All Questions
10,935 questions
8
votes
2
answers
1k
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Lower bound on exponential sums
Let $k\geq 2$. Consider the following norm of exponenetial sum:
$$
I(N,p,k)=\int_0^1\int_0^1 \left|\sum_{n=0}^N e^{2\pi i (n x+n^k y)}\right|^p dxdy.
$$
Bourgain mentioned on Page 118 of
https://...
- 751
8
votes
3
answers
457
views
Thin large subspaces of $\ell^N_1$
Consider a sequence $V_N$ of subspaces of $\ell^N_1$ so that $\dim V_N = N- n$ and $n$ is $\mathsf{o}(N)$. Is it true that these spaces are "thick" (unofficial terminology), i.e. are there constants $...
- 4,432
8
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Measures on general topological groups
I am interested in the group algebras of non-locally compact groups. What references can you advise?
This is a wide question, so I list more concretely what I would like to see:
Here X can be even ...
- 1,152
8
votes
3
answers
429
views
A density claim
Suppose that $g_k\in C([1,2])$, $k\in \mathbb N$ are continuous functions such that $\|g_k\|_{C([1,2])} \leq \epsilon^k$ for some sufficiently small $\epsilon>0$. Is the following claim true:
If $f\...
- 4,153
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Talagrand's inequality for the discrete cube
Talagrand showed that if $f$ is a convex $1$-Lipschitz function on $\mathbb{R}^n$, and if $\mu$ is a product of probability measures supported over the interval, then $f$ has Gaussian concentration w....
- 2,772
8
votes
2
answers
548
views
Is taking the positive part of a measure a continuous operation?
Here is question I tried to answer for some time - it seems to be straightforward, but I have trouble figuring it out.
Let $\Omega$ be a compact domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$. For any signed Borel measure ...
- 12.7k
8
votes
2
answers
634
views
Existence of a uniformly continuous function $g$ on $\mathbb{R}$ where $f = g$ a.e.?
Suppose $f \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R})$, $f_h(x) = f(x + h)$, and$$\lim_{h \to 0} \|f_h - f\|_\infty = 0.$$Does there exist a uniformly continuous function $g$ on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $f = g$ almost ...
- 113
8
votes
4
answers
812
views
Schwartz space of functions with values in a Frechet space
While reading some papers about $\psi$DOs I found some spaces of vector valued functions which I am not familiar with. I am looking for references about the Schwartz space of functions with values in ...
- 601
8
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Dual Banach space of $B(X,Y)$ when $X$ is finite dimensional
Denote $B(X,Y)$ the Banach space of bounded operators between Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$.
When $X$ and $Y$ are both finite dimensional, it follows from the formula
$$\|u\|_{B(X,Y)} = \sup_{\|x\|_X <...
- 9,486
8
votes
1
answer
712
views
Pseudo-differential operators with compactly supported symbols
If the symbol $p(x,\xi)$ of a pseudodifferential operator $P$ has compact $x$-support, then for any Schwartz function $f$, $Pf$ has compact $x$-support.
Is the reverse true? Namely that if some PDO $...
- 728
8
votes
1
answer
749
views
Is $SU(\infty)$ amenable?
We can write the finitary special unitary group $SU(\infty)$ as the direct limit
$\varinjlim SU(n)$ of ordinary special unitary groups. These groups $SU(n)$ are compact, thus amenable. In other ...
- 606
8
votes
5
answers
685
views
Distributions of distance between two random points in Hilbert space
Let $\mu$ be a probability distribution on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Let $D$ be the distance between two independent random samples from $\mu$.
So $D$ has some probability ...
- 236
8
votes
1
answer
678
views
Inequality involving tensor product of orthonormal unit vectors
Let $e_1,...,e_r$ be the first $r$ standard basis of $\mathbb{R}^n, r<n$. Let $u_1,...,u_n$ be another orthonormal basis of $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\otimes$ be the tensor product on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and ...
