Questions tagged [orthogonal-matrices]
An orthogonal matrix is an invertible real matrix whose inverse is equal to its transpose.
115 questions
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Maximize the product of Hadamard matrix and a vector
Let $X$ be an $n \times n$ Hadamard matrix (i.e. entries are in $\{-1,1\}$ and rows are orthogonal). For my application, we can assume $n=2^k$.
Given a vector $\bf{w} \in R^n$, I want to find the $X^*$...
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votes
1
answer
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Is the Cayley distance on permutation (matrices) equivalent to the Riemannian metric on $O(n)$?
Denote by $d_C(\sigma,\mu)$ the minimal number of transpositions needed to go from a permutation $\sigma$ to a permutation $\mu$. E.g. if $d_C(\sigma,\mu)=0$, then $\sigma=\mu$, if $d_C(\sigma,\mu)=1$,...
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votes
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Distribution of Submatrix of Orthogonal Matrix
Let $O$ be a matrix sampled from the Haar measure on $O(n)$. Let $X$ be the upperleft $k\times k$ submatrix of $O$.
In a physics research project I am interested in the distribution of $X$, say $\rho(...
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answer
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Number of 5x5 matrix permutations without repetitions in rows or columns
Context
In the boardgame Azul, your goal is to complete as much as possible of a $5\times5$ board by placing 25 tiles of 5 different colours (5 tiles of each colour) so that no colour appears twice in ...
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1
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The only rotation fields satisfying this PDE are constant
$\newcommand{\div}{\operatorname{div}}$$\newcommand{\SO}{\operatorname{SO(2)}}$$\newcommand{\R}{\operatorname{\mathbb{R}}}$$\newcommand{\bdx}{\partial_x}$$\newcommand{\bdy}{\partial_y}$$\newcommand{\...
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5
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Solution for $Xa + X^Tb = c$ where $X^TX = I$? [closed]
There are three known $n\times1$ vectors: $a, b, c$, along with one unknown $n\times n$ matrix: $X$. I am only interested in the $n={2,3}$ cases.
$X$ is $2\times 2$ or $3\times 3$ rotation matrix ...
- 35
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Can an orthogonal matrix move monotonically toward a signed permutation matrix?
The question is motivated by this question on Mathematics SE.
Let $A \in O(n)$ be an orthogonal matrix that is not a signed permutation matrix, and let $P$ be the nearest signed permutation matrix to $...
- 209
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votes
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answer
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LU decomposition for orthogonal or unitary matrices?
Is there any references on LU decomposition for orthogonal or unitary matrices?
It seems to me that the diagonal entries of $U$ has some nice structure regarding to the Euler angles of the original ...
- 380
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votes
2
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Is there a standard name for (non-square) matrices with orthonormal columns?
One encounters often in numerics non-square matrices with orthonormal columns, i.e., $U\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$, with $m > n$, such that $U^TU=I$ (but, clearly, $UU^T \neq I$).
Is there a name ...
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Matrix derivative w.r.t. a general inverse form: $(A^TA)^{-1/2}D(A^TA)^{-1/2}$
I want to find derivative of matrix $(A^TA)^{-1/2}D(A^TA)^{-1/2}$ w.r.t. $A_{ij}$ where D is a diagonal matrix. Alternatively, it is okay too to have
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial A_{ij}} a^T(A^TA)^{-1/2}...
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votes
1
answer
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A question about special linear group
Is there any way to find all matrices $G \in SL(n,\mathbb Z)$ such that there exists a matrix $A \in GL(n,\mathbb R)$ satisfying
$$
AGA^{-1} \in SO(n,\mathbb R)?
$$
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votes
1
answer
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Principal curvatures of $\mathbb{R}^{n^2}$-embedded SO(n)
It's well known that the sectional curvatures of a Lie group, endowed with a left-invariant metric have a nice closed-form formula $k(X,Y) = \frac{1}{4} \|[X Y]\|^2$.
