Questions tagged [ds.dynamical-systems]
Dynamics of flows and maps (continuous and discrete time), including infinite-dimensional dynamics, Hamiltonian dynamics, ergodic theory.
2,482 questions
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How fast will it converge to equilibrium？
$\alpha \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Q}$, given $\varepsilon>0 \quad \lambda>0$.
given $n_{1}, \cdots, n_{k} \in N^{*}$ satisfied $(1-\varepsilon) \lambda<n_{1}<\cdots<n_{k}<(1+...
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Illuminating a just-barely irrational polygon
As has been discussed earlier on MO,1,2
recently an impressive advance was proved concerning
internally illuminating a mirrored polygon.
Here is the result:
Let $P$ be a rational polygon.
Then for ...
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Ergodicity of the action of $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb R)$ on $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb R)/\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb Z)$
$\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$Let $G\mathrel{:=}\SL(n,\mathbb R)$ and $\Gamma\mathrel{:=}\SL(n,\mathbb Z)$. Consider the action of $G$ on $(G/\Gamma,\mu)$ by left translation, where $\mu$ is the Borel ...
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Diophantine approximation and the Euclidean algorithm
My question is whether something I've noticed is well-known. It seems like it must be, but I've been unable to find any references that describe what is outlined below.
Given real $x$ and irrational $...
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Gronwall-type bound for a mix-effect inequality?
This popped up in my research: we have the following mix-effect inequality that $\forall T \geq 1$
\begin{equation}\tag{*}
Y(T) - \frac{1}{100T^2}\int_1^T[\alpha^2 + e^{-(T - t)}]Y(t)dt
\lesssim \...
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Long-term behavior of asynchronous, stochastic, numerical solution to a dynamical system
I am simulating the behavior of a dynamical system, say $$\dot{x} = f(Ax; \lambda), $$
with an Euler update, where $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$ and $\lambda$ are some parameters. In my scenario, $A\in \mathbb{...
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Nonlinear system of integral equations
I have encountered a system of nonlinear integral equations in my work. They take the form
$$\int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{g(y)}e^{f(x)/g(y)}(x+f(x)/g(y)-f(x))dy=0$$
$$\int_{0}^{1}\frac{f(x)}{g(y)^2} e^{f(x)/...
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Examples of minimal almost 1-to-1 extension of torus having positive entropy?
It is well known that Toeplitz subshifts are minimal almost 1-to-1 extensions of an odometer, and that some of these subshifts have positive entropy. Thus, even if a system is an almost 1-to-1 ...
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How do we approximate the pressure in the Boussinesq equations of hydrodynamics? [closed]
How do we approximate the pressure or the gradient of it in the Boussinesq equations of hydrodynamics ?
Is the pressure limited or can it be any amount?
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Is composition of discrete Hamiltonian flows integrable?
Consider $\Bbb{R}^2$ with the usual symplectic form $$\omega = dx \wedge dy$$
For a function $H \colon \Bbb{R}^2 \to \Bbb{R}$, let $X_H$ be the Hamiltonian vector field. Then the map $\Bbb{R}^2 \to \...
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Is there a term for a linear operator on an $L^p$ space that "locally respects boundedness"?
Let $X$ be a Polish space, and $\mu$ a locally finite measure. Take any $p \in \{0\} \cup [1,\infty)$. We will say that a linear operator $T \colon L^p(\mu) \to L^p(\mu)$ has property $(\ast)$ if ...
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A general proof for the first digit problem
Consider two sequences {$a_n$} and {$b_n$}. The former is defined as {$2^n: n = 0 \text{ to } \infty$} and the latter as { first digit (from the left) of each element in the first sequence}. The first ...
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Uniform convergence for pointwise ergodic theorem
Let $K$ be a compact set of $\mathbb{R}^n$ $(n\geq 1)$ and $v\in\mathcal{C}^1(K,\mathbb{R}^n)$ be a speed field on $K$ such that for any initial condition $x_0\in K$, the following dynamical system
\...
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Do these rational sequences always reach an integer?
This post comes from the suggestion of Joel Moreira in a comment on An alternative to continued fraction and applications (itself inspired by the Numberphile video 2.920050977316 and Fridman, ...
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The diversity of Riemannian metrics adapted to a given foliation، A Krein Millman view point(2)
Inspired by this answer to the linked question we add a more bounded conditions to this post. This question is asked seperately because the previous one had a complete answer so we did not revise ...
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What kinds of gradient-flows on $\mathbb R^d$ preserve the log-concavity of the distribution $\mu_0$ of starting point $x_0$
Let $\mu_0$ be a log-concave distribution on $\mathbb R^d$ and let $f:\mathbb R^d \to \mathbb R$ be $C^2$. Let $x_0$ be sampled uniformly at random from a log-concave distribution $\mu_0$, meaning ...
