All Questions
Tagged with ds.dynamical-systems nt.number-theory
140 questions
13
votes
2
answers
800
views
For which rationals is this exponential sum bounded?
Given $x \in [0, 1]$, we denote by $e(x)$ the complex number $e^{2 \pi i x}$.
Can we characterise the set of rationals $x$ for which the sum
$$A_N(x)\, :=\, \sum_{n = 0}^N e(2^n x)$$
remains bounded ...
- 6,155
1
vote
0
answers
84
views
Coarse well-distributedness/equidistribution of Pell sequence prefixes
I am interested in the distributedness or "mixing" behavior of certain
linear recurrences modulo powers of $2$.
In particular, consider the Pell sequence (https://oeis.org/A000129),
modulo $...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
81
views
Replacing the sequence in Chowla's conjecture and positiveness of the entropy
For any fixed integer $m>0$ and not-all-even $(a_1,\ldots,a_m)\in\mathbb N^m$, one version of Chowla's conjecture states that
$$
\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{x}\sum_{n\leq x}\mu(n+1)^{a_1}\...
- 457
7
votes
0
answers
165
views
Lonely globe trotters
In analogy with the lonely runners conjecture,
imagine "globe trotters" each traveling on a longitudinal great circle at different
(constant, positive) speeds. Each "trotter" ...
- 151k
0
votes
0
answers
620
views
Cocycles and the Collatz problem?
Let $T(n) = n+R(n)$, where $R(n) = -n/2 $ if $n\equiv 0 \mod 2$ else $R(n) = \frac{n+1}{2}$.
$R(n)$ is the Cantor ordering of the integers:
https://oeis.org/A001057
In the Collatz problem, one is ...
- 3,064
2
votes
1
answer
203
views
Finding a two point scrambled set for the function $g:[0,1] \rightarrow [0,1], x \mapsto \min_{n\in \mathbb{Z}} |3x-2n|$?
Let $I=[0,1]$ be the unit interval and $g$ as defined below.
Then $x \neq y$ with $x,y \in I$ are called "two point scrambled set"=$\{x,y\}$, if
$\lim\inf_{n \rightarrow \infty} | g^{(n)}(x)...
- 3,064
0
votes
0
answers
89
views
Exact approximation in $p$ adic
Given a non increasing function $\psi$ the $\psi$ approximable points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is defined as
$W(\psi)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n:|qx-p|<\psi(q)\}$ for infinitely many $(q,p)\in \mathbb{Z}^m\times\...
- 11
2
votes
0
answers
61
views
Aligning frequencies
Let $\omega_1, \omega_2, \dots, \omega_n$ be frequencies between $1$ and $\log n$. I would like to find an upper bound for a point $t$ that align these frequencies up to a small error $\delta$, that ...
- 21
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
5n+1 sequence starting at 7
Consider the following variant of the Collatz function: $f:\mathbb N\rightarrow\mathbb N$ is defined by
\begin{equation}
f(n):=\begin{cases}
n/2 & \text{if $n$ is even}\\
5n+1 & \...
- 654
-5
votes
1
answer
592
views
Central limit theorem for irrational rotations
Let $\alpha$ be an algebraic integer of modulus 1, and $ R_\alpha z=\alpha z$. Is
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{\log|\sum_{k=1}^n \Re R_\alpha^k z|}{\log n}=\frac12$$ for all $z\in S^1$?
Birkhoff's ergodic ...
- 2,135
11
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Ergodic theory applied to number theory
I am interested in the links between Ergodic Theory and Number Theory. Can anyone give some references for papers to read in this field? Any open problems? Or ideas where it may be applicable in NT?
2
votes
3
answers
457
views
Intersection of Fourier analysis (especially on the transform) and group theory, number theory, dynamical systems, etc
I am considering a PhD research topic. I only have a math Bachelor's degree with working experience mostly in teaching and I have been working on a paper. I have deep interest in Fourier Series and ...
