Questions tagged [brownian-motion]
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400
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the distribution of a stopping time of a Brownian motion
Is there example of a stopping time of a standard brownian motion which has discontinuous distribution? is there any general result for such stopping time?
4
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1
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136
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Solution of SDE at finite time, continuity of pdf
I'm looking at the Langevin dynamics described by the following SDE
$$d X_t = - \nabla U(X_t) \, d t + \sqrt {2 \Sigma} \, d B_t,$$
where $X_t \in \mathbb R^d$, $\nabla U(\cdot)$ has some regularity ...
2
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0
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78
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Brownian motion reflected at a trailing barrier
Let $X_t$ be a Brownian motion with positive drift starting at 0. The process with reflection at fixed barrier $b<0$ (sometimes called a "regulated Brownian motion") is:
\begin{equation}
\...
7
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1
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355
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What happens when the diffusion term in an SDE becomes zero?
Consider this time-homogeneous SDE, in the Ito sense:
$$dX_t= -(X_t-a)\,dt+\sigma(X_t)\,dW_t,$$
where $W_t$ is standard Brownian motion, $a<b\in\mathbb{R}$, $X_0\leq b$ a.s., and $\sigma(b)=0$. ...
1
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1
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78
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Reference for the 'Brownian Representation Formula'
I am reading a paper ('Hydrodynamics of the N-BBM Process', by De Masi, Ferrari, Presutti, Soprano-Loto) which quotes the 'Brownian representation formula' to represent the solution of a free boundary ...
0
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2
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86
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Find the distribution of maximum of $B_t-t$
Let $B_t$ be a standard Brownian motion. It is easy to show that $\sup B_t-t<\infty$ a.s. . The question is, can we determinate the distribution of $\sup_{t\in [0,\infty)}B_t-t$?
4
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122
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Algebraic area of Brownian half-plane excursion
Is anything known about the distribution of the algebraic area, à la Lévy's stochastic area, of a Brownian excursion in the half-plane? To be precise, letting $x>0$, we consider the path $(X_t,Y_t)...
3
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1
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178
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Laplace transform of Brownian motion functional
Let $(B_r,r\geq 0)$ be a standard Brownian motion on $\mathbb{R}$ started at $0$. I am interested in the quantity
$$g(s,t) = \mathbb{E}_0\left[ \exp \left(- \beta \int_s^t \left\vert \frac{B_r}{r}\...
3
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1
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141
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Are the paths of the Brownian motion contained in a suitable RKHS?
Let $H_B$ be the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of the Brownian Motion $(B_t)$ on $[0,1]$. It is well known that with probability 1 the paths of $(B_t)$ are not contained in $H_B$.
But is ...
1
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0
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75
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Conditioned random walk over a graph
I want to solve for a conditioned random walk over a graph. I have a directed graph $G$. The random walkers start at a fixed node, Source. They all need to end up at fixed node, Sink. So the random ...
5
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1
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382
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On the convergence of a martingale
Let $W$ be a standard one dimensional Brownian motion and let $A$ be the process defined by :
$$\forall \ t\geq 0: \quad A_t := \int_0^t\left(1 + e^{W_s}\right)\mathrm{d}s$$
and for $t\geq 0$, we ...
0
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1
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123
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Polar form of 2D Brownian motion
Consider two independent unidimensional Brownian motion $w_1$ and $w_2$.
What is the polar form of $(w_1,w_2)$?
If $r(t)$ and $\phi(t)$ satisfy $(w_1,w_2) = r(t)(\cos(\phi(t)),\sin(\phi(t)))$, how to ...
2
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1
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179
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Macroscopic sets - a notion of largeness for Lebesgue null sets
Let $E$ be a measurable subset of $\mathbb R$. We say $E$ is $\alpha$-macroscopic, for $0 \leq \alpha \leq 1$, if there exists an $\alpha$-Holder continuous function $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such ...
