Questions tagged [duality]
Use for questions regarding duality of mathematical object, i.e. dual spaces, objects with two possible interpretations etc.
312 questions
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Applications of linear programming duality in combinatorics
So, I know that one can apply the strong LP duality theorem to specific instances of maximum flow problems to recover some nontrivial theorems in combinatorics, such as Hall's theorem, Koenig's ...
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votes
1
answer
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Order of factors for unit/counit of duals
While working through Categorical quantum mechanics by Abramsky and Coecke, I noticed that their definition of the order of factors for the unit and counit of a dualizable object disagree with the one ...
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1
answer
886
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Generalization of Bernstein’s inequality
I'm using Muscalu and Schlag's textbook to study harmonic analysis and I encountered the following claim:
Given some function $f \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$, where $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ ...
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2
votes
1
answer
698
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Confusing definition of homogeneous Sobolev norm of order -1
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and $\|.\|$ is the standard euclidean $2$-norm. I came across a definition of $\dot{H}^{-1}(\Omega)$ which is a bit confusing. In [1] authors define the following ...
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9
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1
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Origin and context of adjunctions inducing equivalences between full subcategories
The following is well-known.
Theorem. Let $F\dashv U$ be a pair of adjoint functors
$$F\colon \mathcal C\to \mathcal D, \qquad U\colon \mathcal D\to\mathcal C$$
with unit $(\eta_A\colon A\to U(F(A)))_{...
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4
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1
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Which topological spaces admit embeddings into Euclidean spaces
I'm interested in the dual question to:
continuous images of open intervals, about surjections onto open intervals.
Namely, if $X$ is a topological space, when can we guarantee that there exists a ...
- 5,405
1
vote
0
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45
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Transport-type duality for preduals of $C^{k,1}$-functions
Let $\Omega$ be a non-empty, simply connected, and open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$ for some positive integer $d$. Let $k$ be a non-negative integer. Consider the Banach space $C^{k,1}_0(\Omega)$ ...
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5
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1
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Generalized Gelfand triples
Normally, when we talk about Gelfand triple we have three Hilbert spaces
$$\newcommand{\X}{\mathcal{X}}
\X_+ \subset \X_0 \subset \X_-
$$
such that the subsets are dense, the embedding mappings are ...
1
vote
1
answer
97
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Self-dual hypergraph on $\omega$
Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph. For $v\in V$ we let $v^* = \{e\in E:v\in e\}$. We define the dual of $H$ by $H^*= (E, V^*)$ where $V^* = \{v^*: v\in V\}$. We say that a $H$ is self-dual if $H \cong H^*$...
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1
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0
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$L_p$ estimate in mixed boundary problem for elliptic equation
Let $Q$ be convex polygon, $\Gamma$ be a portion of boundary
$\partial Q$ and $H^1_\Gamma(Q)=\lbrace u\in H^1(Q):
u|_\Gamma=0\rbrace$. For $f\in (L_2(Q))^2$ consider the problem
$$
\int_Q A(x)\nabla u ...
- 46
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2
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If the closed unit ball of Banach space has at least one extreme point, must the Banach space the be a dual space?
Let $X$ be a Banach space.
By Banach-Alaoglu and Krein-Milman Theorems, one can show that if $X$ is a dual space, then $X$ must have at least one extreme point of the closed unit ball.
I am ...
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2
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0
answers
212
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Effect of dualization of density
Let $D\subset X$ be a dense subset of a complete separable locally convex space $X$ over $\mathbb{R}$. Though the question seems simple enough, I can't seem to find the answer in the literature:
If $...
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1
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Grothendieck-Verdier duality without the noetherian condition
The Grothendieck-Verdier duality:
$$
Rf_*\big(R\mathcal{H}\textit{om}_X^\bullet(\mathcal{E}^\bullet,f^!\mathcal{F}^\bullet)\big) \cong R\mathcal{H}\textit{om}^\bullet_Y(Rf_*\mathcal{E}^\bullet,\...
- 988
3
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0
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Dual space of Carleman functions
Let $X$ be the space of all weakly measurable functions $\gamma:\mathbb{R}^n \to L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ (modulo functions that are 0 almost everywhere) for which
$$\|\gamma\|_X^2 := \sup_{\|g\|_{L^2}=1} \...
- 141
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1
answer
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If $X$ is separable space then $X^∗$ is separable in all topologies $\tau$ such that $(X^∗,\tau)^∗ =X$?
Let $(X,\|.\|_{X})$ be a separable Banach space and the associated dual space is denoted
by $X^*$. By $w^*$ we shall indicate the weak$-*$ topology on $X^*$.
Let $B_{X^∗}= \{x^∗ \in X^∗ : \|x^∗\|_{X^∗...
- 117
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0
answers
309
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Maxwell $U(1)$ gauge theory's electric and magnetic sources turned on simultaneously in the classical differential geometry
Question:
How do we couple $U(1)$ electric (E) and magnetic (M) sources simultaneously in the classical differential geometry language, in a $U(1)$ gauge theory based on $U(1)$ gauge bundle and its $U(...
