All Questions
713 questions
5
votes
2
answers
248
views
Hausdorff dimension of the zero set of $\nabla f$
Let $f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$ be a Lipschitz function with $\nabla f$ nonzero almost everywhere with respect to Lebesgue measure.
What is the supremal Hausdorff dimension of the set on which $f$ ...
- 6,215
5
votes
2
answers
297
views
Is the $W^{1, \infty}$ limit of differentiable a.e. functions also differentiable a.e.?
Let $f_n$ be a sequence of continuous, differentiable a.e. functions on $[0, 1]$ with
$f_n \to f$ uniformly for some continuous $f$.
$f'_n - g \to 0$ in $L^\infty$ for some measurable $g$,
where we ...
- 6,215
5
votes
1
answer
542
views
If $f$ is bounded, decays fast enough at infinity and $\int f=0$, does this imply that $f$ is in the Hardy space $\mathcal H^1(\mathbb R^n)$?
Let $\mathcal H^1(\mathbb R^n)$ be the real Hardy space (as in Stein's "Harmonic Analysis", Chapter 3). It is well known that $\mathcal H^1(\mathbb R^n)\subset L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ and its ...
- 1,075
5
votes
1
answer
167
views
Upper bound for the $n$-th derivative of a rational function $\frac{f}{f+g}$
Let $f$ and $g$ be real polynomials with nonnegative coefficients. Let
$$
h = \frac{f}{f+g}.
$$
I want to prove that the $n$-th derivative of $h$ satisfies:
There exists $C > 0$ such that
$$
|h^{(...
- 187
5
votes
0
answers
107
views
Generalized Puiseux series for diagonal reflections of the curves $y = \frac{x}{(1-ax)(1-bx)^m}$
Reflection of the curve $y = f_m(x) = \frac{x}{(1-ax)(1-bx)^m}$ through the diagonal line $y=x$ in the $xy$-plane can be regarded as local compositional inversion of the curve $y=f_m(x)$. ($x,y,a,b$ ...
- 10.5k
5
votes
2
answers
483
views
Are there any known approaches of generalizing functions that do not have a limit at infinity to values at infinity?
Let's consider the affinely extended real line. The functions that have a limit on positive or negative infinity $\lim_{x\to+\infty} f(x)$ or $\lim_{x\to-\infty} f(x)$ can be generalized to the values ...
- 10.1k
5
votes
2
answers
503
views
Minimizing $x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_1$
Look at the expression
$$
f(x_1,x_2,x_3) = x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_1.
$$
The numbers $x_1,x_2,x_3$ are non-negative, and I assume that $x_1+x_2+x_3=3$. This is a sum of squares and "...
- 2,207
5
votes
0
answers
143
views
Error of midpoint method for differentiable functions
Is it the case that for every differentiable function $f$ on $[0,1]$ (with finite one-sided derivatives at the endpoints), the midpoint method of estimating $\int_0^1 f(x) \: dx$ has error $o(1/n)$?
...
- 19.7k
5
votes
0
answers
247
views
Involutions on $[0,1]$ given by power series (related to probability generating functions)
Let $A$ be a function from $[0,1]$ to $[0,1]$. $A$ is an involution if $A(A(x))=x$ for all $x\in[0,1]$.
Which involutions $A$ exist such that $A(x)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k x^k$ with $a_0=1$ and $a_k\...
- 3,937
5
votes
1
answer
410
views
Is there always a real $x$ such that $\cos n_1 x + \cos n_2 x + \cos n_3 x < -2$?
Problem: Given three positive integers $0 < n_1 < n_2 < n_3$. Is there always a real number $x$ such that
$$\cos n_1 x + \cos n_2 x + \cos n_3 x < -2?$$
- 1,053
5
votes
0
answers
270
views
Differential operators that preserve real-rootedness
Is there some description of polynomial differential operators, $\mathcal{D}=\sum f_i(x) D_x^i$ such that, if $h$ is a polynomial all of whose roots are in $[0,1]$, then so are all the roots of $\...
- 156k
5
votes
2
answers
202
views
Monotonicity of a parametric integral
For real $x>0$, let
$$f(x):=\frac1{\sqrt x}\,\int_0^\infty\frac{1-\exp\{-x\, (1-\cos t)\}}{t^2}\,dt.$$
How to prove that $f$ is increasing on $(0,\infty)$?
Here is the graph $\{(x,f(x))\colon0<...