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The diversity of Riemannian metrics adapted to a given (1 dimensional) foliation, A Krein Millman view point
Let $X$ be a Kronecker vector field on the two dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^2$. Let $K$ be the space of all 1- forms $\alpha$ of class $C^1$ on $\mathbb{T}^2$ which satisfy $d\alpha=0,\;\alpha(X)=1$...
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Complex $2$ manifold $M$ with a given real 2 dimensional submanifold which meets all complex limit cycles of foliations of $M$
Is there a $2$ dimensional holomorphic manifold $M$ with a closed $2$ dimensional real submanifold $A$ of $M$ such that for every singular holomorphic foliation of $M$, all leaf with non trivial ...
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Generalizations of the Wiener Tauberian Theorem to Musielak-Orlicz spaces
Musielak-Orlicz spaces provide a generalization of the usual $L^p$ spaces on $(\mathbb{R},\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}))$ to spaces of functions for which the Luxemburg norm
$$
\|f\|_M:=\inf\left\{\lambda &...
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Discrepancy estimate for $3$-interval exchange or $n$-interval exchange map, $n\geq 3$
We know that 2-interval exchange on $\mathbb{T}$($\mathbb{T}$ is identified with $[0,1]$ for convenient in the follow context) is just a rotation on $\mathbb{T}$, and there is a process called ...
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Is a set over which dynamics are topologically conjugate to a shift map on two symbols always repelling?
Consider the one-sided full shift map $\sigma$ and the associated shift space of infinite sequences in two letters $\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}$ on which the shift map acts, equipped with the usual metric. ...
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Why does bounded distortion imply the following inequality?
Let $f: I \to I$ be a one-dimensional differentiable function of bounded distortion with distortion constant $M$, where $I$ is a compact interval in $\mathbb{R}$. That is, $I$ can be partitioned such ...
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Proof of property for Fiedland entropy
I am working with Friedland entropy and there is a proof I cannot figure out how to do.
Friedland entropy is defined for $\mathbb{Z}^k$ continuos actions $\mathcal{T}$ on a topological metric space $X$...
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How much algebra is preferable for studying/doing research in dynamical/complex systems and networks
I asked this question earlier on Mathematics StackExchange (link), but I think it might be better to put it here.
This question seems quite broad to ask...
The situation here is that I'm a second-...
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Showing that the inverse of a function is approximately equivalent to $\frac{1}{n^{1/\alpha}}$
I'm currently working with someone on my PhD, and last week they asked me to check that a certain approximation holds as an exercise. Unfortunately, I couldn't figure out how to do it, and we've since ...
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A quantity associated to a foliated manifold and its non-commutative interpretation
Let $M$ be a compact $n$-dimensional manifold. Assume that $F$ is a $k$-dimensional foliation of $M$.
The graph $G(M,F)$ of this foliation is a $(n+k)$-dimensional manifold. We recall its definition:
...
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638
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The critical exponent function
It is a known fact [1] that, for every $c\in (1,\infty]$, it is possible to find a finite alphabet $\mathcal{A}$ and a word $w\in \mathcal{A}^\omega$ such that $w$ has critical exponent $c$. It looks ...
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Minimal components of the translation action on the Stone–Čech compactification
$\newcommand\Cb{C^\text b}$Let $\Cb(\mathbb R)$ be the C*-algebra formed by all bounded, continuous, complex valued functions on $\mathbb R$.
Consider the action $\tau $ of $\mathbb R$ on $\Cb(\...
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Is Birkhoff's ergodic theorem true for $L_\infty$?
Is Birkhoff's pointwise/individual ergodic theorem for $L_\infty.$ Clearly, it is true if the measure space is finite? What about the measure space not finite?
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Can the methods of algebra characterize nonlinear PDE blow-ups?
Consider 2 simple differential equations: $x'(t)=x(t)^2, x(0)=1$ and $x'(t)=-x(t)^2, x(0)=1$.
As $t$ goes from $0$ to $\infty$, the first equation ($x(t)=1/(1-t)$) will lead to a finite-time blow-up, ...
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Limit set for IFS has either empty interior or dense interior
Let $f_1,\ldots,f_k:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R^n$ be contracting affine maps. By the theory of iterated function systems, there is a unique minimal compact $K\subseteq\mathbb R^n$ such that $K=f_1(K)\cup\...
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Oscillator with discrete number of amplitudes?
I know the question is a little vague, but I would like to know if someone can direct me to what kind of oscillator (if exist), that can follow the next behavior.
I manually create the gif to try to ...
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The entropy of a partition of unity
A partition of unity can be thought of as a blurred out set partition: identify the fibers of the set partition with their indicator functions; the sum of these indicators is $1$. I would like to ...