I'm wondering if the following (...
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Can we choose smoothly the singular vectors of a matrix?
$\newcommand{\GLm}{\text{GL}_n^-}$Let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with non-positive determinant. Suppose that the smallest singular value of $A$ is strictly smaller than all the others (it has ...
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How much redundancy resides in an $n \times n$ orthogonal matrix?
Suppose one has an $n \times n$ orthogonal matrix $M$:
$$
\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0.239326 & 0.846726 &
0.475161 \\
0.768893 & 0.13356 &
-0.625272 \\
0.592897 & -0....
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votes
2
answers
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Geodesics on SO(3)
I have two 3D rotations about the origin, represented as
$3 \times 3$ orthogonal matrices $M_1$ and $M_2$
(specified by numerical entries),
and I would like to interpolate (and compute)
a continuous ...
- 151k
3
votes
1
answer
687
views
Upper bound on the sectional curvature of the orthogonal group
Consider the orthogonal group $O(n)$ as a Riemannian manifold endowed with the usual (bi-invariant) metric $\langle P, Q \rangle_A = \textrm{Tr}\ P^\top Q$ for tangent vectors $P, Q$, with $$T_A O(n) =...
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Matrix equation and spherical harmonics
I have a set of functions expanded in a finite number of spherical harmonics (up to degree $L$),
$$
\eta_k^n(\theta,\phi) = \sum_{l=0}^L \sum_{m=-l}^l d_{kl}^{nm} Y_l^m(\theta,\phi)
$$
Similar to the ...
- 69
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votes
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answer
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views
Generalization of Jordan's Lemma $A^2=B^2=I$ can be 2-block diagonalized
One of Jordan's lemma states that if two orthogonal matrices $A,B$ are such that $A^2=B^2=I$, then they can be co-diagonalized by block of size 2.
(the proof is easy, consider $x$ an eigenvector of $A+...
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Parametrising a sparse orthogonal matrix
I need to find a way to parametrise a matrix that is both sparse (to some degree) and orthogonal, i.e., I am looking for a parametrisation that describes $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times m}$ such that $AA^𝑇...
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votes
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Parametrizing quotient of matrices by the orthogonal group
I am trying to parametrize the collection of $d\times m$ real matrices quotient $d\times d$ orthogonal matrices. Formally, define $\sim$ on $\mathbb{R}^{d\times m}$ by $X\sim Y$ if there exists an ...
- 461
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vote
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Principal orbit and the generic stabilizer of SO(2n)xSO(2n)
Let $SO(2n)$ denote the special orthogonal group of $2n\times 2n$ matrices over the complex numbers.
Consider the action of $SO(2n)\times SO(2n)$ on the set of $2n\times 2n$ matrices : $ADB^{T}$, ...
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vote
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answers
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Minimize smooth function $(x,y) \to f(x,y)$ subject to $x \perp y$
Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional real vector space (e.g space of $m \times n$ real matrices equiped with Hilbert-Schmidt inner product $(A,B) \to \mathrm{tr}(AB^\top)$, and let $f:V^2 \to \mathbb R$, $(...
- 6,853
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votes
1
answer
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views
Minimize matrix norm over the unitary matrices
Suppose $C_1$ and $C_2$ are some fixed $n \times n$ matrices. Define the norm $\| M \| = \sum_{i = 1}^n \max_j |M_{ij}|$. What is $\min_U \|C_1 U C_2 \|$? Here $U$ ranges over the $n \times n$ unitary ...
- 1,703
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How can I solve an orthogonal-constrained Sylvester equation?
I am currently facing a Sylvester equation
$AX+XB = C$
where $A$, $B$, $C$ are all symmetric and a special constraint here is that $X$ should be orthogonal. The Sylvester equation itself may not ...
