Questions tagged [trigonometric-sums]
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75 questions
34
votes
3
answers
5k
views
A trigonometric equation: how hard could it be?
The following problem started out with a formulation in terms of complex numbers: let $\epsilon=e^{\frac{\pi i}3}$ and $z=e^{\frac{2\pi i}{3(2n-1)}}$. It's rather amusing that the following appears to ...
- 43.2k
32
votes
3
answers
3k
views
A conjectural trigonometric identity
Recently, I formulated the following conjecture which seems novel.
Conjecture. For any positive odd integer $n$, we have the identity
$$\sum_{j,k=0}^{n-1}\frac1{\cos 2\pi j/n+\cos 2\pi k/n}=\frac{n^2}...
- 15.6k
21
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Boundedness of sum of sin(sin(n))
Playing with desmos I have accidentally noticed that the sequence of partial sums
$$\left\{ \sum_{n=1}^{N}\sin(\sin(n)) : N\geq 1 \right\}$$
is bounded.
However, I did not succeed in proving this ...
21
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Trigonometric inequality
For odd and coprime positive integers $p$ and $q$, the following inequality holds:
$$\sum_{m=1}^{p} \sum_{n=1}^{q} \frac{2}{\cos(\frac{2m\pi}{p})+\cos(\frac{2n\pi}{q})} \le pq(|p-q|+1)$$
Unfortunately,...
- 683
18
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Show that $(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\cos{k})^2+(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\sin{k})^2\le (2+\frac{n}{4})\sum_{k=1}^{n}x^2_{k}$
Let $x_{1},x_{2},\cdots,x_{n}>0$, show that
$$\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\cos{k}\right)^2+\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\sin{k}\right)^2\le \left(2+\dfrac{n}{4}\right)\sum_{k=1}^{n}x^2_{k}$$
This ...
- 3,153
13
votes
1
answer
813
views
Summation of series involving $\sinh$ of a square root
Consider the following series:
$$
S = \sum_{\text{odd } n} \sum_{\text{odd } m} \frac{(-1)^{(n+m)/2}}{nm} \frac{\sinh( \pi \sqrt{n^2 + m^2}/2)}{\sinh( \pi \sqrt{n^2 + m^2})}
$$
From the physical ...
user76025
11
votes
2
answers
1k
views
A problem in additive combinatorics
$\color{red}{\mathrm{Problem:}}$
$n\geq3$ is a given positive integer, and $a_1 ,a_2, a_3, \ldots ,a_n$ are all given integers that aren't multiples of $n$ and $a_1 + \cdots + a_n$ is also not a ...
- 302
11
votes
0
answers
2k
views
A question on trig series
Assume $\{a_k\}_{k\ge1}$ is a real sequence such that $u(x) = \sum_{k\ge 1}a_k\sin(kx)$ is a smooth function, and for every $x \in [-\pi, \pi]$
$$\left(\sum_{k\ge 1}\frac{a_k}{k}\sin(kx)\right)\left(\...
- 903
9
votes
2
answers
799
views
Need to bound a trigonometric sum
Let $\boldsymbol{\theta}=(\theta_1,\ldots,\theta_m)$ be a vector of real numbers in $[-\pi,\pi]$. For $t\ge 0$, define
$$ f(t,\boldsymbol{\theta}) = \binom{m+t-1}{t}^{-1}
\sum_{j_1+\cdots+j_m=t} \exp(...
- 37.7k
9
votes
2
answers
440
views
How to prove this sum involving powers of cosec is an integer?
It is claimed that the following function produces only integer values for all integer $m \geq 1$, $N \geq 2$.
$F(m,N)=\frac{N^m}{2^m}\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{N-1} \operatorname{cosec} ^{2m}\left(\...
- 201
9
votes
1
answer
643
views
Infinite series with inverse trigonometric functions
Consider the infinite series
$$
F(s)=\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{k^{2s+1} \sin(k \pi \sqrt{2})}
$$
Prudnikov Vol.1 , gives a result for this sum in 5.4.16.13 for $s=1.$
$$
F(1)=-\frac{13 \pi^3}{360 \...
- 91
8
votes
2
answers
951
views
Better trigonometrical inequalities for $\zeta(s)$?
The inequality $$3 + 4 \cos \theta + \cos 2 \theta \geq 0$$ plays a key role in the proof of the classical zero-free region of the Riemann zeta function. Are there other inequalities of the form
$$\...
