All Questions
5,909 questions
1
vote
0
answers
112
views
Question regarding the image of a polynomial map containing a small box
I have the following question, which intuitively seems it should be true but I wasn't sure how to prove it rigorously.
Let $\delta, \varepsilon > 0$.
Let $\Psi_i(w_1, w_2, \mathbf{v})$ be a ...
- 3,625
1
vote
1
answer
360
views
Holes of a compact set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ that do not contain holes of a larger open set
Let $K$ be a compact subset of an arbitrary open set $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n.$ It is said that a connected component $W$ of $\Omega\setminus K$ is $\Omega$-bounded if $\overline{W}$ is a compact ...
- 29.8k
1
vote
1
answer
170
views
Root problem involving error function
I ran into this problem in my research:
Let $y_0$ be the root of
$$-(y+a)e^{y^2}\mathit{erfc}(y)+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\pi}}=0$$
on interval $[-a,\infty)$, while $a>0$ and $0<b<1$.
How can I ...
- 128k
14
votes
6
answers
3k
views
What's a natural candidate for an analytic function that interpolates the tower function?
I know that there are analytic functions whose composition with itself is the exponential function, the so-called functional square root of the exponential function, with the additional property that ...
- 5,342
2
votes
2
answers
172
views
An analogue of the equidistribution theorem?
Suppose that $(n_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}$ is a given increasing sequence of positive integers.
Does there exist an (irrational) number $a$ such that
$\{an_k\}:=(a n_k)\text{mod }1 \rightarrow 1/2$ as $...
- 2,071
3
votes
1
answer
409
views
Transformations of càdlàg functions
Denote by $D[0,1]$ the space of càdlàg functions on $[0,1]$. Take a Borel set $B$ in $\mathbb R$ such that $0\notin \overline{B}$ and consider the function
$$(Tf)(t) = \sum_{s\leqslant t, f(s)-f(s-)\...
- 17.2k
0
votes
1
answer
386
views
Functions satisfying Neumann boundary condition
I have a question about functions satisfying a condition.
Let $D \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a Lipschitz domain. That is, for each $x \in \partial D$, there exists an open neighborhood $U$ of $x$ in $\...
- 503
1
vote
1
answer
87
views
Function is almost everywhere 1 w.r.t. sequence of regular Borel probability measures
Let $\epsilon>0$ be given. Let $Y$ be a compact, Hausdorff space and let $U\subseteq Y$ be an open subset. Assume that $(\mu_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ is a sequence of regular Borel probability measures ...
1
vote
1
answer
291
views
Norm of solution of quadratic program
In a quadratic program (QP), do linear equality constraints always reduce the norm of the minimizer? Specifically, let $P \succ 0$, $A \in \mathsf{M}_{m\times n}$ and $q\in\mathbb{R}^n$. Define
$$x^* ...
- 153
3
votes
2
answers
309
views
Seeking proof to an asymptotics of a recursion or functional equation
My question on math.stackexchange.com and the continuation by an answer to it gives the two summation expressions for the recursion
$$a_n = 1+\frac1{2^n}\sum_{k=0}^n {n\choose k}a_k,\, \forall n\in\...
- 109k
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Is the sum of a Darboux function and a polynomial necessarily a Darboux function?
A function $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is called a Darboux function if and only if it maps every connected subset of $\mathbb{R}$ to a connected set.
As an example :
We know that (a.k.a., the ...
- 32.5k
4
votes
2
answers
353
views
Why $\lim_{n\to+\infty}\bigg(\bigg\|\sum_{f\in F(n,d)} A_{f}^* A_{f}\bigg\|^{\frac{1}{2n}} \bigg)\;\text{exists}?$
Let $E$ be a complex Hilbert space and $\mathcal{L}(E)$ be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $E$.
For $A= (A_1,\cdots,A_d)\in\mathcal{L}(E)^d$ (not necessary to be commuting). Why
$$...
- 60.6k
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
seeking proofs: infinite series inequalities
Question. Numerically, the following is convincing. However, is there a proof?
$$\left(\sum_{k\geq1}\frac1{\sqrt{2^k+3^k}}\right)^4
<\pi^2\left(\sum_{k\geq1}\frac1{2^k+3^k}\right)\left(\sum_{k\...
