All Questions
118 questions
4
votes
1
answer
597
views
Meaning of Alberti rank-one theorem
Heuristically what does Alberti's rank-one theorem imply about the structure of a $\mathrm{BV}$ vector field $\boldsymbol{b}$?
Is it rigorously fair to say that the level lines of $\boldsymbol{b}$ ...
user123457
27
votes
2
answers
8k
views
Compact embeddings of Sobolev spaces: a counterexample showing the Rellich-Kondrachov theorem is sharp
Let $U$ be an open bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $C^{1}$ boundary. Let $1 \leq p < n$ and $p^{\ast} = pn/(n-p)$. Then the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(U)$ is contained $L^{p^{\ast}}(U)$ and ...
- 309
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Density of smooth functions on Hölder spaces
The following result is often cited without reference in the context of PDEs:
Let $\varOmega \subset\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded open set with smooth boundary. If $0<\beta<\alpha<1$ then $C^\...
- 727
8
votes
1
answer
380
views
Lavrentiev phenomenon between $C^1$ and Lipschitz
Does there exist a (onedimensional) integral functional of calculus of variations (with $f$ finite everywhere)
$$
F(y)=\int_a^b f(t,y(t),y'(t))\,dt
$$
such that
$$
\inf_{y\in Lip([a,b])}F(y)<\inf_{...
- 1,309
6
votes
1
answer
474
views
Proof that $L^2(0,T;X)^* = L^2(0,T;X^*)$
How is the proof that
$$[L^2(0,T;X)]' = L^2(0,T;X')$$
looking like, where $X$ is a Hilbert space? I am asking for the proof that the dual space of $L^2(0,T;X)$ is the space $L^2(0,T;X^*)$.
Is the ...
- 83
6
votes
1
answer
697
views
Reference request: optimal $L^p$ regularity for solutions to $-\Delta u=f$ with $f\in L^1(R^d)$
The tilte says it all. Given $f\in L^1(R^d)$ (let me restrict to dimension $d\geq 3$ for convenience), what is the optimal $L^p$ regularity for solutions to
$$
-\Delta u=f\hspace{3cm}(1)?
$$
I'm of ...
- 5,380
5
votes
1
answer
395
views
Universal decay rate of the Fisher information along the heat flow
I'm looking for a reference for the following fact: In the torus $\mathbb T^d$ let me denote by $u_t=u(t,x)$ the (unique, distributional) solution of the heat equation
$$
\partial_t u=\Delta u
$$
...
- 5,380
37
votes
4
answers
4k
views
Which differential equations allow for a variational formulation?
Many ODE's and PDE's arising in nature have a variational formulation. An example of what I mean is the following. Classical motions are solutions $q(t)$ to Lagrange's equation
$$
\frac{d}{dt}\frac{\...
- 7,583
18
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Poincare lemma for non-smooth differentiable forms
The Poincare lemma is almost always formulated for differential forms with smooth coefficients (or sometimes for currents that have distributional coefficients). I would like to have it for $C^k$-...
- 16.4k
12
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Reference request: Simple facts about vector-valued Sobolev space
Let $V,H$ be separable Hilbert spaces such that there are dense injections $V \hookrightarrow H \hookrightarrow V^*$. (For example, $H = L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $V = H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $V^* = H^{-1}(\...
- 29.8k
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Traces of Sobolev spaces
Is there a simple proof of the following fact?
Theorem. Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded and smooth domain. If $n>2$, then $W^{1,n-1}(\partial\Omega)\subset
W^{1-\frac{1}{n},n}(\...
- 28k
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Rate of convergence of smooth mollifiers
How does one figure out/prove the rate of convergence (in some norm) of mollifiers given a function bounded in some other norm (say Sobolev space, Besov space)? Also, is there a dimensional analysis ...
- 2,243
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Uniform bound on the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian
Is it possibly to have $L_\infty$ bounds on the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian operator on bounded regular domains with Dirichlet condition? I found several papers by Sogge but these are pretty ...
- 73
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Vector Fields in a Riemannian Manifold
Suppose $(M,g)$ is a Riemannian manifold.
Is there a way to classify manifolds where there exists a vector field that commutes with the laplace beltrami operator?
Thanks
- 4,143
5
votes
2
answers
459
views
Backward heat equation and forward perturbed heat equation well posed?
I consider the following scenario. Let $I$ be a compact interval in space and $f$ a nice function in the space $C^{\infty}(I)$. In the following we consider a self-adjoint realization of our operators ...
- 536
4
votes
0
answers
220
views
improved regularization for $\lambda$-convex gradient flows
It is well-known that gradient-flows of convex functionals are "parabolic" in some vague sense, and accordingly solutions tend to regularize instataneously. In the abstract context of gradient flows ...
