All Questions
5,629 questions
1
vote
0
answers
106
views
Improper integral of products and ratios of probability density functions
I am trying to find out whether the following integral is finite. The integrand consists of product of probability density functions.
$\int \frac{f(x_1,x_2, x_4^*)}{f(x_1^*,x_2, x^*_4)}\frac{f(x_1,...
- 11
2
votes
0
answers
275
views
Smoothness of coefficients of remainder term in Taylor expansion
Given a $C^{k}$ function $f:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R},$ we can use Taylor's theorem to write it as
$$f(x)=\sum_{|\alpha|\le k-1} c_\alpha x^\alpha + R(x),$$
where $R$ is $C^k$ and can be expressed ...
- 203
2
votes
0
answers
279
views
Can a bounded open set in $R^n$ be always approximated from outside with a finite union of dyadic cubes?
Suppose we have a bounded open set $S$ in $R^n$. Consider the collection of closed dyadic cubes $C_k$'s (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic_cubes). I was wondering if there always exists a finite ...
- 131
3
votes
2
answers
496
views
Differentiate a growing volume
Let me motivate my question with this example.
The volume integral of a ball $\int_{B(0,R)} dx$ can be written as an integral over the surface of balls, i.e.
$$\int_{B(0,R)} dx = \int_0^R \int_{\...
- 33
0
votes
1
answer
697
views
How much do we know about this "local" Hardy-Littlewood maximal function?
The "local" Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is given by $$(M_\phi f)(x)= \sup_{0<\epsilon<1}|\phi_\epsilon \ast f|(x),$$ which is similar to the classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal function : $$...
- 171
-1
votes
1
answer
508
views
Derivative of smooth function change sign infinitely on [0,1]? [closed]
Can the derivative $f^\prime$ of a smooth function $f\in C^\infty[0,1]$ change sign infinitely many times (or $f$ have infinitely many isolated critical points)? If yes, how about an analytic function ...
- 113
7
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Upper semicontinuity of set-valued maps with open values
Let $X$ and $Y$ be metric spaces. The $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-definition of continuity of single-valued maps can be rephrased as:
Let $f$ be a single-valued map from $X$ to $Y$. $f$ is continuous at ...
- 183
7
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Two different kinds of definitions of $C^k(\overline{\Omega})$ — extension and restriction
This is cross-posted in MSE.
I have seen two different kinds of definitions of the notation $C^k(\overline{\Omega})$ — by "extension" of functions on $\Omega$ or by "restriction" of functions on $\...
user14319
5
votes
4
answers
497
views
Integral of the distance function to the boundary of a planar set
I have been stuck for a few days in a seemingly harmless question.
Given a simply connected open set $\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^2$, with smooth boundary $\partial\Sigma$, I am interested in estimating
$...
- 165
6
votes
2
answers
231
views
Subsets $X$ such that their Hausdorff outer measure is not finite
Let $H^d:\mathcal{P}(\mathbf{R}^n) \to \mathbf{R}\cup \{\infty\}$ be the $d$-dimensional Hausdorff outer measure on $\mathbf{R}^n$, for some $0<d<n$ with $n$ integer, which is constructed in the ...
- 1,511
0
votes
1
answer
563
views
Continuous Sobolev embedding
I have a question about Sobolev spaces.
In the following, we assume $d \ge 2$.
Let $D$ be a domain of $\mathbb{R}^d$. That is, $D$ is a connected open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$. Note that $D$ is not ...
- 721
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
The convolution of a $L^1$ function and an approximate identity
It is well known that the convolution of a $L^1$ function and a Schwartz function is also in $L^1$, by Young's inequality for convolution. Let $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $\phi\in S(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ...
- 171
7
votes
0
answers
221
views
integrality of a Riccati-type equation
The following is a problem we were unable to prove and left stated in the paper
"Arithmetical properties of a sequence arising from an arctangent sum", J. Numb. Theory 128 (2008) 1807–1846.
Define ...