- 2,251
2
votes
2
answers
150
views
Approximately complemented subspaces
Definition:
Suppose $E$ is a subspace of normed space $X$. Then $E$ is approximately complemented in $X$ if for any compact subset $K$ of $E$ and any $\epsilon>0$ there is a continuous linear ...
- 25.8k
2
votes
1
answer
193
views
A question on the partial sum of infinite doubly stochastic matrix
Let $A=(a_{ij})$ be an infinite doubly stochastic matrix. Is the following statement true ?
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^na_{ij} >0
$$
Any reference or comment on this is ...
8
votes
1
answer
391
views
On the limit of partial sum of infinite doubly stochastic matrix
Let $A=(a_{ij})$ be an infinite doubly stochastic matrix. Does there necessarily exist a subsequence $\{n_k\}_{k=1}^\infty$ such that
$$ \lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{1}{n_k}\sum_{i=1}^{n_k}\sum_{j=1}^{n_k}...
12
votes
2
answers
732
views
Is it possible to have the set $f^{-1}(\lbrace x \rbrace)$ perfect for every $x$?
There are examples of functions $f \colon [0,1] \longrightarrow [0,1]$ such that
for any $\alpha $, $f^{-1}(\lbrace \alpha \rbrace)$ is uncountable. My favorite example is $$f(r) = \limsup_n \frac{...
CommunityBot
- 1
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Bounds on the number of zeros of real analytic functions
Let $F(A)$ be a class of real-analytic function on an interval $A \subset \mathbb{R}$ minus the zero function.
We have the following theorem for $F(A)$.
If $f \in F(A)$ then $f$ has at most ...
- 12.9k
1
vote
1
answer
192
views
Neumann-Poincare operator is in the Schatten class
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\ge 3$. We define the Neumann-Poincare operator(or double layer potential) $K: L^2(\partial\Omega)\to L^2(\partial\Omega)$ by
$$(Kf)(x)=\int_{\...
- 12.3k
5
votes
1
answer
882
views
Two integral representations for $\zeta(3)$ from Zurab's integral and standard formulas for the gamma function
This morning I wrote with the help of a CAS, and integral representation for the Apéry's constant $\zeta(3)$ and some standard formulas two formulas involving this constant. I would like to know if ...
- 791
5
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Convergence of sequence of inverse functions
I have a question: Consider two sequences of continuous, bijective functions $f_n$ and $g_n$ mapping $\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$. I know that for every compact $K\in\mathbb{R}$ that
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}...
- 60.6k
1
vote
0
answers
214
views
Restriction of a Sobolev function to a straight line
I have been asked the following question, and I have to admit that I have no idea about the answer.
Assume that $f \colon (a,b) \to \mathbb{R}$ is a function. Assume also that there exists a ...
- 459
13
votes
2
answers
1k
views
On Hamkins' answer to a problem by Michael Hardy
Based on a post by Michael Hardy and Hamkins' answer to it Andreas Blass, Will Brian, Joel Hamkins, Michael Hardy and Paul Larson introduced a new cardinal characteristic of the continuum $\mathfrak{...
CommunityBot
- 1
9
votes
2
answers
338
views
Does $End(V)$ remember $V$, where $V$ is a locally convex space?
Let $V$ be a locally convex topological vector space over $\mathbb C$, and let $A=\mathrm{End}(V)$ be its algebra of continuous linear endomorphisms (viewed just as a $\mathbb{C}$-algebra, not as a ...
- 126
5
votes
1
answer
607
views
Does eigenvalue exist in a Hilbert space? [closed]
In a lecture on Quantum mechanics, the professor concluded that if $a$ is a linear operator with $[a, a^\dagger] = 1$, where $a^\dagger$ is the adjoint of $a$ and $[a, a^\dagger] = aa^\dagger - a^\...