4
votes
1
answer
373
views
Equidistribution of the orbit $\{\text{diag}(t^a,t^{-a})\Lambda \}_{t>0}$ for a.e. $\Lambda\in \text{SL}(2,\mathbb R)/\text{SL}(2,\mathbb Z)$
$\DeclareMathOperator\diag{diag}\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$It is well-known that geodesic flow $g_t=\{\diag(e^t,e^{-t}) \}_{t>0}$ acts ergodically (actually mixing) on $\SL(2,\mathbb R)$ (Howe–...
- 321
2
votes
2
answers
620
views
A mutation of the Collatz disease
Given $k \in \mathbb N$, we define $f_k: \mathbb N \longrightarrow \mathbb N$ by
$$ f_k(x) = \begin{cases} \,\quad\dfrac{x}2 &\text{ if } x \text{ is even} \\\\ \dfrac{3x+3^k}{2} & \text{ if } ...
- 17.9k
1
vote
1
answer
191
views
Will this "tree" cover all rational numbers in a range?
Question
I am making a tree using the following two functions:
$$f(x)=\frac{x}{r},\quad g(x)=\frac{x+b}{r}$$
where $1<r<2$ and $0<b$ are rationals. Everything is a real number here.
The ...
- 433
1
vote
1
answer
235
views
The liminf of an expression involving an irrational rotation
Let $0 < a < 1$ be an irrational number. Is it true that
$$\liminf_{n \in \mathbb N, n \to \infty} n \{na\} = 0?$$
Note: Here $\{\cdot\}$ denotes the fractional part.
- 6,155
8
votes
2
answers
340
views
Does $x_0=1/3$ lead to periodicity in the logistic map $x_{k+1}=4x_k(1-x_k)$?
Does $x_0=1/3$ lead to periodicity in the logistic map $x_{k+1}=4x_k(1-x_k)$?
I believe it does not, but this is equivalent to proving that $(2\pi)^{-1}\arcsin(\sqrt{1/3})$ is irrational. I am ...
- 3,098
4
votes
1
answer
177
views
Density of points in the torus whose iterates under a matrix converge to zero
In Yves Benoist and Jean-François Quint's notes Introduction to random walks on homogeneous spaces (top of page 11),
the following is listed as a step in the non-Fourier analytic proof of ergodicity ...
- 481
6
votes
1
answer
465
views
Equidistribution modulo 1
We know that the time spent by the sequence $na \mod 1$, $n$ ranging from $1$ up to $x$ and $a$ irrational, at any interval of length $\delta$ is approximately $\delta x$. There are known results when ...
- 61
2
votes
0
answers
137
views
Entropy of a sequence
I am reading the paper Sign Changes in Hecke Eigenvalues by Matomaki and Radziwill, and in one place they mention the following,
It would be interesting to rule out the possibility of $\lambda_f(n)$ ...
- 589
3
votes
1
answer
690
views
An example of deterministic sequence from Terence Tao's blog
The following is taken from a post by Terence Tao on the Chowla conjecture and the Sarnak conjecture
:
Given a bounded sequence ${f: {\bf N} \rightarrow {\bf C}}$, define the topological entropy of ...
- 1,565
10
votes
1
answer
315
views
Fixpoints of $m\longmapsto \mathrm{rad}(\phi(m^2))$ under iteration
Given a strictly positive integer $m$ let $\alpha(m)=\mathrm{rad}(m\phi(m))$
be the radical (product of all distinct prime divisors) of the product of $m$ and of Euler's totient function $\phi(m)=m\...
- 17.9k
7
votes
0
answers
429
views
Dynamics of a curious bijection of $\mathbb N$
The two sequences A48680 and A48679 of the OEIS define two mutually inverse bijections on the set of all strictly positive natural numbers given (for the comfort of the reader) as follows:
Given an ...
- 17.9k
3
votes
0
answers
271
views
Approximating rotations on a torus with irrational rotations
Consider a rotation of the form $x\mapsto e^{i\theta}x$, for $x$ on the unit circle. By iterating this rotation, one can approximate any other rotation $x\mapsto e^{i\phi}x$ arbitrarily well, as long ...