- 43.2k
-1
votes
1
answer
180
views
Orthogonal polynomials of the second kind
Let $L: \mathbb{R}[x] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a positive definite linear functional and let that $\{s_n\}$ be a positive semi-definite sequence such that $L(x^n)= s_n, n\ge 0.$ Given a positive ...
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
238
views
Does the bounded extension of the Fourier multiplier operator agrees with its original explicit definition?
We consider the Fourier multiplier operator $T_0$ defined by the explicit expression
$$(T_0f)(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}{e^{ix\cdot \xi}m(\xi)\hat{f}(\xi)d\xi}, \ f\in S(\mathbb{R}^n),$$ where $S(\mathbb{...
- 171
1
vote
0
answers
183
views
Stochastic increasing convex ordering
Consider $n \geq 2$ and the simplex
\begin{equation}
\Delta=\{(p_1,\cdots,p_n) \in \mathbb{R}^{n} \mid \forall i, p_i \geq 0 \text{ and } \sum_{i=1}^{n}{p_i}=1\}
\end{equation}
Suppose that $\Delta$ ...
- 111
5
votes
1
answer
461
views
Integrals involving the Lambert function W
I'm actually struggling on a calculation of an integral involving the Lambert function W.
Let $\tilde{w}$>0 a parameter that I will tune to $0^+$ at the end of my calculation.
I'm interested in the ...
2
votes
0
answers
202
views
Universal chord theorem for curves
Let $\mathrm{\gamma} : [0,1] \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a piecewise smooth, simple plane curve.
Assume $\gamma(0) = (0,0)$, $\gamma(1) = (1,0)$ and that the slope of the tangent is not $0$ wherever it's ...
- 121
7
votes
1
answer
313
views
Surprisingly simple minimum of a rational function on $\mathbb R_+^n$
Motivation:
The following problem has occurred in a study of energy dissipation in a chain of coupled, damped oscillators.
The problem:
Let me define specific rational functions $f$, $g$, and $...
- 686
3
votes
0
answers
588
views
Time-dependent Sobolev spaces
Given the Sobolev space $H^1((a,b);H^2(\mathbb{R}))$ and a function $g$ in that space. Consider now another function $f \in C_c^{\infty}((a,b) \times \mathbb{R}).$ Then
for almost any $t \in (a,b)$ we ...
- 31
4
votes
1
answer
293
views
Points of differentiability of $f(x) = \sum\limits_{n : q_n < x} c_n$
Let, $\{q_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ be an enumeration of rational numbers. Consider the function $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ given by, $$\displaystyle f(x) = \sum\limits_{n : q_n < x} c_n$$
...
- 810
3
votes
1
answer
373
views
Ability to have function sequence converging to zero at some points
Consider the continuous and non negative function $c : \mathbb R \to [0,1]$ defined by $$
c(x) = \begin{cases}
\cos \frac{\pi x}{2} &\text{for } x \in [-1,1]\\
0 &\text{otherwise}
\end{cases}$$...
- 1,355
2
votes
1
answer
497
views
Linear map of finite or infinite extreme points. Discuss injectivity and surjectivity
Before entering my problem, let me review some related results:
Suppose $\mathcal{S}$ is a convex hull of finite points: $\mathcal{S}=\operatorname{conv}(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_m)$, then
By "https://...
- 345
6
votes
1
answer
314
views
Generators of a convex cone defined by a differential inequality
Consider the cone of continuously twice differentiable functions mapping positive reals to itself (i.e., $f\in C^2(\mathbb R_{++})$ and $f\colon \mathbb R_{++}\to\mathbb R_{++}$) that satisfy
\begin{...
- 61
1
vote
1
answer
192
views
Neumann-Poincare operator is in the Schatten class
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\ge 3$. We define the Neumann-Poincare operator(or double layer potential) $K: L^2(\partial\Omega)\to L^2(\partial\Omega)$ by
$$(Kf)(x)=\int_{\...
