Questions tagged [taylor-series]
Taylor series is a method to analyze functions as polynomials.
144 questions
78
votes
7
answers
8k
views
Roots of truncations of $ e^x - 1$
During a talk I was at today, the speaker mentioned that if you truncate the Taylor series for $e^x - 1$, you'll get lots of roots with nonzero real part, even though the full Taylor series only has ...
- 2,284
30
votes
2
answers
17k
views
power series of the reciprocal... does a recursive formula exist for the coefficients [closed]
Let $f(x)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty } b_nx^n$ and $\frac{1}{f(x)}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty } d_nx^n$. Then the coefficients of the reciprocal of $f(x)$ can be written down. The first few terms are:
$d_0 = \frac{...
- 579
25
votes
4
answers
5k
views
Why is $ \frac{\pi^2}{12}=\ln(2)$ not true?
This question may sound ridiculous at first sight, but let me please show you all how I arrived at the aforementioned 'identity'.
Let us begin with (one of the many) equalities established by Euler:
...
- 4,829
24
votes
3
answers
16k
views
What's an example of a function whose Taylor series converges to the wrong thing?
Can anyone provide an example of a real-valued function f with a convergent Taylor series that converges to a function that is not equal to f (not even locally)?
- 461
19
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Integral representation of higher order derivatives
I'm quite curious about the following phenomena, that still puzzle me although I have a proof, and I'd be really glad if someone may shred some light, showing an interpretation or a generalization. I ...
- 60.6k
18
votes
3
answers
1k
views
A curious series related to the asymptotic behavior of the tetration
The tetration is denoted $^n a$, where $a$ is called the base and $n$ is called the height, and is defined for $n\in\mathbb N\cup\{-1,\,0\}$ by the recurrence
$$
{^{-1} a} = 0, \quad {^{n+1} a} = a^{\...
- 6,829
11
votes
1
answer
413
views
Estimating the growth of the Taylor coefficients given the growth of the function at the boundary
Let $f(z)=\sum a_nz^n$ be a Taylor series that converges for $|z|<1$ and satisfies
$$
|f(z)|\le \frac{1}{(1-|z|)^{k}}
$$
for some fixed $k>0$.
Question: What can I deduce about the growth of the ...
- 43.2k
10
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Fourier series of $\log(a +b\cos(x))$?
By numerical computation it seems like, if $a_0 < a_1$:
$$
\begin{multline}
\log({a_0}^2 + {a_1}^2 + 2 a_0 a_1 \cos(\omega t)) = \log({a_0}^2 + {a_1}^2) \\
+ \frac{a_0}{a_1}\cos(\omega t)
- \frac{...
10
votes
3
answers
4k
views
Estimate for tail of power series of exponential function?
I would like to have an estimate for the infinite series
$$
\sum_{k=B}^\infty \frac{A^k}{k!},
$$
where $A$ is a large positive quantity and $B$ is just a little bit bigger than $A$, namely, $B = A + C ...
- 12.8k
8
votes
3
answers
759
views
Transformation converting power series to Bernoulli polynomial series
I wonder, can anyone describe an expression or formula of a transform that converts
$$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{a_k x^k}{k!}$$
into
$$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{a_k B_k(x)}{k!}$$
where $B_k(x)$ are ...
- 10.1k
8
votes
3
answers
2k
views
What characterizes rational functions with nonnegative integer Taylor coefficients?
I believe that there is a statement along the following lines (I would, of course, love to be corrected): a formal power series is the Taylor expansion of a rational function if and only if the ...
- 54.6k
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Polynomial approximation for square root function with fast convergence and bounded coefficients
Let $\delta, \varepsilon \in (0,1)$. I am interested in a sequence $\{f_n\}$ of polynomial approximations of the square root function $x \to x^{1/2}$ on $[\delta,1]$, of the form
$$
f_n(x) = \sum_{i=0}...
- 483
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Taylor expansion of cumulant generating function
For the characteristic function $\mathbf E e^{i t X}$ of a random variable $X$ with $n+1$ finite moments, there is the well known and easy to prove bound on the remainder of the Taylor series
$$\left\...