- 181
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Summary of “Almost All Orbits of the Collatz Map Attain Almost Bounded Values”
Terence Tao's 2019 paper ``Almost all Orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values" is pretty famous. However, it's also long and complicated. I think there are useful techniques to ...
- 188
5
votes
2
answers
387
views
Why are these sets divisible by n?
Suppose we have a polynomial $z \to f_c(z)$ defined over $\mathbb Z$ with a free parameter $c$, for instance $z \to z^2 + c$ and we consider the iterates $z \to f_c^{(n)}(z)$ and define the ...
- 7,746
1
vote
0
answers
193
views
Theoretical invariant distribution of discrete dynamical systems, including the Riemann Zeta map
Update on 3/10/2021: I added Example 5 in the Appendix. This generic example encompasses the Riemann Zeta dynamical system. A simple version of this post, targeted to engineers, machine learning ...
- 3,098
5
votes
1
answer
198
views
Prime generating arithmetical dynamical system
Is there a prime generating arithmetical dynamical system, by which I mean, is there a rational function $f$ and a prime $p$ such that the set of values of iterates of $f$ starting at $p$, $I(f) = \{f^...
- 51
1
vote
0
answers
342
views
Are the orbits of this discrete dynamical system bounded?
Somehow I believe this should be true and easy to prove but cannot nail it down. A reference, proof, or counterexample will suffice. Didn't get any help over at MSE even with a bounty so I came here.
...
- 143
3
votes
1
answer
596
views
About generalized continued fractions
Let us consider the sequences $(x_n), (a_n)$, starting with $n=0$ and $x_0\in ]0,1[$, defined by the following generalized Gaussian map:
$$x_{n+1}=\frac{\lambda_n}{x_n^{\alpha_n}}-\Big\lfloor \frac{\...
- 3,098
1
vote
0
answers
87
views
How fast will it converge to equilibrium？
$\alpha \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Q}$, given $\varepsilon>0 \quad \lambda>0$.
given $n_{1}, \cdots, n_{k} \in N^{*}$ satisfied $(1-\varepsilon) \lambda<n_{1}<\cdots<n_{k}<(1+...
- 543
1
vote
0
answers
138
views
Diophantine approximation and the Euclidean algorithm
My question is whether something I've noticed is well-known. It seems like it must be, but I've been unable to find any references that describe what is outlined below.
Given real $x$ and irrational $...
- 133
25
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Do these rational sequences always reach an integer?
This post comes from the suggestion of Joel Moreira in a comment on An alternative to continued fraction and applications (itself inspired by the Numberphile video 2.920050977316 and Fridman, ...
2
votes
0
answers
281
views
Surreal numbers and the Collatz iteration as a game?
Let us define a game based on the Collatz function $C(n) = n/2$ if $n$ is even, otherwise $=3n+1$.
Each number $n$ represents a game played by left $L$ and right $R$:
$$n = \{L_n | R_n \}$$
The rules ...
- 3,064
2
votes
0
answers
91
views
Does there exist a natural number $m$ such that $\sigma^{(k)}((2m+1)^2)$ is an odd square number for all $k\ge 0$?
This question, comes out of a question in MSE and I hope it is ok to ask it here:
Does there exist a natural number $m$ such that $\sigma^{(k)}((2m+1)^2)$ is an odd square number for all $k\ge 0$?
...
- 3,064
11
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Generating functions of Collatz iterates?
Let $C(n) = n/2$ if $n$ is even and $3n+1$ otherwise be the Collatz function.
We look at the generating function $f_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty C^{(k)}(n)x^k$ of the iterates of the Collatz function.
The ...
- 3,064
8
votes
1
answer
328
views
On the density map of the abundancy index
Let $σ$ be the sum-of-divisors function. Let $σ(n)/n$ be the abundancy index of $n$. Consider the density map $$f(x) = \lim_{N \to \infty} f_N(x) \ \ \text{ with } \ \ f_N(x) = \frac{1}{N} \#\{ 1 \...
