{-1}(w))^n}.$$
Deeper ...
- 60.6k
1
vote
1
answer
392
views
Integral kernel smooth
Assume that $Tf(x):=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} K(x,y)f(y) dy$ is an operator such that $T \in L( H^{-k}, H^k)$ is continuous for any $k$, where $H^k$ is the $k-th$ order Sobolev space on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
...
- 16.2k
5
votes
2
answers
341
views
a modification on an infinite Bernoulli convolution
The distribution $\nu_{\lambda}$ of the random series $\sum\pm\lambda^n$ is the infinite convolution product of $\frac12(\delta_{-\lambda^n}+\delta_{\lambda^n})$. This problem has been studied ...
- 4,660
12
votes
3
answers
3k
views
elementwise functions of positive definite matrix
The fact that the Schur (that is, element wise) product of two positive definite (symmetric) matrices is positive definite immediately implies (using the convexity of the positive semi definite cone) ...
- 51
2
votes
1
answer
251
views
Automorphism on the unit interval compatible with a measure preserving set function
Cross-posting from math stack-exchange since it's not getting any visibility there.
I am given a function $F: \{[0, y]: y \in I\} \to \Sigma(I)$, such that $\lambda(F([0, y])) = y$, and $F([0, y]) \...
- 18.7k
5
votes
2
answers
1k
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Derivatives of $C^{\infty}$ non analytic function
Question: Given $f\in C^{\infty}$ which is not analytic on a bounded domain $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}$. What can we say about the sequence $\lbrace f^{(m)} \rbrace _{m=1}^{\infty} $? Specifically - ...
CommunityBot
- 1
8
votes
2
answers
980
views
Lebesgue outer measure
Denote the Lebesgue outer measure by $\mu^{\star}$. Is there a subset $X \subseteq [0, 1]$ such that $\mu^{\star}(X) > 0$ and $\mu^{\star} \upharpoonright \mathcal{P}(X)$ is a measure (countably ...
- 42k
10
votes
1
answer
326
views
Partition into sets of positive outer measure
Let $\mu^{\star}$ denote Lebesgue outer measure. Suppose $X \subseteq [0, 1]$ and $\mu^{\star}(X) > 0$. Can we divide $X$ into uncountably many sets $\{X_i : i \in I\}$ such that for every $i \in I$...
- 11.5k
2
votes
1
answer
497
views
Are the partial derivatives of a function increasing in both variables measurable?
Let $f$ be a function from $[0,1]\times[0,1]$ to $\mathbb{R}$ that is nondecreasing in both variables, i.e. $f(x_1,y_1)\le f(x_2,y_2)$ whenever
$x_1\le x_2$ and $y_1\le y_2$. It is known that the ...
- 3,816
2
votes
1
answer
63
views
Decompose a function having antiderivatives into bounded components [closed]
Suppose $f:I\rightarrow\mathbb R$ has antiderivatives on an interval $I\subset\mathbb R$. Then $f$ can be decomposed as $f=g+h$, where both $g,h:I\rightarrow\mathbb R$ have antiderivatives. In ...
- 60.6k