- 171
4
votes
1
answer
283
views
Absolutely continuity in variation of constant formula
We are talking here about the initial value problem on some Hilbert space $H$
$$y'(t)=Ay(t)+f(t), \\ y(0)=y_0 \in D(A).$$(Problem 1.13 in the reference)
Then $y(t)=e^{At}y_0 + \int_0^t e^{A(t-s)}f(s) ...
- 43
1
vote
1
answer
211
views
Eigenvalues of the double layer potential
Consider the double layer potential $K: L^2(S^2)\to L^2(S^2)$
$$(Kf)(x)=\int_{S^2}f(y)\frac{\partial}{\partial v_y}E(x,y)dS_y,$$
where $E(x,y)=||x-y||^{-1}$ and $\frac{\partial}{\partial v_y}$ means ...
- 171
2
votes
0
answers
183
views
Fourier series and regular distribution
Assume you have a distribution $K$ on $\mathbb{T}$, the torus, such that $\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} |K(e_n)|^2$ is finite, where $e_n := e^{in\cdot}$ are the Fourier basis. Does this imply that the ...
- 95
3
votes
3
answers
219
views
Asymptotic behavior of an integral transform
Given $g\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)$, consider the following function ( defined for $r>0$ ):
$$c(r):=\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}\frac{g(x)}{|x|^2+r}dx$$
I'm interested in the behavior of $c(r)$ for large $r$. A ...
- 943
4
votes
1
answer
215
views
On the number of repeated roots
Is there a number $c>0$ such that:
For any $n$ there is a polynomial $p(x) = a_nx^n +\cdots + a_0$ where the coefficients are $-1, 0$ or $1$ such that the number of repetition of the root $x=1$ ...
- 97
3
votes
0
answers
267
views
Link between standard convolution and Day convolution
There is a notion of convolution product between two functors called "Day convolution". (See here nlab for instance) I know that the definition of this notion is inspired by the discrete convolution $$...
- 1,017
3
votes
1
answer
187
views
Free quantum evolution operator on Sobolev space
I am not a mathematician, but would like really like to get some confirmation on the things I am doing here.
Let $-\Delta: H^2(\mathbb{R}) \subset L^2(\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow L^2(\mathbb{R})$ then ...
- 95
7
votes
0
answers
395
views
Fixed radius mean value property implies harmonicity?
Let $f$ be a continuous real-valued function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. It is well known that the following are equivalent:
$f$ is harmonic.
$f$ satisfies the ball mean value property
$$
f(x)=\frac{1}{|B(x,r)...
- 527
1
vote
1
answer
118
views
Almost periodic function and closed spaces
We denote $X_{T}$ the vector space of all $T$-periodic function with zero mean in $L^2$ ( we know that $X_{T}$ is spawn by $(e^{2i\pi nt/T})$). Let be $$X=X_{2\pi}+X_{3\pi}.$$
I think that $X_{2\pi}+...
- 75
8
votes
1
answer
617
views
Violating the Lebesgue density theorem
Can anyone exhibit a finite-dimensional metric space (preferably, $R^d$) equipped with a measure that does not satisfy the conclusions of the Lebesgue Density Theorem? Such examples exist in infinite-...
- 6,541
1
vote
0
answers
86
views
Least restrictive condition such that $-y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=\lambda y(x)$ has two solutions
Let $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ and consider some function $q$ on the interval $[0,1].$
What is known to be the least restrictive condition on $q$ such that there are two linearly independent $H^2$ ...
- 11
12
votes
1
answer
779
views
Is a Lebesgue measurable subgroup of $\mathbb{R}$ a Borel measurable set?
Assume that $H$ is a Lebesgue measurable additive subgroup of $\mathbb{R}$. Is $H$ necessarily a Borel subset of $\mathbb{R}$?
- 366
4
votes
1
answer
484
views
Question about normalization factors in the direct integral of operators
So the original question I wanted to ask was this one:
I'm currently a bit puzzled about the normalization for the Gelfand transform $U$:
So if we have a periodic Schrödinger operator $H$, then we ...
