All Questions
10,241 questions
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Counterintuitive consequences of the Hahn-Banach theorem
The axiom of choice has many counterintuitive consequences like the Banach-Tarski paradox.
The Hahn-Banach theorem is a consequence of the axiom of choice, but it is weaker.
I would like to know ...
- 4,461
9
votes
1
answer
401
views
Horn's inequalities for n matrices
Where I can find necessary and sufficient conditions on eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices with the relation $$A_1 + A_2 + ... + A_n = A_0 ,$$
i.e. Horn's inequalities for n matrices?
Can such ...
- 1,318
9
votes
1
answer
891
views
Is the space of rapidly decreasing (non-smooth) functions nuclear?
We denote by $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ the space of smooth and rapidly decreasing functions. We define on $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ the family of semi-norms
$$\lVert \varphi \lVert_{n,m} = \lVert (1+|...
- 2,306
9
votes
3
answers
868
views
Rosenthal like inequality for weak $\mathbb L^p$-norms
Let $p$ be a real number greater than $1$. It is well known (see Hall and Heyde's Martingale limit theory and its applications, Theorem 2.10) that there exists a constant $C_p$ such that if $(X_i)_{i=...
- 3,993
9
votes
1
answer
551
views
Is the unit sphere of a Banach space dense in the unit sphere of its second dual with respect to the weak-$\ast$ topology
To be a bit more precise and fix notations, let $X$ be a Banach space (over $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$), $X^{\ast\ast}$ its second dual (as a Banach space). Here and in the following we identify $X$ ...
- 1,586
9
votes
2
answers
489
views
Traces of operators in nuclear spaces
I am currently reading up on nuclear spaces in Jarchow, "Locally Convex Spaces", but I got confused and don't seem to find my mistake. In said book, theorem 21.5.9 states:
Let $F$ be a nuclear ...
- 91
9
votes
1
answer
4k
views
What are some characterizations of the strong and total variation convergence topologies on measures?
I asked this question on StackExchange a few days ago but didn't get any response, so I thought I would try here.
The Wikipedia article on convergence of measures defines three kinds of convergence: ...
- 203
9
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Generalizations and relative applications of Fekete's subadditive lemma
Fekete's (subadditive) lemma takes its name from a 1923 paper by the Hungarian mathematician Michael Fekete [1]. A historical overview and references to (a couple of) generalizations and applications ...
- 10.5k
9
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Trace theorem for $C^{k,1}$ domains
What are the best results on (Sobolev space) trace theorems for $C^{k,1}$ domains?
For $k=0$, e.g., when the domain is Lipschitz, from e.g. the works of Martin Costabel and Zhonghai Ding, it is known ...
- 3,322
9
votes
1
answer
854
views
Banach space with uncountable basis
We know that an infinite dimensional Banach space has an uncountable Hamel basis. Now if $X$ is a vector space with an uncountable Hamel basis, does there exist a norm on $X$ for which $X$ is a Banach ...
- 585
9
votes
1
answer
333
views
Closedness of linear image of positive L1 functions
Let $\mathcal X$ be the Banach space of $L^1$ functions on some probability space, $\mathcal Y$ be some other Banach space, $T:\mathcal X\to \mathcal Y$ be some surjective continuous linear map, $\...
- 537
9
votes
1
answer
608
views
Interpolation theory and $C^k$-spaces
Consider the Banach spaces $C^k(M)$ ($k=0,1,2,\dots$), consisting of $k$times continuously differentiable functions $f:M\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ on a closed manifold $M$ (or just the torus if that ...
- 779
9
votes
1
answer
652
views
Scaling in Mehta's integral
The following expression is known as Mehta's integral and deeply connected to random matrix theory:
$$\frac{1}{(2\pi)^{n/2}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \cdots \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \prod_{i=1}^n e^{-...
- 124
9
votes
1
answer
609
views
Can we characterize a periodic function by the compactness of the set of its translates?
Given a function $f$, let us define the translates $f_t(x)=f(x-t)$. A (Bochner) almost-periodic function is a bounded continuous function on $\mathbb R^\nu$ such that the set of functions $\{f_t\vert ...
- 785
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Density of smooth functions on Hölder spaces
The following result is often cited without reference in the context of PDEs:
Let $\varOmega \subset\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded open set with smooth boundary. If $0<\beta<\alpha<1$ then $C^\...
- 727
9
votes
3
answers
684
views
Lipschitz-free spaces of $\mathbb R^n$
We define
$$
\text{Lip}_0(\mathbb R^n)=\{f:\mathbb R^n\rightarrow \mathbb R, \text{such that $f(0)=0$ and }
\sup_{x\not=y}\frac{\vert f(x)-f(y)\vert}{\vert x-y\vert}<+\infty.
\}
$$
It is well-known ...
- 16.2k
9
votes
2
answers
485
views
why is this a sufficient condition for a domain to be a core of an unbounded operator?