1
vote
0
answers
271
views
Is my ansatz for finding $n$-periodic-points of the exponential-function exhaustive?
The following is about getting help for a proof on existence and indexability of periodic points of the exponential-function, here with base $e:=\exp(1)$.
Update The question is a complete rewriting ...
- 5,342
11
votes
2
answers
882
views
Do infinitely nested radicals have any applications?
There is a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a continued radical of the form $\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \dotsc}}$ to converge (where all terms $a_1, a_2$ etc. are nonnegative). Namely, that ...
- 4,943
26
votes
4
answers
2k
views
For $x$ irrational, is $a_{n} =\sum_{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{⌊kx⌋}$ unbounded?
For $x$ irrational, define $a_{n} :=\sum_{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{⌊kx⌋}$. Can you prove that $\left\{a_n\right\}$ is unbounded?
I feel that it is not easy to treat every irrational $x$.
I have asked in S.E. ...
- 385
26
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Unexpected behavior involving √2 and parity
This post makes a focus on a very specific part of that long post. Consider the following map:
$$f: n \mapsto \left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
\left \lfloor{n/\sqrt{2}} \right \rfloor & \...
11
votes
0
answers
809
views
Borderline Collatz-like problems
The usual Collatz map is $C:n \mapsto n/2$ if $n$ even, $(3n+1)/2$ if $n$ odd. Let $f^{\circ (r+1)}:=f \circ f^{\circ r}$.
We suspect that for every fixed $n>0$, the sequence $C^{\circ r}(n)$ ...
2
votes
0
answers
125
views
Does $\sum_{i\le k}\mathrm{frac}(n\alpha_i)<1$ hold infinitely often?
For each $t \in \mathbf{R}$, let $\mathrm{frac}(t)$ be its fractional part.
Question. Fix reals $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_k \in (0,1)$ such that $\sum_{i\le k}\alpha_i<1$. Do there exist ...
- 1,511
0
votes
0
answers
96
views
$||g_n||_{\infty} < \delta_{n-1}(g)$
It may be a simple question to post it here, but I posted this question in the Math Stack Exchange forum and no one answered me.
Let $E$ be a (possibly infinite) alphabet and consider $X = E^{\...
- 151
2
votes
1
answer
131
views
Find integer $k$ such that $k \alpha_i \bmod{1}$ are simultaneously small for all $i$
A classical result shows that if $\alpha$ is irrational, then $\{k \alpha \bmod{1}\}_{k \in \mathbb{Z}}$ is dense over $[0,1]$.
Can we extend this result as follows?
Suppose $\alpha_1,\dots,\...
- 1,551
21
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Applications of number theory in dynamical systems
I am looking for references (or ways to find references) on significant and/or recent applications of techniques in number theory to problems in the areas of dynamical systems and nonlinear dynamics.
...
- 760
9
votes
0
answers
225
views
On the first sequence without collinear triple
Let $u_n$ be the sequence lexicographically first among the sequences of nonnegative integers with graphs without collinear three points (as for $a_n=n^2$ or $b_n=2^n$). It is a variation of that one.
...
57
votes
0
answers
3k
views
On the first sequence without triple in arithmetic progression
In this Numberphile video (from 3:36 to 7:41), Neil Sloane explains an amazing sequence:
It is the lexicographically first among the sequences of positive integers without triple in arithmetic ...
8
votes
0
answers
197
views
The condition on $\alpha$ that $\alpha^n$ is convergent modulo 1
We consider numbers $\alpha\in \mathbb{R}$ with $|\alpha|>1$. Is there any result about a characterization of those $\alpha$ so that $\{\alpha^n\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ is convergent modulo 1?
I ...
- 661
13
votes
0
answers
802
views
Hilbert 16th problem and dynamical Lefschetz trace formula
I would like to apply the known version of the conjectural formula (11) page 10 of the paper Number theory and dynamical Lefschetz trace formula.
Disclaimer: I do not have a complete ...
- 356