- 5,380
4
votes
1
answer
213
views
Mapping properties of backward and forward heat equation
In a previous question on mathoverflow, I asked about the following:
Let $\Delta$ be the Laplacian on some compact interval $I$ of the real line with let's say Dirichlet boundary conditions.
The ...
- 536
3
votes
2
answers
210
views
Bounding integral expression with total variation of integrand
Consider the following integral expression:
$$\mathcal I :=\iint_{\epsilon \leq|x-y| \leq 1/2} f(x) f(y) \frac{(g(x)-g(y))(x-y)}{|x-y|^{3}} d x d y $$
for $\epsilon>0$, $f \in L^\infty(\mathbb R)$,...
user139844
3
votes
1
answer
182
views
Tensor product of a slowly increasing smooth function and a tempered distribution converging to a co-located product
Let $T$ be a tempered distribution on $\mathbb{R}$ and $g$ be a smooth function on $\mathbb{R}$ whose derivatives of all orders are all polynomially bounded (a.k.a. slowly increasing).
For any pair of ...
- 3,477
3
votes
1
answer
328
views
Typical elements of the space $\mathring {L^k_p}(\Omega)$
In the book Sobolev Spaces with Application of Maz'ya, $\mathring {L^k_p}(\Omega)$ is defined to be the completion of $\mathcal D(\Bbb R^n)$ under the norm $||\nabla^ku||_{L_p(\Omega)}$.
For nice ...
- 1,245
3
votes
1
answer
6k
views
About eigen-functions of the Gaussian kernel
If I look at the Guassian kernel function $e^{- \frac {\vert x - y\vert_2^2 }{2 w^2 } }$ for $x, y \in \mathbb{R}$. Then w.r.t the Gaussian measure $N(\mu,\sigma)$ I believe it is true that this has a ...
- 2,246
2
votes
1
answer
755
views
Existence of a solution to an infinite dimensional Stratonovich SDE
Let
$U,H$ be separable $\mathbb R$-Hilbert spaces
$Q\in\mathfrak L(U)$ be nonnegative and self-adjoint with finite trace
$U_0:=Q^{1/2}U$
$(\Omega,\mathcal A,(\mathcal F_t)_{t\ge 0},\operatorname P)$ ...
- 167
2
votes
1
answer
997
views
Derivative and Jacobian determinant of solution of ODE [closed]
Let $\Phi$ be the unique solution of
$$\begin{cases}
\frac{d}{dt}\Phi(x,t) = f(\Phi(x,t),t) \quad t >0 \\
\Phi(x,0) = x \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^N
\end{cases}$$
where we have assumed $f$ smooth.
...
user124345
2
votes
0
answers
117
views
Bounding integral expression with BV norm of integrand
Consider the following integral expression:
$$\mathcal I :=\iint_{\epsilon \leq|x-y| \leq 1/2} f(x) f(y) \frac{\langle g(x)-g(y), x-y\rangle}{|x-y|^{n+2}} d x d y $$
for $\epsilon>0$, $f \in L^\...
user139844
1
vote
0
answers
75
views
Derivation of the vortex filament equation from Euler equation
How can the vortex filament equation
$$\partial_t \chi = \partial_s \chi \wedge \partial_{ss} \chi,$$
where $\chi(t,s)$ is a curve in $\mathbb R^3$,
be derived from the Euler equation
$$\partial_t \...
- 277
1
vote
1
answer
247
views
Elliptic interface problem without conditions on the interface
Consider an open domain $U$ split in two non-overlapping subdomains: $U = U_1 \cup U_2$.
For a model case, consider a ball split in a smaller ball and an anulus.
Consider the following elliptic ...
user60665
1
vote
1
answer
654
views
Properties of the trace term in the Itō formula
Let's consider the SDE $${\rm d}X_t=u_t(X_t){\rm d}t+\xi_t(X_t){\rm d}W_t\;\;\;\text{for all }t\ge 0\tag 1$$ where
$U,H$ are separable $\mathbb R$-Hilbert spaces
$Q\in\mathfrak L(U)$ is nonnegative ...
- 167
1
vote
2
answers
535
views
Non-closed range space of Laplace operators?
Set $ -\Delta: H^2(\mathbb{R}^3) \subseteq L^2(\mathbb{R}^3) \to L^2(\mathbb{R}^3) $. Then $ \mathcal{R}(-\Delta) $ is non-closed?
Sorry if this question is trivial. I am not familiar with theory of ...
- 269
59
votes
9
answers
10k
views
Motivation for and history of pseudo-differential operators
Suppose you start from partial differential equations and functional analysis (on $\mathbb R^n$ and on real manifolds). Which prominent example problems lead you to work with pseudo-differential ...
