Questions tagged [ap.analysis-of-pdes]
Partial differential equations (PDEs): Existence and uniqueness, regularity, boundary conditions, linear and non-linear operators, stability, soliton theory, integrable PDEs, conservation laws, qualitative dynamics.
4,466 questions
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Approximation on $H^1_0(B)$ and cut-off functions
Let $u \in H^1_0(B)$, where $B$ is the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Given $\epsilon > 0$, I need to show there exists a function $\chi_\epsilon \in C^\infty_0(\mathbb{R}^N)$ such that
$$
\| u - \...
- 167
3
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1
answer
81
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Seeking references on second-order optimality conditions in $H^1(Ω)$ space
I am currently working on optimal control problems where the control function belongs to the Sobolev space $ H^1(\Omega) $ and the objective functional is of the type $ J(u,y)=\int_\Omega L(x,y)dx+ \...
- 53
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Regularity structures vs Renormalization
What are the substantial differences in the theory of "Regularity Structures" versus perturbative renormalization from Quantum Field Theory?
The idea that to treat divergences inherent to ...
- 1,435
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142
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A linear degenerate elliptic pde
I am having trouble solving a linear degenerate elliptic equation. The problem is as follows.
Let $U\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded open set and $\omega:U\to\mathbb{R}$ is a $C^\infty$ function ...
- 21
5
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1
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246
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An asymmetric quadrilinear estimate
Fix $1<p<2$ and let $a_{i}=1-\frac{\theta_{i}}{p^{\prime}}$
where $\theta_{i}\in (0,1/2)$, $i=1,2,3,4$, and $p^{\prime}$ is the conjugate exponent of $p$. Note here that $0<a_{i}=1-\theta_{i}+...
- 852
3
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1
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273
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Exact decay for solutions of fractional Laplacian equation
Let $s\in (0,1), N\ge 2$ and $U$ be the unique radially decreasing solution of
\begin{equation}
\ \ \left\{\begin{aligned}
(-\Delta)^s U+ U &=U^p &&\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^N\\
U&...
- 402
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0
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879
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A fourth-order linear PDE
I am interested in the following type of $4$-th order linear PDE with $2$ variables (i.e., $x$ and $t$):
$$x^3 f_{xxxt}+ f =0$$
Does anyone know if this type of PDE already appeared in the literature? ...
- 141
3
votes
1
answer
251
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Feynman–Kac formula for other operators
I recently came across the Feynman-Kac formula which states that given an open domain $\Omega\in\mathbb{R}^n$ and $f \in L^2(\Omega)$
where $x \in \Omega$ and $t > 0$, then
$e^{t\Delta_D}f(x) = ...
- 41
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62
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Uniqueness problem of constant coefficient differential operator with given boundary information on compact domain
I'm considering the uniqueness problem for a constant coefficient differential operator $A$ on compact domain $\Omega$ with given boundary information such that we have
\begin{equation}\label{...
- 421
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Sufficient initial conditions for "non-local" PDE
I am studying a problem of the form $$i\, \partial_t \psi(t) = L \psi(t) + \int_0^t U(t-r) \psi(r) \, dr, \qquad \psi(0) = \psi_0,$$ where the evolution occurs in some Hilbert space, $L$ is a self-...
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3
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Are all positive eigenfunctions principal eigenfunctions?
In a given domain $\Omega$, we have: $\Delta u=-\lambda u$ with $u>0$. Does this mean that $u$ is a principal eigenfunction for $\Delta$ in $\Omega$?
Also, more generally, does this also apply for $...
- 421
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74
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Operator globally hypoelliptic
An operateor $T$ is globally hypoelliptic if :
$u\in S'(\Bbb R^n),Tu\in S(\Bbb R^n)$ imply $u\in S(\Bbb R^n)$.
My question why if $u\in L^2(\Bbb R^n): Tu =\lambda u$. Then $u\in S(\Bbb R^n)$.
where $\...