Let $\alpha:\mathbb R\to U(H)$ be a strongly continuous action of the reals on some Hilbert space, and let $A=-i\frac d{dt}\alpha(t)|_{t=0}$ be its infinitesimal generator, so that $\alpha(t)=e^{itA}$....
- 43.2k
9
votes
2
answers
524
views
Projections onto $n$-codimensional subspaces of a Banach space: norms.
Hello, I'd like some help to find an answer I've been looking for since this morning.
Let $X$ be a Banach space and let $Y$ be an $n$-codimensional subspace of $X$. Let $P$ be a projection from $X$ ...
- 93
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
polynomials with minimal $L_\infty$ norm on multiple disjoint intervals
It is well-known that Chebyshev polynomials are the polynomials of minimal $L_\infty$ norm on [-1,1] with leading coefficient 1. But what if you want the minimal $L_\infty$ polynomial on two disjoint ...
- 223
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Distributions on product spaces
I hope this is suitable to MO.
Question. Let $X$ and $Y$ be two open sets in $\mathbb R^n$ and $\mathbb R^m$, respectively. In what sense can we consider $\mathcal{D}^{\prime} \left(X\times Y\right)$ ...
- 33.8k
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Rate of convergence of smooth mollifiers
How does one figure out/prove the rate of convergence (in some norm) of mollifiers given a function bounded in some other norm (say Sobolev space, Besov space)? Also, is there a dimensional analysis ...
- 2,243
9
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Nice Classes of Non-Closable Operators
The only thing I know about non-closable operators can be summarised as "they exist, but they're nasty, so let's not talk about them!" This seems to be the case with everyone else I've talked to. I'd ...
- 1,411
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Explicitly describing extreme points of infinite dimensional convex sets
I am currently trying to apply some results from Choquet theory - i.e., the generalisation of results by Minkowski and Krein-Milman for representing points in a compact, convex set C by probability ...
- 325
9
votes
2
answers
471
views
Proving the inequality involving Hausdorff distance and Wasserstein infinity distance
Prove the inequality
$$d_{H}(\mathrm{spt}(\mu),\mathrm{spt}(\nu))\leq W_{\infty}(\mu,\nu)$$
where $d_H$ denotes the Hausdorff distance between the supports of the measures $\mu$ and $\nu$, and $W_\...
- 99
9
votes
1
answer
639
views
Prove J.L. Lions’s Lemma without using Fourier transform
When I read the book Linear and Nonlinear Functional Analysis with Applications, I came across J.L. Lions's Lemma (the book doesn't give a proof), which states
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$ be a ...
- 807
9
votes
1
answer
346
views
Is there a uniform solution of the Ruziewicz problem?
For any integer $n\geq 2$ there is one and only one (up to rescaling) rotation-invariant, finitely-additive measure on the Lebesgue $\sigma$-algebra of $S^n$.
The proof of this statement I'm aware of ...
- 91
9
votes
1
answer
957
views
A problem in functional calculus
This is embarrassing, I think it must work, but I can't see how to prove it works. If anyone knows enough functional calculus of operators on a Hilbert space to tell me how to do it, I would be very ...
- 1,143
9
votes
2
answers
706
views
Measures whose projections are absolutely continuous
Since my question was not answered on MSE, I would like to ask it here.
Let $\mu$ be a finite Borel measure on the plane. Does there exist a characterization of the property that almost all (wrt ...
- 452
9
votes
1
answer
996
views
Topological "Interpolation" ?
Let E be a normed space, and let $T$:E * $\rightarrow$ E * be
a nonlinear operator.
Suppose that :
1) $T$ is continuous from (E *, ||.||) to itself (i.e., it is norm-continuous).
and
2) $T$ is ...
- 4,060
9
votes
1
answer
611
views
opposite Banach space
I heard this from Haskell Rosenthal many years ago.
If V is a complex vector space, say the opposite of V is the complex vector space with the same elements, the same operations except switch scalar ...
- 41.1k
9
votes
2
answers
418
views
Reference request: Parabolic Equations
I am a PhD student working mainly on Elliptic Equations. With the other PhDs of my department, we organised a reading group, meaning that we agreed on a book we were all interested in, we meet weekly ...
- 452
9
votes
2
answers
516
views
Why operator systems?
A $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}\subset B(\mathsf{H})$ is a norm-closed, self-adjoint subalgebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. If we then take a unital self-adjoint (possibly closed) ...
- 1,037
9
votes
1
answer
400
views
Extending Sobolev function on Riemannian manifold
Let $(M, \mu, d)$ be a geodesically complete non-compact Riemannian manifold such that measure $\mu$ is volume doubling, i.e. \begin{equation}\label{VD}\mu(B(x, 2r))\leq C\mu(B(x, r))\end{equation} ...
- 459
9
votes
1
answer
202
views
Literature request: Schatten class difference of semigroups
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a Hilbert space and $A,B$ two operators on it (not necessarily self-adjoint) such that $A, A+B$ are generators of strongly continuous one parameter semigroups $e^{-tA},e^{-t(A+B)}$...
9
votes
1
answer
499
views
Subspaces of $L^2(0,1)$ dense on every truncation $L^2(c,1)$
It may be better to move this to a separate question.