- 128k
5
votes
2
answers
358
views
Linear transport equation with unbounded coefficients
Consider the PDE
$$\partial_t f(x,t) = \langle q(x), \nabla \rangle f(t,x) + p(x),$$
with Schwartz initial data $f(0,x) = f_0(x) \in \mathscr S(\mathbb R^n).$
I am wondering then if $q$ and all its ...
- 124
5
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Property/Relations using Fourier series/transform, which give complete information about all the jump singularities of a function.
Consider a function which has only jump singularities of the form of the function itself or one of its derivatives jumping. Now let $\hat{f}(k)$ be its Fourier transform/series. We know the decay of ...
- 698
5
votes
2
answers
647
views
Dominated convergence 2.1?
After this question : Dominated convergence 2.0?
I want to know, what about the case when $h\in L^1([0,1])$.
The completed question :
Let $(f_n)_n$ be a sequence in $C^2([0,1])$ converging ...
- 4,074
5
votes
1
answer
598
views
An inequality related to Lagrange's identity and $L_p$ norm
Let $a_1, a_2, \cdots , a_n$, $b_1, b_2, \cdots, b_n$ be real numbers, $p \in [1, +\infty)$, prove that
$$\sum_{1\leq i < j \leq n} |a_ib_j - a_jb_i|^p \leq c_p \sum_{i=1}^n |a_i|^p \sum_{i=1}^n |...
- 563
4
votes
0
answers
151
views
Estimating the size of $\Omega_r=\{x\in\Omega: \text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)<r \}$
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\Bbb R^n$. Define
$$
\Omega_r=\{x\in\Omega: \text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)<r \},
$$
i.e. it the ring of thickness $r$ at the boundary of $\Omega$. Intuitively, ...
- 1,245
4
votes
1
answer
279
views
Schroedinger operator in 2 dimensions with singular potential
Consider the Schroedinger operator
$$H = -\Delta + \frac{c}{\vert x \vert^2}$$
in two dimensions with $c >0$
This operator has a self-adjoint realization, since it is a positive symmetric operator ...
4
votes
1
answer
377
views
Differential inequalities under which a flat function must be identically zero
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ be a smooth function which is flat at $0\in \mathbb{R}$. That is $f^{(k)}(0)=0,\; k=0,1,2,\ldots $.
Assume that $|f''(x)|\leq M|f(x)|\quad \forall x\in \mathbb{R}$ ...
- 356
4
votes
1
answer
227
views
Continuity upgrade for nonlinear maps
Let $E,F,G$ be topological vector spaces such that $F\subset G$ with continuous embedding.
By continuity upgrade I mean the following phenomenon: In some circumstances a continuous linear map $f:E\...
- 779
4
votes
1
answer
379
views
A constant ratio of integrals? Part I
Let $u(x)$ be a harmonic polynomial in the unit ball $B_1(0)\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ with $u(0)=0$.
For $0<r\leq1$, consider the average of its Dirichlet integral
$$A(r):=\frac1{\vert B_r(0)\vert}\int_{...
- 43.2k
4
votes
2
answers
548
views
Convergence of a sequence
Let $x_0=1$ and
$$x_{k+1} = (1-a_k)\left(\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{x_k}\right)$$
where $a_n$ is a known sequence satisfying that $a_k\in(0,1)$ for all $k$ and $a_k\to 0$ as $k\to\infty$. How to ...
- 311
4
votes
1
answer
249
views
Does this functional admit an absolute minimizer?
This is a close relative of the following problem.
Let $\Omega$ be an open, bounded subdomain of $\mathbb R^n$ with smooth boundary, and $f_i \in W^{1, \infty} (\Omega)$ a sequence of functions ...
- 6,215
4
votes
1
answer
277
views
Eigenvalue of a convolution and a restriction?
Let $\epsilon>0$ be small. Let $\eta(t) = \frac{2\epsilon}{\epsilon^2+(2\pi t)^2}$ (the Fourier transform of $x\mapsto e^{-\epsilon |x|}$). Let $V$ be the space of integrable, bounded functions $f:\...
- 20.2k
4
votes
1
answer
288
views
$C^1$ function with a dense set of maximum values
Let $f: [0, 1] \to \mathbb R$ be a function on the unit interval. We say $y \in \mathbb R$ is a local maximum value of $f$ if $y = f(x)$ for some strict local maximum $x$ of $f$.