- 1,495
8
votes
1
answer
262
views
On $C(K)$ spaces embeddable into the Banach space $c_0$
Problem 1. Characterize compact Hausdorff spaces $K$ for which the Banach space $C(K)$ of continuous real-valued functions embeds into the Banach space $c_0$.
Since $c_0$ has separable dual, such $K$ ...
- 41.9k
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
What does the unique mean on weakly almost periodic functions look like?
There is a unique invariant mean $m$ on WAP functions on any discrete group (see definitions below, theorem of ?). However, the proofs I found are fairly non-explicit on how to obtain this invariant ...
- 4,432
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Can exponential sums be small on a whole interval?
This is almost certainly routine to an analyst, so forgive me in advance.
Let $\alpha_i\in \mathbb{R}$. Consider the functional $$\varphi: L^1[0.9A,A]\to \mathbb{C}$$ via $$f\mapsto \sum_i \hat{f}(\...
- 793
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
when a pseudo-differential operators to be compact?
In the theory of Pseudo-differential operators,when a symbol $a(x,\xi)\in S^{0}$,then the operator $a(x,D)$ defined by$$a(x,D)u=\int{e^{ix\xi}a(x,\xi)\widehat{u}}d \xi$$ is $L^2$ bounded.$ $
My ...
- 1,644
8
votes
2
answers
8k
views
Version of the Poincaré Inequality
Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ open and bounded. The Poincaré inequality
$$\|u\|_p \le C \|\nabla u\|_p$$
($\|\cdot\|_p$ denotes the usual $L^p(\Omega)$-norm; the Lebesgue measure shall be used here)...
- 2,270
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
The dual group of $\mathbb Q$
What is the dual group of the additive group of rational numbers equipped with the standard topology inherited from $\mathbb R$? As a group, this dual group is isomorphic to $\mathbb R$ (see the ...
- 162
8
votes
2
answers
644
views
Uniqueness of the uniform distribution on hypersphere
I'm looking for a uniqueness-type result for the following problem, which is related to the uniform distribution in the hypersphere $\mathbb{S}^{p-1}$. Suppose $f$ is a sufficiently smooth function on ...
- 81
8
votes
1
answer
723
views
Bounding the discrete $l^p$ norm by the continuous $L^p$ norm for trigonometric polynomials
Let $ X_N = \text{span} \{\cos(2\pi lx): l=0, \cdots, N-1 \} $ with $ x \in [0, 1] $ and $ Y_N = \{v =(v_0, \cdots, v_{N-1}): v_j \in \mathbb{C}\} = \mathbb{C}^N $. Then $ X_N $ is the space of ...
- 105
8
votes
3
answers
691
views
Commutant of the conjugations by unitary matrices
Let $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{C}^{n \times n})$ denote the algebra of all linear mappings from $\mathbb{C}^{n \times n}$ to $\mathbb{C}^{n \times n}$ and let $\mathcal{C} \subseteq \mathcal{L}(\mathbb{C}^{...
- 12.6k
8
votes
2
answers
2k
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Arzela-Ascoli for L_p-norm
Since I am from a different mathematical field and couldn't find it: Is there something which would be best called an Arzela-Ascoli version for the $L_p$-norm, namely:
Let $X,Y$ be two nice ...
- 255
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Rigorous definition of the commutator $[a(k_1), a^\ast(k_2)]$ of creation and annihilation operators in boson quantum field models
In their lecture notes "Boson Quantum Field Models" (in "Mathematics of Contemporary Physics", R.Streater (ed.)), Glimm and Jaffe define an annihilation operator $a(k), k \in \mathbb{R}$ on a certain ...
- 111
8
votes
2
answers
502
views
Constructing a function over a metric space through given points
Suppose there is a compact metric space $(X,\rho)$ and a Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$.
There is a sequence of unequal points $\{x_1,...x_N\}$ in $X$ such that all metrics $\rho(x_i,x_j)$ are known ...
