Questions tagged [p-adic-numbers]
The p-adic number system for any prime number p extends the ordinary arithmetic of the rational numbers in a different way from the extension of the rational number system to the real and complex number systems
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If a unitsquare is partitioned into 101 triangles, is the area of one at least 1%?
Update: The answer to the title question is no, as pointed out by Tapio and Willie. I would be more interested in lower bounds.
Monsky's famous theorem with amazingly tricky proof says that if we ...
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The formal p-adic numbers
The real numbers can be defined in two ways (well, more than two, but let's stick to these for now): as the Cauchy completion of the metric space $\mathbb{Q}$ with its usual absolute value, or as the ...
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Does the equation $1 + 2 + 3 + \dots = -\frac{1}{12}$ have a natural $p$-adic interpretation?
Consider the equation
$$1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + \cdots = - \frac{1}{12},$$
"proved" by Ramanujan Euler. One correct way to interpret this is that $\zeta(-1) = - \frac{1}{12},$ where $\zeta(s) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\...
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Only finitely many values of the symmetric functions of $1/1,1/2,\ldots,1/n$ are $2$-adic integers (?)
For integers $n \geq k \geq 1$ let
$$H(n,k) := \sum_{1 \leq i_1 < \cdots < i_k \leq n} \frac1{i_1 \cdots i_k}$$
be the $k$-th elementary symmetric function of $\tfrac1{1},\tfrac1{2}, \ldots, \...
user40023
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What is $\mathbb{Q}_1$, the "field of $1$-adic numbers"?
(Disclaimer: I'm totally ignorant about $\mathbb{F}_1$ theory)
There are now (several) working definitions of the "field with one element" $\mathbb{F}_1$ (not literally a field, of course), and ...
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Are the p-adics a direct summand of the direct product of the groups $\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}$?
The p-adic integers $\mathbb{Z}_p$ can be thought of as a subgroup of the direct product group $P = \prod_{n \geq 1} \mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}$. Are they a direct summand of this group? That is, is ...
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A list of proofs of the Hasse–Minkowski theorem
I am currently doing a project in which I intend to include the most insightful possible proof of the Hasse–Minkowski theorem (also known as the Hasse principle for quadratic forms, among other names) ...
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What is the $p$-adic Langlands conjecture for $\mathbf{GL}_1$?
In the Boston conference on Fermat's Last Theorem (Summer 1995), Barry Mazur said (around 15m into the video) about class field theory that
If you are a number-theorist and you want to cheer ...
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Is a matrix similar to its transpose over $\mathbb{Z}_p$?
Is every $n \times n$ matrix with entries in $\mathbb{Z}_p$ (or even $\mathbb{Z}$) conjugate to its transpose via a matrix in $GL_n(\mathbb{Z}_p)$?
On the one hand, I know the analogous fact is false ...
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Is the p-adic density of the image of a polynomial always rational?
This question was previously posted here on MSE.
Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients, and let $p$ be a prime number. For $n\in\mathbb N$, let $I_n$ be the number of integers $i\in\{1,\...
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Why does the field norm on the field extension $ \mathbb C/\mathbb R $ induce a vector space norm?
There is a general result which holds for the rational numbers $ \mathbb Q $ (as well as number fields in general):
For any completion $ K $ of $ \mathbb Q $ and any finite extension $ L/K $ of ...
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A quantitative version of Hensel's Lemma
I've been reading some papers on Igusa zeta functions, and they seem to be implicitly using a "quantitative version" of Hensel's Lemma, which also asserts the number of lifts of a $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{...
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is there a p-adic implicit function theorem?
I am trying to find a good reference for a version of the implicit function theorem over $p$-adic manifolds. None of the texts I have consulted ( including "$p$-adic numbers, $p$-adic analysis, and ...
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Some questions on the $p$-adic properties of special $L$-values
Warning: Some naive, speculative questions from a total non expert.
Let $\rho$ be a p-adic representation of the Galois group $Gal(\overline K/K)$ for a number field $K$. We can consider the Artin L-...
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What is the value of $p$-adic $\zeta$-function at positive integer point?
$p$-adic zeta function is a $p$-adic interpolation of the Riemann $\zeta$-function for the values $\zeta(1−k)$, $k\ge 1$ (see $p$-adic Numbers, $p$-adic Analysis, and Zeta-Functions by Neal Koblitz) ...
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$p$-adic L function of an odd Dirichlet character
Apologies for a naive question (especially for Iwasawa theorists): it is well-known
and trivial to prove that the usual (elementary) construction of $p$-adic L functions
attached to odd Dirichlet ...
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Numbers $k$ with $\{\binom nk:\ n\in\mathbb N\}$ dense in $\mathbb Z_p$ for any prime $p\le k$
Let $k$ be a positive integer and let $p$ be a prime. In my 2011 PAMS paper joint with my former student W. Zhang [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 139(2011), 1569-1577], we studied when $$S(k)=\left\{\binom nk:...