- 23k
2
votes
1
answer
497
views
Spectrum of magnetic Laplacian
Consider the discrete magnetic Laplacian on $\mathbb Z^2.$
$$(\Delta_{\alpha,\lambda}\psi)(n_1,n_2) = e^{-i \pi \alpha n_2} \psi(n_1+1,n_2) + e^{i\pi \alpha n_2} \psi(n_1-1,n_2) + \lambda \left(e^{i ...
- 188k
4
votes
1
answer
341
views
Extended convolution theorem for Laplace transform
Let $(f*g)(t):=\int_0^t f(s) g(t-s)ds.$
Then the Laplace transform $L$ satisfies $L(f*g)(t)=L(f)(t)L(g)(t).$
This is known as the convolution theorem.
I would like to know whether something similar ...
- 188k
3
votes
1
answer
870
views
Approximation by simple functions on a product $\sigma$-algebra
Let
$(\Omega_i,\mathcal A_i)$ be a measureable space
$\mathcal M_i\subseteq2^{\Omega_i}$ be a $\pi$-system with $\Omega_i\in\mathcal M_i$ and $\sigma(\mathcal M_i)=\mathcal A_i$
$\mathcal E(M_1\times\...
11
votes
4
answers
668
views
Is every non-negative test function the limit of a sequence of sums of squares of test functions?
Let $0\leq f\in\mathscr{D}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. As shown e.g. by J.-M. Bony, F. Broglia, F. Colombini and L. Pernazza, Nonnegative functions as squares or sums of squares, J. Funct. Anal. 232 (2006) 137-...
- 60.6k
2
votes
2
answers
226
views
Orthogonal system of functions ordered by norm of second derivative
Problem setting:
Let $\Omega = [-1,1] \subset \mathbb{R}$ be an interval and consider the space of infinitely differentiable functions, that is $C^{\infty}$.
We successively define the sequence $f_k ...
- 390
2
votes
1
answer
315
views
Can it be proved that $f$ is integrable?
Let $x$ be a differentiable function on $\mathbb{R}$. I want to prove that for any time $t \geq t_0$
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{2} D^{\alpha} x^2(t) \leq x(t) D^{\alpha} x(t), \ \ \forall \alpha \...
- 138
1
vote
1
answer
194
views
Uniformly approximating a function of vanishing variation by functions of vanishing gradient
Let us say that a bounded smooth function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ has vanishing variation at infinity (or satisfies "property $A$" for short) if, for any $r\neq 0$, we have
$$\lim_{x\...
- 17.2k
-2
votes
2
answers
325
views
$f\in (W^{1,p}(\Omega)\cap C(\Omega) \cap L^{\infty}(\Omega))\setminus C(\bar{\Omega})$, $f=0$ on $\partial \Omega$ imply $f\in W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)$?
Q1:
Let $p\geq 1$, and let $f\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)\cap C(\Omega)$. Assume also
$f\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ and $f=0$ on $\partial \Omega$. Is it true that
$f\in W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)$ even if $f\notin C(\...
- 29.8k
2
votes
0
answers
88
views
Conditions for $B$ that make $ADB + (ADB)^T$ positive (semi-)definite
I am trying to find conditions under which this dynamical system converges. At the end of the day, we have something like
$$
0 \leq x^TD_0W_0D_1W_1D_2 \dots W_ND_NCx
$$
With $D_i$ matrices that are ...
- 121
6
votes
1
answer
234
views
What about of periodic points of $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\mu(n)}{n}x^n$, $0<x<1$, where $\mu(n)$ is the Möbius function?
Let $\mu(n)$ the Möbius function, we define $F:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ as $$F(x)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\mu(n)}{n}x^n.\tag{1}$$
For a function of this kind (I presume that this continuous function has image $[...
- 28.2k
11
votes
2
answers
852
views
An (hopeless) integro-differential equation
While doing some estimates for PDEs I came across the following equation:
$$
y'(t) = \alpha(t) + \left( \int_0^t y(\tau) \, d\tau\right)^\gamma, \qquad t \in [0,1]
$$
where $\alpha \colon [0,1] \...
5
votes
1
answer
351
views
Set of translations of a real function having a dense linear span
Let $W$ be the space of continuous functions $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $\lim_{x\rightarrow \pm \infty} f(x)=0$, and consider the sup-norm topology on $W$.