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Lyapunov spectrum($h_{\mathrm{top}}(K(\alpha))$) achieves a positive value somewhere
$\DeclareMathOperator{\top}{\mathrm{top}}$Let $(\Sigma, T)$ be a topologically mixing subshift of finite type and $f:\Sigma \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Hölder continuous map.
Let
$$K(\alpha)=\Big\{x\in \...
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Can the identity function be approximated by compositions of a "uniformly monotone-and-convex" set of functions?
Does there exist a set $F$ of monotone continuous functions $f \colon [0,1] \to [0,1]$ with the following properties?
For each $f \in F$ there exists $x \in [0,1]$ such that $f(x)=1$.
There exist $0&...
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How does a Lyapunov vector evolve along a trajectory?
First I introduce the Lyapunov vectors. Here I follow the notations of a previous answer I got on MO.
We have a dynamic system with discrete time $t$ (integer values). The
time evolution is defined by ...
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Surreal numbers and the Collatz iteration as a game?
Let us define a game based on the Collatz function $C(n) = n/2$ if $n$ is even, otherwise $=3n+1$.
Each number $n$ represents a game played by left $L$ and right $R$:
$$n = \{L_n | R_n \}$$
The rules ...
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All rational periodic points
I am trying to find all rational periodic points of a polynomial. To specify: a periodic point is the point that satisfy $f^n(x)=x$. It is related to dynamical systems in fact. So the current codes ...
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What quantities are conserved under a general gradient-flow $\dot X(t) = -\nabla L(X(t))$?
Let $L:\mathbb R^N \to \mathbb R$ be a continuously differential function with gradient $x \mapsto \nabla L(x)$ and consider induced gradient-flow
$$
\dot X(t) = -\nabla L(X(t)).
$$
Question. Is ...
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Does there exist a natural number $m$ such that $\sigma^{(k)}((2m+1)^2)$ is an odd square number for all $k\ge 0$?
This question, comes out of a question in MSE and I hope it is ok to ask it here:
Does there exist a natural number $m$ such that $\sigma^{(k)}((2m+1)^2)$ is an odd square number for all $k\ge 0$?
...
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2D quadrant sandpile: emergent highway structure
Consider the top-right quadrant of the plane divided into unit cells, each cell containing some number of chips. A cell containing at least two chips can fire two chips, one to the cell above it and ...
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Lyapunov vectors along a trajectory
I have the equation:
$$
\dot{x}_i = F_i(x)
\tag{1}
$$
with $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$. To deal with the Lyapunov exponents, we write the equation for small displacements $\delta x_i$:
$$
\dot{\delta x}_i = \...
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Can non wandering sets be connected?
I know that the alpha and omega limit sets of a flow on a compact connected invariant subset of a manifold must be connected and these limit sets are contained in the non wandering set.
My question is ...
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Generating functions of Collatz iterates?
Let $C(n) = n/2$ if $n$ is even and $3n+1$ otherwise be the Collatz function.
We look at the generating function $f_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty C^{(k)}(n)x^k$ of the iterates of the Collatz function.
The ...
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Inclusion of infinite intersection
Let $E$ be a Banach space, $T:E\rightarrow E$ a continuous bounded nonlinear mapping., and $\{x_n\}_{n\in\mathbb N}$ such that $$x_{n+1}=T(x_n),\:\forall n\in \mathbb{N}:=\{0,1,\cdots\}.$$
Let $$X_n=\...
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Starting vector in Lyapunov exponents evaluation
Let us consider the equation:
$$
\dot{x}_i = F_i(x)
$$
with $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$ and $i=1\dots n$, and the equation for small displacements:
$$
\dot{\delta x} = \sum_j \frac{\partial}{\partial x_j} F_i(...
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Distribution of the values of the product $\prod_{k=1}^n |1-e(k\alpha)|$ for an irrational number $\alpha$
For an irrational number $\alpha$, let $e(k\alpha):=\exp(2k\pi i\alpha)$. It was indicated in this thread that
$$\limsup_{n \to \infty} \prod_{k=1}^n |1-e(k\alpha)|=\infty$$
(actually a weaker result ...
- 1,565
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Vandermonde shift
I'm looking for any known results on a shift operator commutated by a Vandermonde matrix. That is, let
$$T=\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & \...
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Uniform stability of linear operators - reference request
Let $T$ be a bounded linear operator on a complex Banach space $X$. I am looking for a reference for the following result:
Theorem 1. Let $p \in [1,\infty]$. The following assertions are equivalent:
(...
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Can an "almost injective'' function exist between compact connected metric spaces?
Let $\pi: X\to Y$ be a surjective continuous function between the compact, metric and connected spaces $X$, $Y$, and $Y_0 = \{y\in Y: \#\pi^{-1}(y)>1\}$. Suppose that:
$Y_0$ is dense in $Y$,
$Y\...
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