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3
votes
1
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How to inference the dual form of perceptron?
The model of perceptron is a linear binary classifier, which is $f(x)=\mathbb{sign}(w^Tx+b)$. $x$ is the datapoint as $w$ as well as $b$ are the parameters.
The cost function of Primal Perceptron is $...
- 143
3
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0
answers
282
views
Continuum of Lagrange multipliers, duality gap, and minimax theorem
Suppose I have a linear optimization problem involving random variables on some (infinite) probability space $\Omega$. For example, need to maximize expectation $E[Q]$ of random variable $Q$ subject ...
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1
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0
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96
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References: properties of $L_p$ spaces involving time and probability space
Questions are from the theory of PDEs\SPDEs
Question 1. Suppose $(V, H, V^\star)$ is a Gelfand triple (embeddings are continuous and dense, so $\|\|_H \le C \|\|_V$ for some $C>0$ etc) of ...
13
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3
answers
607
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GOE/GSE duality and Bott periodicity
Many papers in random matrix theory make passing references to duality between eigenvalue statistics of the GOE and GSE, for which the most concrete reference I can find is https://arxiv.org/pdf/math-...
- 568
2
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1
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292
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On the dimension of the dual variety of a singular hypersurface
I was primarily interested in the following question. Let $n\geq 3$, and let $X\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be a degree $d$ hypersurface. Assume that its singularity locus $S$ (with reduced structure) is ...
- 287
11
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1
answer
524
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Elementary proof of a triangular grid lemma
I am looking for an elementary proof of the following lemma, which concerns what Green and Tao call "triangular grids" (see arXiv:1208.4714).
Let $a_1$, $a_2$, $a_3$, $a_4$, $b_1$, $b_2$ be six ...
- 1,174
13
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2
answers
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Is there any relationship between the topologies of the clique complex and the independence complex?
Let $G$ be a simple graph on a finite vertex set. The clique complex $X(G)$ is the simplicial complex whose faces are complete subgraphs of $G$, and the independence complex $I(G)$ is the simplicial ...
- 7,857
3
votes
0
answers
162
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Reference for duality inducing bijections between subobjects and quotients?
I'm not the most category-theoretic person but I have run into the following statement in my work. Suppose we have a category duality $\mathcal F:\mathcal C\to\mathcal D$. For my needs you can ...
- 3,513
5
votes
1
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349
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A generalization of integral Poincaré duality
In this paper, Felix, Halperin and Thomas define the notion of a Gorenstein space over a field $\mathbb{k}$:
An augmented differential graded algebra $R$ over $\mathbb{k}$ is Gorenstein if $\text{Ext}...
- 208
3
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0
answers
514
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From $f$-divergence to its dual: the transformation of convex functions on $\mathbb R_+$ by $f^*(t) = 1 f(\frac 1 t)$
I would like to understand the relationship between minimising the KL divergence $P \mapsto D_{KL}[P,Q]$ and the reverse KL divergence $P\mapsto D_{KL}^*[P,Q]=D_{KL}[Q,P]$ for probability measures $P$ ...
- 203
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1
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Are there topological versions of the idea of divisor?
I am trying to extract a particular, more lightweight and more focussed at the same time, case of my recent question Which of the physics dualities are closest in essence to the Spanier-Whitehead ...
- 18.4k
12
votes
1
answer
266
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Closed embeddings of monoidal categories in *-autonomous ones
It's often very convenient for objects in a monoidal category to have duals. Hence, it's natural to wonder whether an arbitrary monoidal category can be embedded in one where all objects have duals. ...
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9
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2
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Topological problems solved by lattice duality
It is well known the success of lattice dualities (as Pontryagin duality for abelian groups, Stone duality for Boolean algebras and Priestley duality for distributive lattices) to solve algebraic ...
3
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1
answer
310
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Duality argument for elliptic regularity
M. Dauge proved in [1] the regularity property "$\Delta u \in (W^1_{p'})^*$ $\Rightarrow$ $u \in W^1_p$" for Dirichlet and Neumann problem in domains with piecewise smooth boundaries, for $p&...
user171871
2
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0
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96
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Evolution PDE in dual space : Generalization of a result of Gelfand
The following result is proved in "Generalized functions", Volume 3, Chapter 2.2 by Gelfand :
Let $\Phi$ be a Fréchet space with dual space $\Phi'$ endowed with the weak topology. For ...
- 233
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3
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Smooth affine algebras are Calabi-Yau
Are all smooth affine algebras over a field Calabi-Yau?
I'm thinking yes since they satisfy Van den Bergh duality with dualizing module themselves (have I made a mistake in this reasoning)/
- 27
11
votes
2
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Why the circle for Pontryagin duality? [duplicate]
For a locally compact group $G$, we define the Pontryagin dual as $\hat G = Hom(G,\mathbb T)$ where $\mathbb T$ is the circle group and the homomorphisms are continuous group maps. This duality has a ...