- 20.2k
8
votes
1
answer
517
views
Integer solutions of $2\cos\left(\frac{p\pi}n\right)+2\cos\left(\frac{q\pi}n\right)+4\cos\left(\frac{p\pi}n\right)\cos\left(\frac{q\pi}n\right)=1$
I asked this question on MSE yesterday. Due to observations that I have made only after that, I feel that it may be a much harder problem than it looks like. So, I am posting the question here as well....
user506548
7
votes
2
answers
853
views
Closed formula for sine powers
I am looking for a closed formula for the expressions
$$ \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \sin\left(\pi \frac{k}{n}\right)^m,$$
with $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and $m \in \mathbb{N}$ odd.
Playing with these sums a bit, I ...
- 9,853
7
votes
2
answers
432
views
closed form for an alternating cosecant sum
Is there any closed form for the following finite sum
$$\sum_{j=1}^{n-1}\frac{(-1)^j}{\sin (\frac{j\pi}{n})}$$
where $n$ is an even number?
Any comment or reference is welcome.
- 711
7
votes
3
answers
771
views
Something interesting about the quintic $x^5 + x^4 - 4 x^3 - 3 x^2 + 3 x + 1=0$ and its cousins
(Update):
Courtesy of Myerson's and Elkies' answers, we find a second cyclic quintic for $\cos\frac{2\pi}{p}$ with $p=\text{1 mod 10}$ as,
$$\frac{z^5}{\beta} = 10 z^3 - 20 n^2 z^2 + 5 (3 n^4 - 25 n^...
- 12.6k
7
votes
2
answers
340
views
Sum of $\sin$ when angles shrink by $1/n$
There are many identities known like
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sin (k \cdot \theta + \varphi) = \frac{\sin\left(n \cdot \frac{\theta}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{2 \...
- 749
7
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Salie-type sum bound
I am interested in bounding the following Salie-type ("twisted Kloosterman") sum
$$
S(a,b,\beta) = \sum_{x \in \mathbb{Z}/{p^{\beta}}\mathbb{Z}} \left( \frac{x}{p^{\beta}} \right) \chi(ax + bx^{-1}).
...
- 197
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Trigonometric identities
In the rant I wrote at
http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/trigonometric+identities+and+the+irrationality+of+pi
I asked: Are these four identities the first four terms in a sequence that continues?
This ...
7
votes
0
answers
317
views
Multiple Fourier series
In the book by Elias M.Stein and Guido Weiss "Introduction to Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces" one states in page 268 the following theorem:
Theorem 1: The trigonometric series
$$\...
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Geometric explanation of Hutton's formula?
$$\frac{\pi}{4} = 2 \tan^{-1} \frac{1}{3} + \tan^{-1} \frac{1}{7} \;.$$
Is there some geometric construction that explains this beautiful equation
(known as Hutton's formula)?
Perhaps a "proof without ...
- 151k
6
votes
3
answers
441
views
The first zero-crossing of a combination of sines
Let $\{c_i\}_{i=1}^n$ be a sequence of real numbers such that $c_i \geq 0$ for each $i$ and $\sum_{i=1}^n c_i = 1$. Let $\omega_i \in [\delta, \Delta]$ for each $i$, where $\delta$ and $\Delta$ are ...
- 61
6
votes
1
answer
374
views
Asymptotic behavior of a certain trigonometric partial sum
Let $a<0$ and $b>0$ be real numbers such that $a<-2b$. Let $n>1$ be a positive integer and consider the following partial sum:
$$
f(n) = \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n} (-1)^{...
- 2,712
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Distribution of distances of successive zeros of $f(x)={\rm cos}(x)+{\rm cos}(\alpha x)+{\rm cos}(\beta x)$
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be incommensurate real numbers.
Consider the function
$f(x)={\rm cos}(x)+{\rm cos}(\alpha x)+{\rm cos}(\beta x)$
and its positive zeros $x_k(\alpha,\beta)$.
Fix $\alpha$ and ...
- 161
6
votes
1
answer
399
views
Eigenvalues of partial Hankel matrices
I was wondering if there are closed formulas for the singularvalues of a partial Hankel matrix (by partial I mean $\ell<n$)
\begin{align*}
H=
\begin{bmatrix}
c_1 & c_2 & \ldots & c_\...