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Is there a proof of quadratic reciprocity using $p$-adic numbers?
I asked same question on MSE before, but I didn't get any answer yet.
I know that the quadratic reciprocity can be regarded as a special case of Artin reciprocity (class field theory), and we can ...
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Ring of Witt vectors and p-adics
This is probably an easy question, but I'm not able to figure it out.
Are the following the same:
Field of fractions of the ring of Witt vectors over the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_p$
...
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lowest degree of polynomial that removes the first digit of an integer in base p
Let $p$ be an odd prime and $n \geq 2$.
(1) Does there exist an integer-coefficient polynomial $f$ such that $f(x) = x - (x \bmod p)$ for all $x \in \mathbb{Z}/p^n \mathbb{Z}$? The polynomial ...
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Mori: p-adic and real hemispheres of the mathematical universe?
I recall having read, some time ago, a beautiful and poetic opening of an article (or was it a book?). From memory, it was by Shigefumi Mori, and talked about the (mathematical) universe consisting of ...
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2-adic Logarithm and Resistance of n-dimensional Cube
Resistance across opposite vertices of n-dimensional cube with each edge at one ohm resistance is
$$R_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac1{(n-k){n\choose k}}=\frac1n\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac1{{n-1\choose k}}.$$
The ...
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Is there a theory of completions of semirings similar to $I$-adic completions of rings?
Let $L = \text{Con } (\mathbb{N}, 0, +) \setminus \Delta$ be the lattice of monoid congruences on the naturals, excluding the trivial congruence. As it happens, every $\theta \in L$ is the meet of ...
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Nick Katz observation: "the rationality of the zeta function!"
In the proceedings "Algebraic Geometry - Arcata 1974" edited by R. Hartshorne there is an article by Nick Katz called "$p$-adic $L$-functions via moduli of elliptic curves". He starts by recalling $p$-...
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Torelli-like theorem for K3 surfaces on terms of its étale cohomology
Is there a proof of a Torelli-like Theorem for a K3-surface over any field (non complex) in terms of its etale or crystalline cohomology?
For example: If $K\ne \mathbb{C} $ and $X\rightarrow \...
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What's the number of solutions of the quadratic equation $x_1^2+\dots+x_m^2=0$ over finite ring $\mathbb{Z}/p^n$?
I want to calculate the number of solutions to the quadratic equation $$x_1^2+\dots+x_m^2=0$$ where $m$ is odd (a given number) and $x_i\in\mathbb{Z}/p^n$ for a given prime number $p$ and a given ...
user178596
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p-adic analogue of octonions
There are the complex p-adic numbers.
But what is the p-adic analogue of the Cayley–Dickson construction?
Or more important: What is the p-adic analogue of the octonions?
It would be nice if the (unit)...
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Some variants of Artin's primitive root conjecture
Artin's primitive root conjecture asserts that if an integer $a \ne -1$ is not a perfect square then $a$ is a primitive root mod $p$ for infinitely many primes $p$. This conjecture is still open.
An ...
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Elementary aspects of The Fargues-Fontaine curve
To any pair $(E,F)$, where $E$ is a local field and $F$ is a perfectoid field, one can associate a curve $X^{\text{FF}}_{E,F}$, the so-called Fargues-Fontaine curve, which is unique up to Frobenius ...
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Faster computation of p-adic log
As I see it, $p$-adic integers work very similar to formal power series over $x$ (e g. with regards to Hensel lifting).
When it comes to computing $\log P(x)$, one may use the formula
$$
(\log P)' = \...
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On $p$-adic arithmetic softwares
I would like to automate a huge amount of computation that involves basic arithmetic operations with $p$-adic numbers. I have found a Mathematica package for it, but it is old and acts quite ...
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Tube of a mod p point on a smooth Z_(p)-scheme
Let $R$ be a smooth, integral, finite-type $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$-algebra of relative dimension $n$ and $\overline{f} \colon R \to \mathbb{F}_p$. Then Hensel's lemma tells us that this lifts to a map $R \...
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Uniformizer for splitting field of p^{1/p^n} over p-adics
Does anyone know an explicit uniformizer for $\mathbf{Q}_p(\zeta_{p^n}, p^{\frac{1}{p^n}}) / \mathbf{Q}_p$? I was reading the question "adding an n-th root to Q_p" where dke mentions this question but ...
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Transcendence of the $p$-adic number $\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$
Let $p$ a prime number and $a\in\overline{\mathbb Q}\subset\mathbb C_p$ be an algebraic $p$-adic number such that $|a|_p<1$.
Is the number $s_a=\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$ transcendental over $\mathbb ...