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3
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1
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Duality problem of an infinite dimensional optimization problem
I am reading the paper "OPTIMAL INEQUALITIES IN PROBABILITY THEORY: A CONVEX OPTIMIZATION APPROACH" by BERTSIMAS and POPESCU. In the paper, the authors derived a duality problem for an ...
- 53
1
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1
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284
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Poincare duality-differential geometry
Let $ M $ be a smooth and compact manifold with boundary $\partial M = X \times F $ on which the structure of a smooth locally trivial bundle $$ \pi: \partial M \longrightarrow X $$
where the $ X $ ...
- 27
1
vote
1
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212
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Does coercivity/supercoercivity conjugates?
According to Wikipedia, a function $f: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R} \cup \{-\infty, +\infty\}$ is called coercive if,
$$f(x) \to +\infty \text{ as } \|x\| \to +\infty$$
and it is super-coercive if
$$\...
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12
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1
answer
591
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Uniqueness of dualizing objects
One definition of (symmetric) star-autonomous category is as a closed symmetric monoidal category $(C,\otimes,I,\multimap)$ equipped with an object $\bot$ such that all double-dualization maps $A \to (...
- 66.8k
2
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1
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Why are Serre functors always exact?
Let $k$ be a field and $\mathcal{T}$ be a $k$-linear triangulated category with finite dimensional spaces of morphisms. Bondal and Kapranov proved that every Serre functor on $\mathcal{T}$ is exact (...
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1
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Dual problem with integrals
I am reading a paper where the author derives the following Lagrangian dual problem :
$\min_v \int_R \frac{1}{4} \frac{\beta^2}{v-2\|x\|}dx+v\;\;\;\text{s.t.}\;\;\;v\geq 2\|x\|\;\;\;\forall x \in R$
...
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Does any 'logical' theory have a bounded ∞-pretopos as syntactic category?
Stone duality may be understood as providing a duality between syntax and semantics for propositional logic, so that a theory may be recovered from its models. In order to do likewise for first-order ...
- 5,094
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3
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566
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Description of $\big(\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)\big)^{\!*}$ via ultrafilters
Let $\beta\mathbb N$ is the set of ultrafilters on $\mathbb N$ and $\mathscr F\in\beta\mathbb N$. Assume that $l_{\mathscr F}\in\big(\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)\big)^{\!*}$ is the functional which assigns ...
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Dual of union of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
I have a union of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces $\mathcal{B}$. I am interested in finding the dual of $\mathcal{B}$. Knowing what the dual is might help to write an alternate formulation for the ...
- 171
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1
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673
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Calculating vertex weights
Vertex weights are a metaphor for a constant value $\pi_i$ that is added to the weight of every edge $e_{ij}$ that is adjacent to vertex $v_i$ in a symmetric graph $G(V,E)$ with weighted edges.
The ...
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Riesz Representation Theorem for $L^2(\mathbb{R}) \oplus L^2(\mathbb{T})$?
The spaces $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ (square-integrable functions) and $L^2(\mathbb{T})$ (1-periodic square-integrable functions, considered over the real line $\mathbb{R}$) are two subspaces of the space of ...
- 2,306
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1
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602
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Pushforward in Compactly Supported Cohomology
Suppose $X,Y$ are locally compact Hausdorff spaces and $f:X\to Y$ is a topological submersion of relative dimension $n$. By this we mean that for all points $x\in X$, there exists an open neighborhood ...
- 1,761
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1
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Proof that the Pontryagin dual of a topological group is a topological group
I'm looking for a proof that the Pontryagin dual $G^*$ of a topological group $G$ is a topological group.
It's very easy to prove that $G^*$ is a group, my troubles are in proving that the map $G^* \...
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1
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What would be an infinity-groupoid analogue of the duality between sets and complete atomic boolean algebras?
Consider the object classifier of the $\infty$-topos of $\infty$-groupoids. For the role it plays in homotopy type theory as the type of types, let’s denote it as $Type = \coprod_{[F]} B Aut(F)$, the ...
- 5,094
13
votes
1
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624
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Gabriel-Ulmer duality for $\infty$-categories
Gabriel-Ulmer duality states that 2-categories $\mathrm{Lex}$ (of small finitely complete categories and functors preserving finite limits) and $\mathrm{LFP}$ (of locally finitely presentable ...
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3
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Dual cell structures on manifolds
Suppose that $M$ is a compact manifold without boundary (smooth if you like), and suppose further that $M$ is equipped with a regular CW-complex structure. Denote the face poset of this CW-complex by $...
- 7,857
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2
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513
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Divided power algebra is artinian as a module over the polynomial ring
I already asked this on math.stackexchange.com, but did not receive much responses. I hope this is also appropriate for mathoverflow.
In the paper Homological algebra on a complete intersection, with ...
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