- 363
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Estimating a sum of gauss sums
Hey guys, I'm concerned with bounding the following sum of gauss sums from above
$$\sum_{p\leq x}~{\frac{1}{(p-1)^2}}\sum_{m=1}^{p-1}~\sum_{\chi~(p)}~\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}{~\chi^m(a)e\left(\frac{a}{p}\...
- 61
6
votes
0
answers
80
views
Delaying the first zero of a trigonometric series
Let $a_1,\ldots,a_n \in [0,1], \omega_1,\ldots,\omega_n \in (0,+\infty)$, and define, for every $t \ge 0$,
$$
f(t) := \sum_{i = 1}^n a_i \sin(\omega_i t).
$$
I'm interested in trying to optimize the ...
- 562
5
votes
3
answers
787
views
positive sum of sines
This was asked but never answered at MSE.
Let $f(x) = \sin(a_1x) + \sin(a_2x) + \cdots + \sin(a_nx)$, where the $a_i$'s
represent distinct positive integers. Suppose also that $f(x)$ satisfies the ...
- 1,411
5
votes
1
answer
244
views
Smallest regular $m$-gon covering a regular $n$-gon
I start by stating the problem, which is already hinted in the title of the question. I do believe it is a research-level question.
Let us fix a regular $n$-gon with area $1$. What is the smallest ...
- 1,889
5
votes
2
answers
289
views
About trigonometric series of the Lip $\alpha$ class
Assume we have a trigonometric series
$$
f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n\sin nx \in \text{Lip }\alpha, \, 0<\alpha <1.
$$
Is there anything we can say about the series
$$
g(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} |...
5
votes
0
answers
403
views
Generalization of Pompeiu's theorem
Let us recall the statement of
Pompeiu's theorem. Let $A_1A_2A_3$ be a regular triangle inscribed in a circle $\omega$. Let $X$ be an arbitrary point on the arc $A_1A_3$. Then $$|XA_1|-|XA_2|+|XA_3|=...
- 691
5
votes
0
answers
117
views
Concentration of weighted random chirp
I'm interested in seeing whether the following is true. Assume $u$ is uniform on $[0,1]$. For a fixed $x\in\mathbb{C}^n$ with $\|x\|_{2}=1$ we have
\begin{align*}
\mathbb{P}\Big\{\Big|\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}...
- 859
4
votes
2
answers
332
views
The complex trigonometric function degenerates to the positive integer
For any integer $N \geq 2$, we have the identity:
$$\frac{\ \prod _{n=1}^{N-1}\ \left(2+2\sum _{m=1}^{n\ }\cos \frac{\ m\pi \ }{N}\ \right)\ }{\prod _{n=1}^{N-1}\ \left(1+2\sum _{m=1}^{n\ }\cos \frac{\...
- 43
4
votes
2
answers
656
views
Non-standard Gauss sums
I have the following problem. Let $p$ be some prime. What is the value of
\begin{equation}
\sum_{k=1}^{p-1} \left(\frac{k+1}{p}\right) \omega_p^{kl},
\end{equation}
where $\left(\frac{k+1}{p}\right)$ ...
- 145
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
The cotangent sum $\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^k\cot\Big(\frac{\pi}{4n}(2k+1)\Big)=n$
On the Wolfram Research Reference page for the cotangent function (https://functions.wolfram.com/ElementaryFunctions/Cot/23/01/), I saw the following partial sum formula
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^k\cot\...
- 195
4
votes
1
answer
377
views
Identities for Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind
While calculating an integral in a quantum mechanical problem by two different methods, I came across the following identity
$$\sum_{k=0}^n\sum_{m=0}^{2k}(-2)^m\binom{2(n-k)}{n-k}\binom{2k}{k}\binom{...
- 16.5k
4
votes
1
answer
216
views
Chances for a cosine polynomial to be positive at a point
Let $k_1,\ldots,k_n$ be distinct integers. Let $s_n(t)=\cos (k_1t)+\cdots+\cos (k_nt)$ be a trigonometric sum. Consider any interval $I\subset [-\pi,\pi)$ of length $\delta=\delta(n)$. Let $\,U$ be a ...
- 2,288
4
votes
1
answer
518
views
Summations in $\tan^2$
Hey all,
I was just wondering if anyone had come across the following identities, valid for $m\in\mathbb{N}$. I've used Abramowitz and Stegun, Maple, Mathematica etc but can't find them anywhere. I ...