- 623
8
votes
1
answer
495
views
$f(f(z)) = z , f(\exp(z)) = \exp(f(z)) $?
While talking about tetration with my friend the following idea (re)occured.
$$f(f(z)) = z ,\quad f(\exp(z)) = \exp(f(z)) \tag{A}\label{A}$$
or variations of it like the weaker
$$f(f(f(f(z)))) = z ,\...
- 763
7
votes
2
answers
6k
views
Using Weierstrass’s Factorization Theorem
I am trying to factorize $\sin(x)\over x$ which by Taylor series expansion and using the roots is $$a \cdot \left(1 - \frac{x}{\pi} \right) \left(1 + \frac{x}{\pi} \right) \left(1 - \frac{x}{2\pi} \...
- 5,935
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Is there a bound for Lipschitz constant in terms of second differences?
It is easy to show that if $f\colon[0,1]\to\mathbb R$ and $|f|\leq A$ and $|f''|\leq B$ then~$|f'|\leq 4A+B$. Indeed, by Taylor formula with remainder $f(x)=f(c)+(x-c)f'(c)+\frac12(x-c)^2f''(d)$ where ...
- 16.6k
7
votes
1
answer
684
views
A function with positive decreasing Taylor coefficients?
The function $\frac{x}{\ln(1-x)}$ has a Taylor series $-1+c_1x+c_2x^2+\cdots$ and I want to show $c_1>c_2>\cdots>0$. More generally, is there a result about how a function has positive Taylor ...
- 71
7
votes
0
answers
294
views
Weaker version of the Borel lemma for vector-valued functions
Borel's lemma for Frechét-spaces $V$ says:
(i) For every $(v_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}} \in V^\mathbb{N}$ there exists a smooth $f: \mathbb{R} \to V$ such that
$$f^{(j)}(0) = v_j.$$
For general locally ...
- 1,484
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Analyzing the decay rate of Taylor series coefficients when high-order derivatives are intractable
This could be a soft question. I am trying to show that the $n$-th Taylor series coefficient of a function is $O(n^{-5/2})$. However, because the function is a function composition of another function ...
- 212
6
votes
2
answers
404
views
What's the summation of formal series $\sum_{n\geq0}\binom{n\delta}{n}x^n$？
$\delta$ is a positive number. Is this Taylor expansion of some function?
- 61
6
votes
1
answer
313
views
Laurent expansion of inverse of vandermonde determinant
I wish to find the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of the inverse of the Vandermonde determinant, that is, the Laurent expansion at 0 of
$$\prod_{1\leq i<j \leq n}(x_j-x_i)^{-1}.$$
We can ...
- 15.8k
6
votes
2
answers
410
views
Taylor expansion theorem for Gateaux differentiable functions
I am having a hard time studying Gateaux derivatives (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateaux_derivative), it seems that every author mentions the concept but only as a cliffhanger to study Fréchet ...
6
votes
0
answers
2k
views
Do smooth cutoff functions analytically continue functions?
My goal is to prove (or disprove) that sufficiently smooth and quickly decaying cutoff functions being tacked on to a Taylor series correctly extend the radius of convergence to the analytic ...
- 1,740
5
votes
2
answers
426
views
An interesting calculation of derivative
I was trying to get the probability distribution $p(n)$ from a generating function $G(s)$ like this:
$G(s) = e^{a(s-1)^2}=\sum s^np(n)$
I need first to do Maclaurin expansion of the exponential and ...
- 153
5
votes
1
answer
363
views
Bounding higher derivatives of $f(x) = 1/(1+x^2)^r$
Let $r\in \lbrack 0,\infty)$. Define $f(x) = 1/(1+x^2)^r$. It would seem to be the case that $$|f^{(k)}(x)|\leq \frac{2r \cdot (2r+1) \dotsb (2r + k-1)}{(1+x^2)^{r + k/2}}$$ for all even $k\geq 0$. ...