- 531
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Uniqueness of constructed solutions to the Helmholtz equation
My question is regarding the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation on $\mathbb{R}^3$ with real wavenumber $k$ and outgoing radiation condition
\begin{equation}
\Delta u + k^2 u = - f \quad \text{and} \quad ...
2
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1
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160
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Well-posedness of PDE with $\partial_{tt}\Delta u$ - like term
I am looking for direct hints or references for the establishment of existence of suitable weak solutions admitted by a class of problems of the following type: We search $u$ satisfying
$$
\begin{...
- 35
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Extensions of functions with bounded $\int \lvert\operatorname{div} A(\nabla u)\rvert\, dm$
Consider the annulus $\mathcal A:= B(0,2)\setminus B(0,1)$ in $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq2$ and the divergence form elliptic operator $\operatorname{div}(A\nabla \cdot)$ on $\mathcal A$ where $A$ is a ...
- 393
1
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1
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125
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Integrability of modified diagonalizable Jacobian
I have a smooth function $f$ from $\mathbf{R}^N$ to $\mathbf{R}^N$. For each $x\in \mathbf{R}^N$ the Jacobian of $f$, $J_f$, is diagonalizable as
$$
J_f(x)=S(x)\Lambda(x) {S(x)}^{-1},
$$
where the ...
- 19
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639
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Prove J.L. Lions’s Lemma without using Fourier transform
When I read the book Linear and Nonlinear Functional Analysis with Applications, I came across J.L. Lions's Lemma (the book doesn't give a proof), which states
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$ be a ...
- 807
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1
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80
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Does local gradient collinearity imply factorization
Assume that we have two analytic functions $f(x,y)$ and $g(x,y)$ defined near $(0,0)$ on the plane. Let us also assume that $\nabla f =k \nabla g$, where $k=k(x,y)$ is also analytic and $\nabla f(0,0)\...
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1
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Looking for definition of function spaces appearing in article of DiPerna & Lions
I am looking for the definition of various function spaces appearing in the following article, preferably with references to other sources where such spaces are discussed in greater detail:
Article: ...
- 21
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The determinant as a differential operator
According to Gårding, the determinant is a hyperbolic polynomial over the space $\mathbf{Sym}_n$ of real symmetric $n\times n$ matrices. More precisely, it is hyperbolic in the direction of the ...
- 52.3k
1
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Uniform bound for coefficients of fundamental forms of unbounded surface
Recently I am using the Gauss-Weingarten relations to transform an equation defined on a domain $\Omega\in\mathbb{R}^3$ into a form expressed in local coordinates when it approaches the boundary $\...
- 71
3
votes
1
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160
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Definitions of weak solutions for quasilinear wave equations
I am learning the shock problem for the balance system (perhaps not conserved, see, e.g., "Ingo Muller, Tommaso Ruggeri. Rational Extended Thermodynamics") and just have a question on the ...
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Status of generalization of timelike tube theorem to algebras of causal completions
The timelike tube theorem states that the additive algebra $A_{\text{add}}(U)$ of operators in a spacetime region $U$ is equal to the additive algebra $A_{\text{add}}(E(U))$ of the timelike envelope $...
user528837
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answers
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Holder-Besov space and time continuity
Let $\mathbb{T}^d$ be the $d$-dimensional torus, $\mathscr{S}:=C^\infty(\mathbb{T}^d)$ the Schwartz space, $\mathscr{S}'$ the space of tempered distributions.
We consider a dyadic partition of unity $(...
- 573
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2
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548
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Wick rotation for Laplace and wave equations
I have seen Wick rotation used to describe the relationship between the heat and Schrodinger equations. That is, if $u(t,x)$ solves the heat equation then $v(t,x):=u(it,x)$ solves the Schrodinger ...
- 1,904
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242
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A Inequality in the paper by Kenig, Ponce and Vega
I was trying to read the appendix of the paper by Kenig, Ponce and Vega, "Well-posedness and scattering results for the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation via the contraction principle",
...
- 87
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279
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Schroedinger operator in 2 dimensions with singular potential
Consider the Schroedinger operator
$$H = -\Delta + \frac{c}{\vert x \vert^2}$$
in two dimensions with $c >0$
This operator has a self-adjoint realization, since it is a positive symmetric operator ...