3
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121
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Stochastic braids
I am definitely not a probability guy, but I'd like to have a heuristic answer to the following question: do $n$ independently moving points in an open, connected, bounded region $R$ tend to "...
4
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1
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Reflecting Brownian motion in disk
What is the transition density function of a reflecting Brownian motion in $\mathbb D \overset{\mathrm{def}}= \{z \in \mathbb C : \lvert z\rvert < 1\}$ and how to compute it?
The transition density ...
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42
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From large deviations to finite time probability tails
Cross-Post from Math.SE
Let $(B_t)$ be a standard $d$-dimensional Brownian motion. It is well-known that
$$\mathbb P(\sup_{s\in[0,t]}|B_s|\ge \alpha) \le 4de^{-\alpha^2/2dt}.$$
One possibility to ...
2
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2
answers
198
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Weak convergence of measures on continuous function spaces
Let $S$ be the unit sphere of $C[0,1], \|\cdot\|_{\infty})$, let $(B_{t})_{t}$ the brownian motion.
I would like to show that the measure $\mu_r$ defined on $\mathbb{B}(S)$ by
$\mu_r(A):=P\Big(\frac{...
2
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2
answers
315
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SDE driven by fractional Brownian motion
Let $B^H$ be a fraction Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $H$. Consider the SDE driven by $B^H$ as below:
$$dX_t = b(t,X_t)dt + a(t,X_t)dB^H_t,\quad \forall t\ge 0.$$
I am looking for references that ...
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Generating realizations from $n$-dimensional geometric Brownian motion where the variables are constrained to sum to 1
Is there a way to simulate an $N$-dimensional geometric Brownian motion i.e. variable $$x_i, i \in [1, N] $$ is diffusing in log-space such that $$\log (x_i)$$ follows a Brownian motion with a given ...
2
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1
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118
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Measurability of two hitting times at the stopped $\sigma$-algebra
Let $\mathcal{F}=(\mathcal{F}_t)_{t\ge 0}$ be the complete filtration generated by the Brownian motion $B $, and let $a<0<b$. Define the stopping times
$\tau_a=\inf\{t\ge 0\mid B_t=a\}$ and $\...
2
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139
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Fractional Brownian motion covariance with a twist
Let $H \in (0, 1)$, $D \in \mathbb{R}$ and assume that the following function
$$
r ( t, s ) = \frac{1}{2} \, \Big[ t^{2H} + s^{2H} - | t - s |^{2H} \Big] + D \, t^H s^H,
\quad t, \, s \geq 0
$$
is ...
0
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0
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94
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Prove that $\forall x,y \in \mathbb{R}^d , P_x\{y\in B\mathopen]0,1]\}=0$
I'm folowing the proof of corollary 1.8 page 5 of Mörters - Sample path properties of Brownian motion.
I want to show that $$\forall x,y \in \mathbb{R}^d , P_x\{y\in B\mathopen]0,1]\}=0$$ where $B$ is ...
2
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0
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60
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Joint tail for Brownian motion $P[B_{t_1}>g_1,...,B_{t_n}>g_n]$
Maybe not surprisingly there seems to be a lack of in-depth study of sharp estimates for the joint tail of Brownian motion over different times
$$P[B_{t_1}>g_1,...,B_{t_n}>g_n]$$
for strictly ...
2
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1
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242
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If $u$ is harmonic, $\exists \alpha,\beta \in \mathbb{R},\forall x\in \mathbb{R}^d,u(x) \leq \alpha |x|+\beta,$ then $u$ is affine
We consider a harmonic function $u:\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$ $(\Delta u=0).$ Suppose that $$\exists \alpha,\beta \in \mathbb{R},\forall x\in \mathbb{R}^d,u(x)\leq \alpha |x|+\beta.$$
Therefore $u-u(...
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Resources to understand Lebesgue measure of Brownian motion's path [closed]
[https://www.math.uchicago.edu/~may/VIGRE/VIGRE2011/REUPapers/Hansen.pdf][page 12] and [peter morters][page 47]
Let $B$ be a stanrd Brownian Motion and $R$ a function defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$ such ...