- 95
0
votes
0
answers
59
views
Restriction to Basis of Cadlag function
If $f \in L^2([0,T])$ then it can be written as
$$
f(t) \triangleq \sum_{i \in \mathbb{N}} c_i e_i(t),
$$
for some sequence $\{c_i\}$ of real numbers and a Schauder basis $\{e_i(t)\}$ of $L^2([0,T])$ ...
- 5,405
3
votes
2
answers
491
views
Unknown bias in a distribution related to prime numbers
If $n$ is composite then $\phi(n) < n-1$, hence there is at least one divisor $d$ of $n-1$ which does not divide $\phi(n)$. We call $d$ as the totient divisor of $n$. Trvially, if $n$ is prime then ...
- 5,470
11
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Conditional convergence of $\sum_{n\geq 1} \frac{\sin(p(n))}{n}$?
The series $\sum_{n\geq 1} \frac{\sin n}{n}$ is easily seen to be conditionally convergent, e.g. by Abel summation. But how about $\sum_{n\geq 1} \frac{\sin(n^2)}{n}$? (for which Abel summation fails)...
- 462
3
votes
0
answers
160
views
integral with simple approximation. But why?
I have the following integral
$$g(x_0) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(1+x^2)^{3/4}}\frac{1}{(1+(x+x_0)^2)^{3/4}}\exp\left(-\frac{2\pi i}{\lambda}\left[\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1+(x+x_0)^2} \right] \...
4
votes
0
answers
141
views
Level sets of function of inner products of vectors on hypercube
Let $H = \{ 0, 1\}^d$ be the $d$-th Cartesian product of $\{0, 1\}$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Suppose $v_1, \ldots, v_k$ are $k$ vectors in $H$ in general position. We define function $F \colon H^{k}\...
- 1,127
5
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Sum of multinomial coefficients (even distribution)
By multinomial expansion formula, we know that $$ \sum_{p_1 + \cdots + p_k = r} \binom{r}{p_1,\ldots,p_k} = k^r, $$ where the multinomial coefficient is defined by $ \binom{r}{p_1, \ldots, p_k} := \...
user83150
1
vote
0
answers
448
views
Largest possible variance for log-concave distributions on a bounded interval
Let $f$ be the density of a log-concave probability distribution on the interval $[0,1]$ (with respect to Lebesgue measure). To be concrete, suppose that $f(x) = \exp( - \varphi(x))$, for some convex ...
- 251
2
votes
0
answers
60
views
A question about Kolmogorov Superpositions
D.A. Sprecher showed (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Sprecher2/publication/243052898_A_Representation_Theorem_for_Continuous_Functions_of_Several_Variables/links/554929f20cf2ebfd8e3ad956....
- 371
1
vote
0
answers
106
views
Identifying a notion of integration
Let $f$: $I\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a (not necessarily bounded) function on an interval $I\subseteq\mathbb{R}$.
Suppose $f$ admits a function $F$: $I\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}$ such that
(1) $F$ ...
- 277
15
votes
2
answers
681
views
Are Fourier transforms of L^p stable under diffeomorphisms?
Let $\xi$ be a compactly supported distribution on $\mathbb R^n$ and assume that its Fourier transform is in $L^p$. Let $\phi:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R^n$ be a diffeomorphism. Does the Fourier ...
- 2,649
3
votes
1
answer
146
views
Radial Kernel with Bounded Support and Norm of Gradient Bounded by a Dimension-free Constant
I was wondering if it is possible to construct a compactly supported radial kernel function in $\mathbb{R}^d$ such that the norm of the gradient is bounded by some dimension-free constant. That is, ...
- 1,127
26
votes
4
answers
2k
views
$\binom{x}{2}+\binom{x}{4}+\cdots+\binom{x}{2u}$ is a convex function on $[0,+\infty)$?
Let $f(x)=\binom{x}{2}+\binom{x}{4}+\cdots+\binom{x}{2u}$, where $u\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ and $\binom{x}{l}=\frac{x(x-1)\dots(x-l+1)}{l!}$ for all $l\in\mathbb{Z}^+$.
Then can we prove $f(x)$ is a convex ...
- 271