- 20.2k
5
votes
1
answer
353
views
Family of functions with prescribed derivatives
Suppose $f: \mathbb C \times (-1,1) \to \mathbb C$ is a smooth function that satisfies $f(0,t)=1$ for all $t\in (-1,1)$. Assume that for any $k\in \mathbb N$, any $z \in \mathbb C$ and any $t \in (-1,...
- 4,115
5
votes
2
answers
671
views
Lower Bounds for the Roots of Polynomials
I'm interested in the "size" of the roots of a sequence of Taylor Polynomials of an entire function.
For example, consider $\mathrm f(z) = \mathrm e^z$. The Taylor Polynomials, or $k$-jets, are
$$\...
- 310
5
votes
2
answers
598
views
Taylor $k$-differentiability of a real function at a point
I am interested in the standard name for the following weak form of $k$-differentiability.
Definition. A function $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ is called Taylor $k$-differentiable at a point $x_0$ if ...
- 42k
5
votes
3
answers
756
views
Taylor series coefficients
This question arose in connection with A hard integral identity on MATH.SE.
Let
$$f(x)=\arctan{\left (\frac{S(x)}{\pi+S(x)}\right)}$$
with $S(x)=\operatorname{arctanh} x -\arctan x$, and let
$$f(x)=\...
- 16.5k
5
votes
1
answer
384
views
Asymptotic growth of the of Taylor coefficients of the inverse of a function
Let $f(x)=\sum_{n\geq 1} c_n\cdot x^n$ be a function given by a power series. Further there is some $\alpha >1$ such that for all $n$, $c_n = \Theta(1/n^{\alpha})$. What can one say about the ...
- 61
5
votes
1
answer
432
views
Taylor-like expansion for a holomorphic function in non-simply-connected domain
Suppose $f$ is a holomorphic function in a simply connected open set $U$, and we know it's Taylor expansion at a point $p\in U$. We can then find a holomorphic map $g$ of $U$ to the unit disc which ...
- 1,488
5
votes
0
answers
681
views
The Basel problem revisited?
In the Basel problem, the $sinc$ function is considered at the Wikipedia page.
Let me try to make an alternative function definition:
$$f(x) = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \left ( 1+ \frac{x^3}{n^3} \right ) = \...
- 3,144
5
votes
0
answers
266
views
Hadamard lemma without integration
Let $I$ be the ideal of smooth germs vanishing at zero. Let $I^{k+1}$ be the ideal generated by $(k+1)$-fold product of such germs. Write $F_k$ for the ideal of $k$-flat germs at zero.
By the product ...
- 10.5k
5
votes
0
answers
78
views
Complexity of calculating $f^{(n)}(0)$/extracting a coefficient of a functions taylor-series
Many combinatorial problems can be solved using generating functions.
In such a case, we obtain a function $f(x)$, which (for usual) has a taylor-expansion:
$$
f(x) = \sum_{n\ge 0 } a_n x^n
$$
So ...
- 151
5
votes
0
answers
281
views
Szegő curve for partial sum of Taylor series of Riemann $\Xi(z)$ function
I am sorry that this is long post. But it might be of interest to you.
This post is related to zeros of partial sum of Taylor series of $e^x-1$.
Entire functions $e^z$, $\cos(z)$, and $\sin(z)$ can ...
- 603
4
votes
1
answer
518
views
Taylor expansion of Stieltjes Transform
I'm trying to derive a very basic result stated in several books on random matrix theory (e.g. Terry Tao's book and Potters & Bouchaud's book).
Given a symmetric matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times ...
- 204
4
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Taylor series on a Riemannian manifold
I need some help for the following problem.
Let $M$ a riemannian manifold and $f$ a smooth differential function, then consider the following integral $$\int_M \Gamma(x,y)(f(y)-f(x))dV_y$$
where $dV_y$...
- 49
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Taylor expansion of determinant of Riemannian metric in normal coordinates up to higher order
Let $(M,g)$ be an $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Let $p\in M$, and let $\{x^i\}_{i=1}^n$ be normal coordinates centered around $p$.