Problem. does there ...
- 2,429
35
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is it consistent with ZF that $V \to V^{\ast \ast}$ is always an isomorphism?
Let $k$ be a field and $V$ a $k$-vector space. Then there is a map $V \to V^{\ast \ast}$, where $V^{\ast}$ is the dual vector space. If we are in ZFC and $\dim V$ is infinite, then this map is not ...
4
votes
2
answers
197
views
Inequalities for convex functions
Suppose $M:[0, \infty)\to [0, \infty)$ is convex, non-decreasing, $M(0)=0$, $M'(0)=0$ (where the derivative is the derivative from the right), and $M(s)>0$ for all $s>0$. Under what conditions ...
- 2,251
2
votes
0
answers
58
views
Absolute continuity of DOS measure for Schrödinger operators
Kotani theory gives roughly that for ergodic operators there is a certain equivalence between absolutely continuous spectrum and an absolutely continuous density of states measure.
I would like to ...
- 21
12
votes
1
answer
231
views
History of publication of von Neumann's characterization of orthogonally invariant matrix norms
Von Neumann has a result (rather well-known in convex analysis circles) which states that every orthogonally invariant matrix norm (meaning $\| P M Q\| = \| M \|,$ for any orthogonal $P, Q$) is a ...
- 63.9k
0
votes
3
answers
554
views
Converting a bounded metric into an unbounded metric
Suppose $d$ is a bounded metric on $X$, i.e. $d(x,y)< K<\infty$ for all $x,y\in X$. Is there a standard way to convert $d$ into another metric $\widetilde{d}$ on $X$ with the property that $\...
- 1,090
4
votes
1
answer
814
views
Symmetric functions of eigenvalues
Let $f: \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a smooth function, which is symmetric under the action of the symmetric group (acting on $\mathbb{R}^n$ by permuting the variables).
Let $M_{n\times n}$...
- 25.3k
7
votes
1
answer
277
views
Convergence in Lebesgue measure
It is well known that if $K_n$ are compact sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$ converging in Hausdorff distance to $K$ compact as well, then it does not follow that their Lebesgue measures converge (even if the ...
- 29.8k
1
vote
1
answer
236
views
Continuity of the solution of a Pde system
Let $\rho_1:[0,1]\to [0,1]$ and $J:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R^+$ both continuous and bounded.
I have the following system of PDE's
\begin{align}
\begin{cases}
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} u_0(t,r)=- J* ...
CommunityBot
- 1
8
votes
1
answer
527
views
Interpolation between L^1 and Sobolev Space
Suppose $D^\alpha$ is fractional differentiation of order $\alpha$ on the real line. Is it true that
$||D^\alpha f||_{L^\frac{2 \beta}{2 \beta - \alpha}({\mathbb R})} \leq C_{\alpha,\beta} ||f||_{L^...
CommunityBot
- 1
2
votes
0
answers
114
views
Is there an explicit version of Morse Lemma used in stationary phase method?
In the proof of the stationary phase method (at least the one I have seen) Morse lemma shows up, which states: Let $g:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R$ be a function of class $C^\infty$ for which $0$ is a ...
- 3,625
5
votes
3
answers
787
views
positive sum of sines
This was asked but never answered at MSE.
Let $f(x) = \sin(a_1x) + \sin(a_2x) + \cdots + \sin(a_nx)$, where the $a_i$'s
represent distinct positive integers. Suppose also that $f(x)$ satisfies the ...
- 4,713
1
vote
1
answer
868
views
Limit of functions and asymptotic behaviour
Let us consider a sequence $(p_l)_l$ of polynomials on $[0,1]$ that converge uniformely, as $l\to \infty$, to a function $f$ defined on $[0,1]$.
I denote the polynomials $p_l(t) = \sum_{k=0}^{m(l)} ...
- 60.6k
22
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is a real power series that maps rationals to rationals defined by a rational function?
Suppose that the function $p(x)$ is defined on an open subset $U$ of $\mathbb{R}$ by a power series with real coefficients. Suppose, further, that $p$ maps rationals to rationals. Must $p$ be defined ...
- 105k