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Differences in tree picture of ${\bf Q}_p$, $\overline{{\bf Q}_p}$, ${\bf C}_p$, $\Omega_p$
I was discussing the tree picture of ${\bf Z}_p$ and ${\bf Q}_p$ and mentioned that the idea can be extended to ${\bf C}_p$, with the caveat that the tree is no longer locally finite (as the value ...
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p-adic versions of log concavity for graphs (or matroids)
It was recently shown using techniques inspired by algebraic geometry (by Huh and Adiprasito-Huh-Katz) that the chromatic polynomial of a graph (or matroid) has coefficients that satisfy log-concavity....
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Can the p-adic be countable?
Recently arxiv submitted a new paper (Andrej Bauer, James E. Hanson, The Countable Reals) claiming an incredible theorem that Dedekind reals are not sequence-avoiding, and furthermore obtaining a ...
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Scholze and Weinstein's $\operatorname{Spa}\mathbf{Z}_p\times \operatorname{Spa}\mathbf{Z}_p$
In their Berkeley Lectures, to motivate the introduction of Diamonds, Scholze and Weinstein discuss what should be the definition of $\operatorname{Spa}\mathbf{Z}_p\times \operatorname{Spa}\mathbf{Z}...
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Relation between valuation of p-adic regulator of totally real field and its finite p-unramified abelian extensions
For each prime number $p$ and number field $k$, there exists at least one extension $k_{\infty}/k$ with Galois group isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_p$, the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension. If $k_p/k$ ...
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Lemma in Scholze-Weinstein
In the paper "Moduli of $p$-divisible groups" by Scholze and Weinstein (see http://math.bu.edu/people/jsweinst/Moduli/Moduli.pdf), one finds the following claim in Lemma 5.2.7:
Lemma: Let $K$ be a ...
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A family of Diophantine equations with no integer solutions but solutions modulo every integer
Selmer's curve is the equation $3x^3 +4y^3 +5z^3=0$. This equation is famous for having non-trivial solutions in every completion of $\mathbb{Q}$ but only having the trivial solution in the rationals. ...
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Non-existence of "higher" Artin map
So rank $1$ local Langlands is special in as that it is given by the Artin map
$$\text{GL}_1(K)\to G_K^{ab},$$
whereas in the higher rank (to the best of my knowledge) there doesn't exist a map
$$\...
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Convergence of a $p$-adic series
Let $K$ be a local field of characteristic $0$ with valuation $v$. I think
$$\lim_{\substack{q\in K\\q\to1}}\sum_{n\ge0}\prod_{j=1}^n\frac{q^j-1}{q-1}$$ converges to $\sum_{n\ge0}n!\in K$ but I did ...
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convergence in $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}$, modulo prime power
The following problem appears in Lenstra's Galois Theory for Schemes (p 14, Ex 1.16).
Let $b\in\mathbb Z_{\ge0}$. Define the sequence $(a_n)_{n=0}^\infty$
by $a_0=b, a_{n+1}=2^{a_n}$. Prove that $...
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$(\varphi, \Gamma)$-modules of finite height
Maybe the answer to my question is obvious.
Let $p$ be a prime $\geq 3$. Let $D$ be an étale $(\varphi, \Gamma)$-module over $A_{\mathbb{Q}_p} = \{ \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} a_n X^n \, \vert \, a_n \in ...
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Topological generators for $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbf{Z}_p)$
$\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$ Let $p>3$ and $G$ be an open subgroup of the special linear group $\SL_2(\mathbf{Z}_p)$ over the ring $\mathbf{Z}_p$ of $p$-adic integers. Suppose that $G$ is ...
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Algebraic $p$-adic integers mod $p$
In studying the papers of Abbes and Saito on ramification theory in the imperfect residue field case, I come to the following questions. Let $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p\supset\mathbb{Q}{}^{t}_p\supset \...
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Change of variables for $p$-adic integral
Say $p$ is an odd prime. Suppose I have a measure $\mu$ on $\mathbf{Z}_p$. As in II.4.3 in Colmez - Fonctions d'une variable $p$-adique, I can restrict $\mu$ to $1+p\mathbf Z_p$, and there is a ...
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Coverings/Cech cohomology of totally disconnected spaces
For any topological space $X$ we have a natural functor
$\text{Cov}_X \rightarrow \text{Fun}(\pi_1(X),\text{Set})$
from the category of coverings of $X$ to the category of functors $\pi_1(X) \...
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Definable measure preserving isomorphisms of $p$-adic semialgebraic sets
Hi,
Consider a $p$-adic field $K$ (finite extension $\DeclareMathOperator{\bQ}{\mathbb{Q}}$of $\bQ_p$) in Macintyre language $\DeclareMathOperator{\cL}{\mathcal{L}}$ $\cL_{\rm Mac}$. Let $Z$ be a ...