Using Jacobi field, one can show that the metric $g$ has the ...
4
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Taylor's series for Lie groups
Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be two (matrix) Lie groups, with $L(G_1)$ and $L(G_2)$ their respective Lie algebras.
I am interested to know if there is a well developed theory to approximate a (sufficiently) ...
4
votes
3
answers
698
views
What or where is the series expansion of the function $\ln\bigl(\frac{\tan x}{x}-1\bigr)$ or $\ln(\tan x-x)$ around $x=0$?
It is known that
\begin{equation*}
\tan x=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{2^{2k}\bigl(2^{2k}-1\bigr)}{(2k)!}|B_{2k}|x^{2k-1}, \quad |x|<\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{equation*}
and
\begin{equation*}
\ln\tan x=\ln x+\...
- 1,101
4
votes
3
answers
506
views
An apparently simple question (behaviour at infinity of a power series)
Let $(a_n)$ be a sequence of real numbers, and suppose that the real power series (function) $S(x):=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n x^n$ converges for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$.
$\mathbf{Question}$: Suppose ...
- 51
4
votes
2
answers
235
views
Properties of signomial Functions in one variable
I am interested in functions of the form: \sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j x^{p_j} where p_j can be any non-negative real number. Wikipedia has informed me that this is a subset of the signomial functions, but ...
- 41
4
votes
1
answer
225
views
Approximate the square root of (1-X) efficiently through (nested) products
Currently, I encountered a problem of approximating the following
series:
$$
(I-X)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=I+\frac{1}{2}X+\frac{1\cdot3}{2\cdot4}X^{2}+\frac{1\cdot3\cdot5}{2\cdot4\cdot6}X^{3}+\ldots
$$
where ...
- 133
4
votes
0
answers
155
views
Covergence of fractional Taylor series
Let $f(x)$ be a function that is continuous and infinitely smooth on entire $\mathbb R$. Let's consider Taylor-Maclaurin series for this function:
$$f(x) = \sum_{0}^{∞}\frac{f^n(x_0)(x-x_0)^n}{n!}$$
...
4
votes
0
answers
719
views
Functional Taylor expansion for differential entropy
Consider an continuous distribution $F$ with density $f$. The (differential) Shannon entropy of $f$ is
$h(f)=-\int f(x)\log f(x) dx$.
In the literature of differential entropy estimation, ...
- 155
3
votes
2
answers
607
views
Are there any techniques that can be used in the case when a Neumann series doesn't converge?
Suppose we have a bounded linear operator $A = A(\gamma):H_1\to H_2$ where $H_1$ and $H_2$ are Hilbert spaces and $\gamma>0$ is some parameter, and we are interested in the solution to
$$
(I-A)x = ...
- 175
3
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Closed form of a type of generalised exponential functions
Let a generalised exponential function exp_{m,n} (I'm not sure if this notation is already used by anything else) be defined as such, for n a positive integer and m between 0 and n-1 (inclusive):
...
- 31
3
votes
2
answers
247
views
aproximate sum involving binomial coefficients
I have the problem for computing the j-derivative of a logarithm, with $j\gg1$
\begin{equation}
c_j=\left.\frac{\partial^j}{\partial s^j}\log\left(1+Ae^s+Be^{2s}\right)\right|_{s=0},
\end{equation}
...
- 183
3
votes
1
answer
212
views
Other expansion for positive Taylor expansion
I was thinking of the following problem. Let $f$ be a Taylor expansion and $a_k$ the associated coefficients,
$$\forall x\in\mathbb{R},~f(x)\triangleq\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_kx^k.$$
Let suppose that we ...
- 393
3
votes
1
answer
138
views
Can the coefficients of a Taylor series be expressed as rational functions for an affine variety?
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field and $V \subseteq k^n$ an affine variety corresponding to a prime ideal $P \subseteq k[t_1, \dots, t_n]$. For $x\in V$ let $O_x = \{p/q \mid p,q\in k[t_1, \dots,...
- 696