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3
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Inverse of matrix $D + ADA^T$
Let $D$ be an arbitrary diagonal matrix and let $A$ be an orthogonal matrix ($A'A = AA' = I$). How to compute the following matrix inverse efficiently?
$$(D + ADA^T)^{-1}$$
Hints or references are ...
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votes
1
answer
3k
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Positive definite matrices diagonalised by orthogonal matrices that are also involutions
Let $A$ be a positive definite matrix. Then, $A$ is diagonalized by an orthogonal matrix $P$.
I want to know when this matrix is also an involution, i.e., $P^2 = I$.
If there is any ...
- 1,269
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votes
1
answer
144
views
Maximize function on rotation matrices [closed]
Let $A$ be a fixed 3-by-3 matrix and $Q$ be a rotation matrix whose yaw, pitch, and roll angles are $\phi\in[0,\pi]$, $\theta\in[0,\pi]$, and $\psi\in[0,\pi/2]$, respectively:
\begin{equation}
Q=
\...
5
votes
2
answers
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views
Existence of parametrizations of rational orthogonal matrices
I suppose that there are formulas which parametrize all the orthogonal matrices with rational coefficients. Does anyone know anything about it? And what are some publications that discuss this?
Thanks....
3
votes
1
answer
464
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Bounding the Frobenius norm of orthogonalised matrices
Context: I am trying to show the convergence of an optimization method which includes orthogonalization in the update step.
Problem: Let's say I have real matrices $A, B \in \mathcal{R}^{n xm}$. If ...
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votes
2
answers
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Why decompose a function with eigenvectors of Laplace operator? [closed]
On periodic domain, people always use Fourier basis, which eigenvectors of Laplace operator. On sphere, people use spherical harmonics, which also are eigenvectors of Laplace operator. In applied ...
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Is there a "formula" for the point in $\text{SO}(n)$ which is closest to a given matrix?
$\newcommand{\Sig}{\Sigma}$
$\newcommand{\dist}{\operatorname{dist}}$
$\newcommand{\distSO}[1]{\dist(#1,\SO)}$
$\newcommand{\distO}[1]{\text{dist}(#1,\On)}$
$\newcommand{\tildistSO}[1]{\operatorname{...
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matrix inequality with orthogonal matrices
I would like to know if for $A,B\in SO(3)$ the inequality
$$
\|AB-BA\|_F\leq \|A-I\|_F\|B-I\|_F
$$
holds, where $\|\cdot\|_F$ denotes the Frobenius norm and $I$ the identity matrix. Using the identity
...
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How to project a matrix to a unitary matrix?
Given a nonzero vector $v \in \mathbb{R}^n$, we all know that it's projection onto the unit $\ell_2$ ball is just $\frac{v}{\|v\|}$. Let $X$ be some nonzero $n \times n$ matrix. What is the projection ...
- 1,703
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votes
1
answer
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views
Characterization of extrinsic distance prevserving embedding (see the definition given!) from low dimensional Euclidean spaces to high dimensions
P.S. I asked the question on MSE more than a week ago, but didn't get any desired answer, so asking here.
Let $m < n \in \mathbb{N}$. Let us equip $\mathbb{R}^m, \mathbb{R}^n $ with their ...
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Orthogonal similarity of adjacency matrices of graphs which are cospectral and have a common equitable partition
Let $G$ and $H$ be two undirected graphs of the same order (i.e., they have the same number of vertices). Denote by $A_G$ and $A_H$ the corresponding adjacency matrices. Furthermore, denote by $\bar G$...
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Optimization problem on trace with both the positive semi definite and non positive semidefinite matrix
Given two $N \times N$ symmetric matrices $A, B$, where $A$ is positive semidefinite while $B$ is not positive semidefinite. I am interested in solving unitary constrained trace maximization problem:
...
3
votes
1
answer
416
views
What's the best orthonormal matrix to align two matrices in the operator norm sense?