Question: Does there ...
- 6,215
4
votes
1
answer
254
views
On the Lipschitz constant outside the stretch set
Let $f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^m$ be a Lipschitz map. We define the local Lipschitz constant $Lf$ of $f$ at $x \in \mathbb R^n$ by
$$Lf(x) := \lim_{r \to 0_+} \text{Lip}(f, B_r (x)),$$
where $\text{...
- 6,215
4
votes
1
answer
109
views
Dividing a spherical cap into three equal wedges
Background: Optimal ways to cut an orange.
In this problem, we have a spherical orange, and we do not wish to eat its central column which is modelled as a cylinder. Part of the procedure involves an ...
- 1,459
4
votes
1
answer
642
views
Explicit and fast error bounds for approximating continuous functions
Main Question
This question is about finding explicit, calculable, and fast error bounds (no hidden constants) when approximating continuous functions with polynomials or simpler functions to a user-...
- 697
4
votes
2
answers
977
views
Articles with examples of Darboux functions without fixed points
A function $f: I \to J$ ($I,J$ intervals) has the Darboux property or the Intermediate value property if for every $a < b \in I$ and for every $\lambda$ between $f(a)$ and $f(b)$ there exists $c \...
- 2,222
4
votes
1
answer
287
views
Local maxima of the sum of Gaussian functions in *multiple dimensions* are always strict local maxima - prove/disprove/prove conditionally?
This is a follow up of the question in one dimension, that asked to show that the all the maxima of the sum of Gaussian
$$f_n(x):= \sum_{i=1}^{n}e^{-(x-x_i)^2}, x_1 < x_2 < \dots < x_n$$
are ...
- 1,467
4
votes
1
answer
266
views
Prove $\int_{\mathbb R^N \setminus \Omega} |x - z|^{-N-s} dz \approx dist(x,\partial \Omega)^{-s}$, $s \in (0,2)$
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$ and $s \in (0,2)$. Under what assumptions on $\partial \Omega$ do we have
$$\int_{\mathbb R^N \setminus \Omega} |x - z|^{-N-s} dz \approx \mathrm{dist}(x,\partial \...
- 303
4
votes
1
answer
668
views
Optimal Transport: how is this transport map Borel measurable?
I'm reading Theorem 1.17. and its proof at page 14 of Santambrogio's Optimal transport for applied mathematicians. The content is not hard but a little bit long (because of related detail). Please ...
- 835
4
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Chain rule for fractional laplacian
Does anyone know a formula of chain rule for fractional laplacian?
say we take the fractional laplacian of order a on function $g(U(x))$ $x\in \mathbb{R}^2$, $U \in \mathbb{R}$, $g \colon \mathbb{R} \...
- 41
4
votes
1
answer
150
views
Quantitative analytic continuation estimate for functions small except on a small set
This question arises as a variation of this question, which was helpfully answered in the negative. It turns out that for my application, a substantially weaker conjecture suffices, which fails to be ...
- 324
4
votes
2
answers
345
views
Can you solve this problem using a finite number of queries?
Let $g:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ be a continuous monotonically-increasing function. You can access $g$ using queries of two kinds:
Given $x\in[0,1]$, return $g(x)$.
Given $y\in[0,1]$, return $g^{-1}(y)$.
Given ...
- 3,549
4
votes
1
answer
149
views
An algebraic inequality in three real variables
Is it true that
$$(v-u)^2+(w-u)^2+(w-v)^2 \\
+\left(\sqrt{\frac{1+u^2}{1+v^2}}
+\sqrt{\frac{1+v^2}{1+u^2}}\right) (w-u)(w-v) \\
-\left(\sqrt{\frac{1+u^2}{1+w^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1+w^2}{1+u^2}}\right) (w-...
- 128k
4
votes
1
answer
134
views
On partial absolute continuity
$\newcommand\B{\mathscr B}\newcommand\A{\mathscr A}\newcommand\si{\sigma}$Let $I:=[0,1]$, and let $\B$ and $\B^2$ denote the Borel $\si$-algebras over $I$ and $I^2$, respectively. Let $\A$ stand for ...
- 128k
4
votes
1
answer
367
views
Inequality with decreasing rearrangement function
Let $f^{*}$ be the usual decreasing rearrangement function of a measurable function $f$ on a measure space $(X, \mu)$. Let $1<p<n$ and set $$p'=\frac{pn}{n-p}.$$ Also, let $g$ be a positive ...