Let me call a linear subspace $V \subset L^2(0,1)$ to be tame if, for every linear subspace $W \subset V$, either $W$ is dense in $L^2(0,1)$, or ...
- 13.8k
9
votes
1
answer
481
views
Does the Banach space $( \ell ^2 \oplus \ell ^2 )$ have F.P.P?
The space $( \ell^2 ,\lVert \cdot \rVert _2 )$ is a Hilbert space. The space
$X=(\ell^2 \oplus \ell^2 , \lVert \cdot \rVert_\infty )$ is a Banach space. Does X have fixed point property? (For any ...
- 327
9
votes
2
answers
309
views
Explicit proof that $c_0$-module $\ell_\infty$ is not projective
It is well known in narrow circles that the homological dimension (in the sense of relative Banach homology) of $c_0$-module $\ell_\infty$ is 2. As the corollary, this module is not projective. This ...
- 1,697
9
votes
1
answer
636
views
Is there a characterization of the Hausdorff measures?
It is known that there is a unique measure on the Borel $\sigma$-algebra of $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that the measure of the rectangle $\prod_i [a_i,b_i[$ is $\prod_i (b_i-a_i)$. This is the Lebesgue ...
- 1,035
9
votes
2
answers
849
views
$\zeta$-function regularized determinants
In (mathematical) physics in order to compute path integrals one often makes an infinite dimensional change of variables and uses infinite Jacobian as a purely formal expression. This step is done in ...
- 21.8k
9
votes
1
answer
299
views
Sequence of nested sets in $[0, 1]$ with bound on gaps
What is the best possible $\epsilon$ and sequence $(a_n)_{n = 1}^\infty \subset [0, 1]$ we can find such that
$$
d_{N}:=\sup_{x\in [0,1]}\inf_{n=1}^N |x-a_n|\leq \frac{1+\epsilon}{N}
$$
for all $N\in ...
user78817
9
votes
2
answers
907
views
When is a mapping the proximity operator of some convex function?
Is there a characterization of mappings $p : \mathbb R^n \rightarrow \mathbb R^n$ which are proximity operators (in the sense of Moreau) of l.s.c (extended) real-valued functions ?
That is, given $p : ...
- 6,853
9
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Boundedness of nonlinear continuous functionals
Let $K$ be the closed unit ball of $C[0,1]$, and let $f$ in $C(K,\mathbb{\, R})$.
Is it true that there exists an infinite dimensional reflexive subspace
$E$ of $C[0,1]$ s.t. $f(K\cap E)$ is bounded ?
...
- 4,060
9
votes
1
answer
708
views
Hilbert spaces are induced by a bilinear form. How about n-linear forms?
A Hilbert space is a complete vector space equipped with scalar product, i.e. a symmetric positive definite bilinear form.
What if we replace 'bilinear' by 'n-linear'? One might wonder, whether the $...
- 5,327
9
votes
2
answers
431
views
Core for a Sobolev space
Let $D$ be a domain of $\mathbb{R}^d$. That is, $D$ is a connected open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$. The first-order Sobolev space $W^{1,2}(D)$ on $D$ is defined by
\begin{align*}
W^{1,2}(D)=\{f \in L^2(...
- 721
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
When will the supporting hyperplane of a convex set coincide with the tangent?
Due to the supporting hyperplane theorem, a convex set $C$ in a separable topological space has supporting hyperplance at each of its boundary points. The theorem only guarantees its existence, now I ...
- 8,071
9
votes
4
answers
911
views
Can a $W^{1,2}$ map from the disk to the circle restrict to a degree one map on the boundary?
The restriction of a continuous map $D^2\to S^1$ to $\partial D^2\to S^1$ must have degree zero. Is that statement true or false if the map is only $W^{1,2}(D^2;S^1)$ and continuous on $\partial D^2$?
...
9
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Mathematical equivalent to ladder operators?
A powerful method in theoretical physics are ladder operators. They are used in QM to solve problems like the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom. The idea is to solve with their help the ...
user37929
9
votes
1
answer
3k
views
How differentiable is the convolution of two continuous functions?
The question is really simple:
Given
$$
f, g\in C^\alpha_c(\mathcal{R}^d)
$$
is
$$
f*g\in C^d_c?
$$
I came up with a formal argument using the decay of the Fourier transform of continuous functions, ...
- 165
9
votes
3
answers
669
views
Duality relations for Lebesgue spaces of sections of vector bundles
Suppose $X$ is a topological space, and $\mu$ is a Borel measure on $X$. Also suppose we have an $n$-dimensional vector bundle $E \to X$, with an inner product $\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle_x$ on the ...
user14166
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Rescaling positive definite matrices to force a unit eigenvector
Hello,
Let $X'X$ be a positive definite matrix and let $\mathbf{1}$ denote the vector of ones.
I'm hoping to construct a positive, diagonal matrix $W$ such that
$$(W X'X W) \mathbf{1} = \mathbf{1}$$...
- 193