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Application of Ito's formula to Liouville's theorem
Liouville's theorem for bounded harmonic functions could be proved using Ito's formula, martingale convergence and Blumenthal's 0-1 law.
I tried checking the classical books on Brownian motion and ...
2
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1
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133
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Is every simply connected domain regular?
Recall that a domain $D \subseteq \mathbb C$ is called regular if for each point $x \in \partial D$, we have $\mathbf P_x\lbrack \tau_D = 0\rbrack = 1$, where $\tau_D = \inf\{t > 0 : B_t \notin D\}$...
3
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280
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Each diffusion SDE is associated to a *unique* family of transition kernels
I consider an SDE of the form $dX_t=b(X_t) \, dt + \sigma(X_t) \, dW_t$, with $b$ and $\sigma$ globally Lipschitz on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
How can I prove that there exists a unique family of transition ...
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Locality and restriction properties for self-avoiding and loop-erasing random walks
This question has been cross-posted from math.stackexchange.com : https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4742746/locality-and-restriction-properties-for-self-avoiding-and-loop-erasing-random-wa
I ...
1
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1
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80
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Characteristic exponent after Girsanov transformation
Let $B$ be a standard Brownian motion. Its characteristic exponent (or Fourier transform) is easily calculated to be
$$ \mathbb E [e^{ixB_t}] = e^{-\frac 12 x^2 t}. $$
Now I want to apply a Girsanov ...
3
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1
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140
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Recurrence of Drifted Brownian Motion Conditioned to not hit Moving Barrier
Suppose we have a Brownian motion $X$ with $X_0>0$ and drift $\mu$ conditioned to be less than a barrier $R$ which has behaviour $R_0 = r$, $dR_s = \nu \, ds$, where $\mu > \nu > 0$.
Can we ...
1
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1
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88
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Volterra Processes (integration wrt Brownian motion): reference request
I need some references about Volterra processes $Y=(Y_t)_{t\geq0}$ defined as
$$ Y_t:=\int_{0}^{t} g(t,s)dB_s, \ \ t\geq 0,$$
where $B=\left(B_t\right)_{t\geq0}$ is a brownian motion and $g$ satisfies
...
4
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183
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Schrödinger Bridge for other costs
Stochastic control formulations of the Schrödinger bridge problem between $\mu,\nu$ are well known (e.g Chen et al Eq. 4.23)
$$\inf \limits_{p_t, v_t} \int_0^T \int \frac{1}{2}\lvert v_t\rvert^2 p_t ...
0
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0
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68
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Calculation of the difference of two Brownian bridges
I was told that the difference of two independent brownian bridge process is $\sqrt{2}$ times a brownian bridge process, i.e.,
$$B_{1t} - B_{2t} = \sqrt{2}B_t$$
where $B_{1t}$ and $B_{2t}$ are ...
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2
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380
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Fractional Brownian motion of Riemann-Liouville type is not a semimartingale
Given a filtered probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{F},\mathbb{P})$ satisfying the usual conditions, $B$ a standard one-dimensional Brownian motion and $H\in(0,1/2)$. Consider the process $...
2
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Local martingale with increasing process
Here is a problem in stochastic calculus:
If $M_t$ is a continuous process and $A$ an increasing process, then $M$ is a local martingale with increasing process $A$ if and only if, for every $f\in C^2$...
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71
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Expand White Noise and Brownian Motion in Haar basis: which version of Haar basis?
Start with the Haar basis of $L^2(\mathbb{R})$, namely, the functions
$$
\chi(t-k) \text { and } 2^{j / 2} h\left(2^j t-k\right), j \geq 0, k \in \mathbb{Z}, \quad \quad \quad (1)
$$
where $\chi(t)$ ...