- 211
4
votes
0
answers
150
views
Trigonometric sum and residues
I am interested in the sum
$$
\sum_{n=1}^k 2\biggl[\sin\biggl(\frac{n\pi}{2k+2}\biggr)\biggr]^{-2g}
$$
where $k$, $g$ are integers. It is not too hard to show that this can also be expressed as
$$
-1-...
- 195
4
votes
0
answers
289
views
A uniform Riemann sum approximation of the integral of the Fejer kernels
Let $F_N(t)$ denote the Fejer kernel
$$F_N(t):={1\over N+1}{\sin^2\big({(N+1)}{t\over2}\big)\over \sin^2\big( {t\over2}\big)}\ .$$
Consider Riemann sums approximation for $\int_{-\pi}^\pi F_N(t) dt$ ...
- 136
3
votes
1
answer
771
views
Inequality involving sine and cosine
I am trying to prove that given $A,B,C,D,E,F \in \big]0,\frac{\pi}{2}\big]$ fixed and $A+C \geq E$ and the following equation holds for $\mu = 1$:
$$\sin(\mu A)\cos(\mu B) + \sin(\mu C)\cos(\mu D) - \...
- 447
3
votes
2
answers
231
views
Inductive proof of $s(n)≤n+1$
I was able to conclude, numerically, the following:
$$s(n) = \sum_{j=0}^n\frac{(-4)^j}{(2j+1)!}\left(\sum_{k=j}^n\frac{(k+1)(2k+1)(k+j)!}{(k-j)!}\right)x^{2j+2}\le n+1$$
for $x\in[0,1]$. For example
...
- 161
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Convergence of a Trigonometric Series
After working with a Fourier series for a while, I realized that it would be of great help to me if I could prove that the following limit is zero:
$$\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{1}{N}\sum_{m=1}^\infty\frac{...
- 2,506
3
votes
1
answer
147
views
Trigonometric cancellation on the unit circle
Let $z \in \mathbb{C}$ with $|z|=1$ and $z\ne 1$. Now consider the sum
$$S(N,p)=\sum_{k=0}^N k^p z^k,$$
for some positive integers $N,p$.
An immediate upper bound on $|S(N,p)|$ is
$$|S(N,p)|\le C_1(...
- 265
3
votes
0
answers
106
views
A new arranging of discrete sine transform
Let $n$ be even and consider the discrete sine transform of type 5 which is the matrix
$$S=\left(\sin(k+1)(l+1)\frac{\pi}{n+\frac12}\right)_{k,l=0}^{n-1}$$
Let us denote by $s_{-,l}$ the $l^{\text{...
- 4,058
3
votes
0
answers
377
views
For which values of $ x$ we have $\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}x^{\tan(n!)-n!}$ converges?
The copy of this question is posted here
I have tried to to determine values of real $x$ for which $\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}x^{\tan(n!)-n!}$ converges but I can't , Presumably the set of values $\{ ...
3
votes
0
answers
152
views
Bounding expected value of maximum of dot product with random chirp
Let $\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{C}^n$ with $\|\mathbf{x}\|=1$ with $n<\frac{N}{2}$. I am interested in a bound of the form
\begin{equation*}
\mathbb{E}\Big\{\max_{k\in\{1,2,\ldots,n\}}\Big|\sum_{a=1}^ne^{...
- 859
3
votes
0
answers
119
views
Does the following inequality hold under Zygmund condition?
Let $f:R\rightarrow R$ be a continuous function which satisfies the Zygmund condition
$$
|f(x+\delta)+f(x-\delta)-2f(x)|\leq \text{const} \frac{|\delta|}{(\log\frac{1}{|\delta|})^{\alpha}}, \,\, \...
- 197
2
votes
1
answer
230
views
$L_p$ norms of $0-1$ exponential sums
Consider $f_n(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}e^{ik_{i}t}$ with all $k_i$ some distinct integers for $t\in [-\pi,\pi)$. For $p>2$ I am interested in the maximum possible value of $$||f_n||_p,$$
where $f_n$ runs ...
- 2,288
2
votes
1
answer
682
views
Maximal minimum for a sum of two (or more) cosines
Please prove (or disprove, and give the correct answer):
$$2 =\mathrm{argmax}_{r\geq 1}\min_{x\in \mathbb{R}}\left[\cos\left(x\right)+\cos\left(rx\right)\right]
$$
In other words, find $r \geq 1$, ...
- 968