- 459
4
votes
2
answers
394
views
Is this projection on the boundary of a convex Lipschitz?
Let $C$ be a closed convex set of $\mathbb{R}^n$ $(n\geq 1)$, and $u\in\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}$ such that $u$ does not belong to the asymptotic cone of $C$ and is nowhere tangent to $\partial C$. ...
- 449
4
votes
0
answers
208
views
Extract this constant term
Given a Laurent polynomial $F$ in the variables $\mathbf{t}=(t_1,\dots,t_n)$, let $CT_{\vec{\mathbf{t}}}\,F$ denote its constant term.
For example, $CT_{t_1,t_2}((8t_1-\frac1{3t_1t_2})(5t_1t_2+t_2^2+\...
- 43.2k
4
votes
1
answer
308
views
Adjoint of the multiplication operator on a Sobolev space
Let $f\colon\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ be a bounded function with a bounded first derivative. Then the multiplication operator $H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\ni x\mapsto A_f x:=fx\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is ...
- 128k
4
votes
0
answers
140
views
Given $\theta$, find $f$ such that $\int_{\mathbb{T}} \text{e}^{i\theta} \cos(h \cdot f) = 0,$ for all $h \in \mathbb{N}$
Let $\theta$ be a $C^{\infty}$ (resp. analytic) real-valued function on $\mathbb{T}=[0,2\pi]/\{0,2\pi\}$.
When can one find $f \neq 0$, $C^{\infty}$ (resp. analytic) real-valued function on $\...
- 405
4
votes
2
answers
446
views
About Euclidean distances
$\newcommand\R{\mathbb R}$Let $0<d_1<\cdots<d_k<\infty$ and let $m_1,\dots,m_k$ be any integers $\ge1$. Let $n:=m_1+\dots+m_k-1$.
Let $d$ denote the Euclidean distance in $\R^n$.
Do then ...
- 128k
4
votes
1
answer
321
views
Can planar set contain even many vertices of every unit equilateral triangle?
Is there a nonempty planar set that contains $0$ or $2$ vertices from each unit equilateral triangle?
I know that such a set cannot be measurable. In fact, my motivation is to extend a Falconer-Croft ...
- 19k
4
votes
0
answers
219
views
Is every supersmooth function a local polynomial?
This question is a follow up question to this question that I recently asked.
A $C^{\infty}$ function $f:(c,d)\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ shall be called a local polynomial if whenever $f:(c,d)\rightarrow\...
4
votes
1
answer
204
views
Is there a density theorem for Banach measure?
Fix a finitely additive measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb R^2$ that is consistent with the Lebesgue measure. Does Lebesgue's density theorem hold for such a $\mu$, i.e., is it true that for every $A$ we have $...
- 19k
4
votes
1
answer
875
views
comparing norms of tensor product of two Hilbert spaces
Suppose $H_1$ and $H_2$ are two Hilbert spaces with dimension $n$ and $m$, for $ x \in H_1 \otimes H_2$
consider $$\|x\|_\pi = \inf \left\{ \sum_{i=1}^n \|a_i\| \|b_i\| : x = \sum_{i} a_i \otimes b_i ...
- 41
4
votes
1
answer
417
views
Approximation of a $C^{\infty}_c$ function by tensor products
Suppose that $f \in C^{\infty}_c ( \mathbb{R}^2 )$, i.e. $f$ is a $C^{\infty}$ function with compact support defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$. The following link
Approximation of smooth compactly supported ...
- 357
4
votes
1
answer
369
views
Proving two inequalities involving the gamma and digamma functions
I'm having trouble proving the following inequality:
$$\forall p>1 \quad \forall m\geq 0 \quad \dfrac{m^2\Gamma(\dfrac{2m}{p})\Gamma(\dfrac{2m}{q})}{\Gamma(\dfrac{2m+2}{p})\Gamma(\dfrac{2m+2}{q})}\...
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
What is the value of the infinite product: $(1+ \frac{1}{1^1}) (1+ \frac{1}{2^2}) (1+ \frac{1}{3^3}) \cdots $? [closed]
What is the value of the following infinite product?
$$\left(1+ \frac{1}{1^1}\right) \left(1+ \frac{1}{2^2}\right) \left(1+ \frac{1}{3^3}\right) \cdots $$
Is the value known?
- 1,841