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0
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134
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How can i show that the last equality in the text is true?
Suppose that $v$ is critical point of
$$
f(u)=\frac{1}{2} \int_D|\nabla u|^2-\frac{1}{p+1} \int_D|u|^{p+1}, \quad u \in H_{0, \text{rad}}^1(D),\quad D(r, d)=\left\{z \in R^N: r^2<|z|^2<(r+d)^2\...
- 69
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Regularity structures-paracontrolled distributions: do they always work for sub-critical SPDE?
Stochastic PDE could be solved using either regularity structures or paracontrolled distributions, as long it's sub-critical.
I was wondering if this was proven, that is every sub-critical SPDE could ...
- 573
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1
answer
112
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A bilinear estimate with a simple one-dimensional oscillatory integral kernel
Let $f\in L^{p}(\mathbb{R})$, $1\leq p\leq 2$.
I am trying to show that
$$\int_{\mathbb{R}}\int_{\mathbb{R}}
\,K(y,z)\,
\frac{f(y)f(z)}{y^{\frac{1}{2\,p^{\prime}}}\,z^{\frac{1}{2\,p^{\prime}}}}\,dy\,...
- 852
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votes
1
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117
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How to understand the unique continuation result
Let $E$ be the closure of $C_c^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{R}^N\right)$ ($N \geqq 3)$ under the norm
$$
\|u\|_E=\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2\right)^{1 / 2}.
$$
Suppose $K(x) \in C^1\left(\mathbf{R}^...
- 471
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0
answers
46
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Uniqueness results for linear first order systems of PDEs
Context: I have the following system of PDEs, for an unknown function $u:\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\to \mathbb{C}^m$ (it is a system in the components of $u$):
$$u_{x_0}=\sum_{i=1}^n A_iu_{x_i} + B(x)u\qquad u(...
- 1,205
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0
answers
64
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Unique continuation for $\operatorname{div}(a_{ij} \nabla u)$ with $ a _{ij} \in W^{1,d}$
Let $\Omega$ be a connected domain in $\mathbf{R}^d$, with $d>2$. Assume that $ A(x)=(a _{ij})_{1 \leq i,j \leq d}$ is uniformly positive definite, with variable coefficients in $ W^{1,d}(\Omega)$. ...
- 61
1
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0
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207
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Specific type of PDE
While deriving the SHJB equation for a specific case I stumbled upon this (using Einstein's convention for repeated indices):
$$\rho J = (x_i \tilde u_i-K_i) + (\alpha_i + \beta_{ij}x_j - R_{ijk} \...
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Convergence of metric and eigenvalues on a tubular neighbourhood
Background:
Consider the sphere $S^2$ with the round metric $g$ and let $\gamma$ be one half of a great circle of length $\pi.$ Let $T_\epsilon$ denote a geodesically convex tube around $\gamma$ of ...
- 537
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1
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What can one say about the Dirichlet problem for Schrödinger equation with negative potential?
Consider the Schrödinger type equation in $\Bbb R^2$:
$$
\Delta f(x,y)+c(x,y)f(x,y)=0
$$
where $c(x,y)$ is a positive (!) function everywhere analytic on the plane, and $\Delta$ is the Laplace ...
8
votes
1
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Estimates of $\Delta|\nabla u|$ for harmonic function $u$
The well-known Bochner formula and refined Kato inequality (for harmonic function) tells us that for a harmonic function $u$ in $B_{2}\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$,
$$
\frac{1}{n}|\nabla^{2}u|^{2}\leqslant |\...
- 155
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votes
2
answers
670
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Asymptotic behavior of a certain oscillatory integral
Let $x>0$ and consider the integral
$$I(x):=\int_0^\infty \frac{e^{i r}}{r^{\frac{1}{2}}} \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-s}}{s^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{r}{sx+\sqrt{sxr}+r} \, ds \, dr.$$
I am trying to ...
- 852
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0
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138
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Is $L^2([a,b]; L^2(S^2))$ the same as $L^2([a,b] \times S^2)$?