2
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0
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Identify two continuous martingales in law as time-changed Brownian motions
Let $W$ be a Brownian motion and $\alpha$ be a progressively measurable process taking values in $\mathbb R_+$. Set $\beta_t:=\max(\alpha_t, 1)$ for all $t\ge 0$. Define respectively $X$, $Y$ by
$$X_t:...
2
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1
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233
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Joint distribution for sticky Brownian motion
$\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R}$The one-dimensional Sticky Brownian Motion (SBM in short) is an $\R$-valued Markov process given by
\begin{gather*}
dX_t=1_{[X_t\neq 0]}dB_t\\
L_t(X)=\int_0^t 1_{[X_s=0]}ds,...
5
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3
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894
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"Practical" use of time-continuous stochastic processes like Wiener process or Poisson (point) process?
If one uses the Wiener process as an ingredient to model something, then for practical purposes one could just as well take a simple discrete random walk (with sufficiently fine scale).
If one uses a ...
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0
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Probability that a Lévy process "closely" follows a predefined trajectory
For a Brownian motion $(B_t)_{t\geq 0}$ it is well-known [Thm 38, David Freedman, Brownian motion and diffusion], that if $f:[0,1] \to \Bbb R$ is a continuous function with $f(0)=0$ then for $\...
1
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2
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184
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Converse Cameron-Martin theorem for shifts by adapted processes
Let $W$ be a standard one dimensional Brownian motion, $\mathcal F_t$ its natural filtration, and $\mathbb P$ be the induced Wiener measure on $\Omega := C[0, 1]$.
Given a $C[0, 1] $ valued random ...
4
votes
1
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342
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Derive the solution of the diffusion equation from the solution of a random walk
Summary
The probability distribution (pdf) of a random walk in 1 dimension is represented by a Bessel function. On the other hand, the pdf of a Brownian motion in free space is represented by a ...
1
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1
answer
81
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Brownian motion hitting open set starting from its boundary
Let $\{W(t),\,t \in [0,1]\}$ be a standard Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^d$, starting from $0$. Let $U$ be a non-empty open set such that $0 \in \partial U$.
Which conditions on $U$ are necessary and ...
2
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0
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158
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Wiener sausage of a Brownian motion with coordinates scaled differently
The Wiener sausage of a standard Brownian motion $\{W(t),0 \leq t \leq T\}$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is the set $S(T,R)=\bigcup_{0 \leq t \leq T} W(t)+B(0,R)$, where $B(x,r)$ denotes a ball in $\mathbb{R}^2$ ...
8
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2
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379
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Regularity of translations for Brownian motion
Let $B_t$ be the classic Brownian motion. I understand that, if $s>1/2$, almost surely $B_t$ is nowhere $s$-Hölder continuous i.e. almost surely for no point $x$ it happens that $B_t\in C^s(x)$.
...
0
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1
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157
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Stability of SDE fBM
Consider an n-dimensional Ito process
$$
X_t^x = x + \int_0^t\, \alpha(s)ds + \int_0^t\,\beta(s)\,dB^H(s),
$$
where $1/3<H<1$ is the Hurst parameter for an $n$-dimensional fractional Brownian ...
5
votes
2
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625
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Brownian bridges as conditioning
Brownian bridges are interpreted as Brownian motions conditioned to start and end at given points. However, I have not seen a source that makes this precise, though this may be due to my own lack of ...
1
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1
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273
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SDE with non-degenerate diffusion visits every point
I am asking an extension of the question here for SDEs of the Ito form.
Consider the SDE $dX_t =\sigma(X_t) dW_t$, where $W$ is a $d$-dimensional Brownian motion and $\sigma:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}...
2
votes
2
answers
120
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Density of $W_t$ assuming it stayed above a line $L$
Let $W_t$ be a Wiener process with $W_0=0$, and let $L=\{at+by=c\}$ be a line with $c/b<0$ (i.e. the line crosses the $Y$-axis below $0$).
Assume that $W_t$ stayed above $L$ up to time $T$. What is ...