- 791
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Level set of a harmonic function
Let $u$ be a nonconstant real-valued harmonic function defined in the open unit disk $D$. Suppose that $\Gamma\subset D$ is a smooth connected curve such that $u=0$ on $\Gamma$. Is there a universal ...
8
votes
2
answers
981
views
What happens if we consider functions of bounded variation that are not in $L^1$?
A function $f \in L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ is said to be of bounded variation if there exists a constant $C \geq 0$ such that
$$
\int_{\mathbb R^n} f(x) \operatorname{div} \phi(x) \; dx
\leq
C \sup_{ x \in \...
- 5,327
8
votes
3
answers
831
views
Is every face exposed if all extreme points are exposed?
Let $C$ be a non-empty compact convex subset of ${\mathbb R}^d$ such that every extreme point of $C$ is an exposed point of $C$. Does it follow from this that every face of $C$ is an exposed face?
- 391
8
votes
1
answer
332
views
The double dual of the unitization of a $C^*$-algebra
I am studying the proof that if $A$ is a $C^*$-algebra such that $A^{**}$ is a semidiscrete vN algebra, then $A$ has the completely positive approximation property (CPAP). I was able to handle the ...
- 267
8
votes
2
answers
571
views
Are (completely) positive maps approximated by normal (completely) positive maps?
Let $\mathcal{H}$ denote a Hilbert space and $B(\mathcal{H})$ denote the algebra of all bounded operators on $\mathcal{H}$. By recognizing the (Banach) dual of $B(\mathcal{H})$ with the double dual of ...
- 165
8
votes
2
answers
330
views
Completeness of exponentials $\mathcal{E} = \{ e^{ist} : s \in \mathbb{R} \}$ in $L^p(\mu)$
In the paper A problem on completeness of exponentials (Annals of Mathematics 178 (2013), 983-1016), the author A. Poltoratski studies the following problem:
Let $\mu$ be a finite positive measure on ...
8
votes
1
answer
305
views
Subspaces isomorphic with quotients
Suppose $X$ is a Banach space not isomorphic to a Hilbert space. Can we always find a subspace of $X$ that is not isomorphic to a quotient of $X$?
- 1,361
8
votes
1
answer
361
views
What is the smallest Lipschitz constant of a Lipschitz retraction of $\ell_\infty([0,1])$ onto $C[0,1]$?
By Theorem 1.6 in the book "Geometric Nonlinear Functional Analysis" by Benyamini and Lindenstrauss, the Banach space $C[0,1]$ is a Lipschitz retract of the Banach space $\ell_\infty[0,1]$. ...
- 41.9k
8
votes
2
answers
1k
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Reference request for Functional Analysis
Does anyone know a book that motivates the beginning of functional analysis in a clear way?
By "clear," I mean that it shows why one would want to define Hilbert spaces and why the theorems are ...
8
votes
2
answers
590
views
Attempted Banachification of a space
In a recent blog post, Terry Tao mentioned the question of how to tell if a Hausdorff topological vector space admits a finer topological structure which happens to be the topology of a Banach space (...
- 148k
8
votes
1
answer
623
views
Completion of spaces of measures w.r.t. weak norms
For the sake of concreteness denote by $M_0(X)$ the linear space of all signed Borel measures $\sigma$ with $\sigma(X)=0$ on some metric space $(X,d)$ and fix some base point $x_0\in X$. On this space ...
- 12.7k
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Relating different topologies on $C^{\infty}_c(M)$
This is somehow connected to this question.
I can think of at least four topologies to put on $C_c(M)$:
Topologize $C^{\infty}_c(M)\subseteq C^{\infty}(M)$ as a subspace with the weak Whitney $C^\...
- 81
8
votes
1
answer
340
views
characterization of commutative Banach algebras
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra with the following property:
For every two nets $ x_{\alpha}$ and $y_{\alpha}$ in $A$, $x_{\alpha}y_{\alpha}$ converges if and only if $y_{\alpha}x_{\alpha}$ converges.
...