The space $L^2([a,b];L^2(S^2))$ is a Banach space with respect to the norm
$$\left\Vert f \right\Vert_1^2 = \int_{a}^b \left\Vert f(r) \right\Vert_{L^2(S^2)}^2 dr$$
The space $L^2([a,b]\times S^2)$ ...
- 969
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128
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Image of trace operator on $W^{2,1}(\mathbb{R}^2)$
It is known that for a domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ with $C^1$ boundary $\partial\Omega$, that the trace operator is bounded and surjective from $T:W^{1,1}(\Omega)\to L^1(\partial\Omega)$.
For ...
- 989
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1
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121
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A simple bilinear estimate
Let $2\leq p,q <\infty$ and fix $0<\alpha<1$ such that
$\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}\leq 2-\alpha$.
Suppose that $f\in L^{p}([0,1])$ and $g\in L^{q}([0,1])$.
What is the optimal value of $t=t(\...
- 852
1
vote
1
answer
433
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Derivative of Wasserstein distance $W^p_p$ along solutions of the continuity equation (contradicting statements in different sources)
Let $(\rho^{(i)}_t,{\bf v}^{(i)}_t)$ for $i = 1,2$ be two solutions of the continuity equation $$\partial \rho^{(i)}_t + \nabla\cdot \left({\bf v}^{(i)}_t \rho^{(i)}_t\right) = 0 \label{1}\tag{1}$$ on ...
- 730
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0
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75
views
Regularity of solutions to an elliptic boundary value problem
Let $M = [1,\infty)\times S^2$. For an integer $k \geq 2$ and number $\tau<0$, define the space $L^2_{\tau}([1,\infty);H^k(S^2))$ to be all $H^k(S^2)$-valued functions $u$ on $[1,\infty)$ with $\...
- 969
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votes
1
answer
285
views
Distinguishing the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
Theorem 2.3.9. in Triebel's Theory of Function Spaces states that the Besov space $B^{s_1, p_1}_{q_1} (\mathbb R^d)$ coincides with the Triebel-Lizorkin space $F^{s_2, p_2}_{q_2} (\mathbb R^d)$ if and ...
- 301
2
votes
1
answer
128
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On the existence of a complicated fractal-like set of finite perimeter
Let $f\in BV(\Bbb R^n)$ be an integer-valued function that maps into $\{0, 1\}$ and is identically $0$ outside some bounded set in $\Bbb R^n$. In particular, $f$ determines a bounded Caccioppoli set $...
- 1,245
2
votes
1
answer
131
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Gradient flows and particle representations
I was looking into gradient flows and their particle representations, mostly in the context of probability.
A simple example of this is the continuity equation. Consider evolving a sample $x \sim \...
- 123
4
votes
1
answer
237
views
Closed-form solution to hyperbolic PDE
Let $A\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ be Lebesgue integrable, and $c_1,c_2\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ also be Lebesgue integrable. Consider the hyperbolic PDE
$$
\begin{cases}
\partial_{x,y}u & = A\...
- 5,405
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votes
0
answers
78
views
Elliptic regularity on manifolds with boundary
If X is a smooth manifold with boundary and of dimension m, and P is an elliptic partial differential operator on X with smooth coefficients, and f is a locally integrable function on X with Pf=0 in ...
- 41
3
votes
0
answers
161
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Lebesgue measure of the boundary of the positivity set of a function is zero?
Let $w$ be a function $\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R$ with the following properties:
$w$ is globally $\alpha$-Hölder continuous, $\alpha \in (0,1)$;
$w$ is biharmonic on $C=\{w>0\}$;
$w$ is subharmonic ...
0
votes
1
answer
217
views
About the polynomial characterization of $C^{1,\alpha}(\bar{\Omega})$ Hölder space in Lipschitz domain
I have trouble proving the following statement regarding a characterization of $C^{1,\alpha}$:
Let $\Omega$ be a Lipschitz domain. $u$ is pointwise $C^{1,\alpha}$ at all points with the same constant $...
- 111