Let $A,B \in R^{n\times r}$ with $A^\top B $ invertible. It is known that
\begin{equation}
UV^\top :=\arg\min_{R \in \mathcal{O}^{r\times r}}\|AR-B\|_\mathrm{F},
\end{equation}
where $USV^\top$ is ...
- 515
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votes
2
answers
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views
Partitioning an orthogonal matrix into full rank square submatrices
Let $U$ be an $n \times n$ orthogonal matrix. Given an arbitrary partition ${\mathcal P}_c=\{y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_k\}$ of the columns of
$U$, does there always exist a corresponding partition ${\mathcal ...
- 81
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votes
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answers
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views
What is special in dimension $2$ (When characterizing isometries using the cofactor matrix)?
Let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix. Denote by $\operatorname{cof} A$ The cofactor matrix of $A$. By definition, $A (\operatorname{cof} A)^T=\det A \cdot I$.
Thus, it is immediate that $A \in \...
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maximum of orthogonal vectors
$$v_1=(x_1,x_2,x_3\cdot\cdot\cdot,x_n)$$is such a vector. By changing its signs and positions of each component $x_i$, we can get different vectors. When n is odd, it's impossible for any of ...
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Parametrization of O(3)
Is there a simple way to parametrize the orthogonal group O(3) of 3 by 3 orthogonal matrices?
- 95
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3
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On $XX'=I$ such that $AX=XB$ is true
Given list of symmetric matrices $\{A_i,B_i\}_{i=1}^r\in\Bbb R^{n\times n}$ where $r\in\Bbb N$ is arbitrary what is a good description of collection of $X\in\Bbb R^{n\times n}$ such that $$XX'=I$$ $$...
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Infinitesimal matrix rotation towards orthogonality
TLDR; I am trying to prove the existence of an infinitesimal rotation which always moves a matrix "closer" to being orthogonal.
Setting
In this setting, we have a matrix $W \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times ...
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votes
2
answers
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views
On $XX'=I$ such that $AX=XB$ is true when $A,B\in\{0,1\}^{n\times n}$
Given real symmetric matrices $A,B\in\{0,1\}^{n\times n}$ is it true that $$AX=XB$$ has a solution of form $X$ a permutation matrix iff a solution with $XX'=I$ exists? We are over reals.
It is clear ...
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votes
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answer
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views
What is the term for this type of matrix?
Is there an established term for the following type of square matrices?
$\begin{pmatrix}
c & c & c & c & \cdots & c & c \\
c & a & b & b & \cdots & b & ...
- 202
0
votes
1
answer
460
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A question on orthogonal matrix [closed]
Let $P\in R^{n\times n}$ be an orthogonal matrix. I want to ask whether or not there exists some vector $x\in R^n$ containing no zero entries such that $Px$ also contains no zero entries.
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votes
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answer
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Finding a similarities and differences of sent of matrices
Suppose we have a set of rank deficient covariance matrices. How can I know the similarities and differences between those set of matrices?
Regards,
- 21
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votes
2
answers
236
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Bounding the non-multiplicativity of isometric projection
Every $A \in \text{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ has a unique Polar decomposition:
$A=O_AP_A$, $O \in \operatorname{O}_n, P \in \operatorname{Psym}_n$.
In particular the orthogonal factor is given by $$O_A=A(\...
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votes
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answers
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views
Orthogonal Matrices and Cosets (translates) of Linear Subspaces
Let $M_n(F_2)$ be the vector space of all $n\times n$ matrices over the finite field $F_2$. Let $O(n)\subset M_n(F_2)$ be the set of all orthogonal matrices and $W\subseteq O(n)$ be an affine subspace ...
- 205
3
votes
1
answer
412
views
What is the term for a matrix whose columns are orthogonal?
What is the term for a matrix whose columns are mutually orthogonal, but not necessarily othonormal?
I can't name such a matrix "orthogonal" because that would imply that all columns are unit vectors....
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