- 356
8
votes
1
answer
459
views
Free C^*-algebra
Let $A_0$ be a set of all polynomials with complex coefficients of infinitely many noncommuting (free) variables, denoted by $X_1,X_2,...,X_1^*,X_2^*,...$. We equip $A_0$ with the operation $*:A_0 \to ...
- 9,330
8
votes
1
answer
747
views
Strongly continuous semigroups that cannot be contractions
Let $X$ be a Banach space, and $(P_t)_{t \ge 0}$ a strongly continuous semigroup of bounded operators on $X$. Using the uniform boundedness principle, it's simple to prove that there are constants $M,...
- 29.8k
8
votes
3
answers
1k
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Counterexample of non-negative sequence weakly converging in $\mathscr{M}^1$ but not $L^1$
Consider a a sequence of non-negative functions $(f_n)_n$, bounded in $L^1([-1,1])$ and weakly$-\star$ converging in $\mathscr{M}^1([-1,1])$ to some $f\in L^1([-1,1])$. What I mean by this convergence ...
- 3,425
8
votes
1
answer
668
views
Hahn-Banach theorem with real extended valued function
Hello to everyone,
My problem is the following: I have this version of the Hahn-Banach theorem:
Let V be a vector space and let $p:V\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be any
convex function. Let $W$ be a vector ...
- 83
8
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Compactness of the unit ball of a Banach space for topologies finer than the weak* topology
Let $(\mathcal{X} , \|\cdot \|_\mathcal{X})$ be a Banach space and $\mathcal{X}'$ its topological dual. We denote by $\| \cdot \|_{\mathcal{X}'}$ the dual norm and define also the topological dual $\...
- 2,306
8
votes
1
answer
1k
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Who introduced the discrete Fourier transform?
I am trying to find the original reference which introduced the definition of discrete Fourier transform as used today. When did this modern formulation (which includes the indexing from n to N-1) of ...
- 879
8
votes
2
answers
360
views
Can smoothness of curves into a convenient locally convex vector space be tested with just a dense subspace of the dual?
Let $E$ be a (Hausdorff) locally convex vector space (from now on just "lcs" for short). We say that $E$ is convenient (also called locally complete, Mackey-complete or $c^\infty$-complete) if, given ...
- 7,817
8
votes
2
answers
601
views
If $E\oplus_\phi E \cong E\oplus_\psi E,$ does it imply that $\phi= \psi$?
Let $E\neq \{0\}$ be a Banach space.
For each $p\in[1,\infty), $ we define
$$E\oplus_p E = \{(x,y): x\in E, y\in E, \|(x,y)\| = \sqrt[p]{\|x\|^p + \|y\|^p}\}.$$
Let $F$ be another Banach space.
By $E\...
- 623
8
votes
1
answer
268
views
Two questions about basic sequences
Suppose $(x_n)$ and $(y_n)$ are two basic sequences in a separable Banach space $X$ such that $\overline{span}\{(x_n), (y_n)\}=X$. Can we always pass to subsequences $(x_{n_k})$ and $(y_{n_k})$ such ...
- 355
8
votes
1
answer
523
views
Concavity of the trace of a matrix power
Let $B$ be an $n\times n$ matrix, and define $f$ to be the function that maps positive semidefinite (PSD) $n\times n$ matrices $A$ to real numbers by
$$
f(A) = \mathrm{trace}( (B^*A^2B)^{1/3}).
$$
...
- 757
8
votes
2
answers
352
views
Non-density of invertible elements in $\ell_1(\mathbb{N}_0)$
Consider the Banach algebra $\ell_1(\mathbb{N}_0)$ (with convolution / Cauchy product of series). I am looking for an elementary proof of the fact that the group of invertible elements in this algebra ...
- 11.3k
8
votes
3
answers
556
views
Finite-dimensional approximations of the shift operator
On the standard space $l^2$ let us consider the left shift operator
$$
L(c_1,c_2,c_3,\ldots)=(c_2,c_3,c_4,\ldots).
$$
It is well known that the spectrum of $L$ is the whole unit disk in the complex ...
- 383