- 5,327
22
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Image of the trace operator
It is well-known that we have the trace theorem for Sobolev spaces. Let $\Omega$ be an open domain with smooth boundary, we know that the map
$$ T: C^1(\bar\Omega) \to C^1(\partial\Omega) \subset L^...
- 39.1k
14
votes
0
answers
633
views
Classes of (non-continuous) functions with the fixed point property
Let $K$ be a convex body in $ R^d$. (Say, a ball, say a cube...) For which classes $ \cal C$ of functions, every function $ f \in {\cal C}$ which takes $K$ into itself admits a fixed point in $K$.
...
- 24.7k
14
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Is every continuous microlocal operator a pseudo-differential operator?
Let $\mathcal S'=\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)$ be the Schwartz distribution space.
Suppose $A\colon\mathcal S'\to\mathcal S'$ is linear, continuous and microlocal.
By being microlocal I mean that the wave ...
- 8,086
12
votes
1
answer
735
views
Parametrisations for null temperature functions: nonuniqueness of solutions to the heat equation
Disclaimer. I expect this is a highly open problem, but maybe I'm wrong and someone has come up with some answers besides those given here. In any case, all information appreciated, thanks!
Definition....
- 1,990
12
votes
2
answers
878
views
The ground state is signed and symmetric
Background
In Berestycki and Lions it is asserted that (on page 316), if I am not misreading, that the "ground state", i.e. action minimizer among nontrivial solutions, corresponding to the action
$$...
- 39.1k
12
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Reference on Minty's trick
I am searching for a precise reference for the following result:
Consider $f:\mathbb{R}_+\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+$ a nondecreasing function.
Assume that a sequence of nonnegative functions $(u_n)_n$ ...
- 3,425
11
votes
2
answers
712
views
Poincaré lemma for distributions
Let us consider a current on $\mathbb R^n$, that is a differential form whose coefficients are distributions. For simplicity, let us check the case of a $1$-form
$$
u=\sum_{1\le j\le n} u_j dx_j,\quad ...
- 16.2k
11
votes
1
answer
668
views
Is every continuous endomorphism of the Schwartz space a pseudo-differential operator?
Let $\mathcal{S}:= \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the Schwartz space of smooth functions with rapid decay. The question is pretty simply stated in the title. Pseudo-differential act continuously on the ...
- 7,789
10
votes
0
answers
422
views
Upper bound Hölder norm of the solution to the non-linear PDE $\partial_t u (t, x) = \Delta_x \{ |\sigma (u (t, x))|^2 u(t, x) \}$
We fix $T>0$ and let $\mathbb T := [0, T]$. Let $\sigma : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ belong to the Hölder space $C^{1, \alpha}_b (\mathbb R)$ for some $\alpha \in (0, 1)$. Let $u : \mathbb T \times \...
- 825
9
votes
2
answers
775
views
Heat flow, decay of the Fisher information, and $\lambda$-displacement convexity
In the whole post I will work in the flat torus $\mathbb T^d=\mathbb R^d/\mathbb Z^d$ and $\rho$ will stand for any probability measure $\mathcal P(\mathbb T^d)$. This question is strongly related to ...
- 5,380
9
votes
2
answers
553
views
Asymptotic behavior of Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues
I have two questions.
Consider the operator $Av = -v'' + a(x)v$ on $I = (0, L)$, with zero Dirichlet condition and $a \in C([0, L])$.
Let $(\lambda_n)$ denote the sequence of eigenvalues of $A$....
- 369
9
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Real analyticity of solution of heat equation
Consider the heat equation $\partial_t u - \Delta u = 0, u(0, x) = u_0$ on a complete (non-compact) Riemannian manifold $M$, may be even $\mathbb{R}^n$. I was wondering, what are some known sufficient ...
- 1,407
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
when a pseudo-differential operators to be compact?
In the theory of Pseudo-differential operators,when a symbol $a(x,\xi)\in S^{0}$,then the operator $a(x,D)$ defined by$$a(x,D)u=\int{e^{ix\xi}a(x,\xi)\widehat{u}}d \xi$$ is $L^2$ bounded.$ $
My ...
- 1,644
8
votes
0
answers
260
views
Hyperbolic PDEs - Proof that the restriction of a locally $H^s$ solution to a spacelike hypersurface is locally in $H^s$
I have found the following claim made very clearly at least once in the published literature (see below):
Let $P$ be a linear partial differential operator defined on an open set $\Omega \subset \...
- 503
8
votes
1
answer
5k
views
integration by parts for the fractional Laplacian
Is there an integration by parts formula for fractional laplacians in $L^p(\mathbb{R}^N)$, something like
$$
s\in(0,1),\qquad\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N}f[(-\Delta)^sg] =\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^...
- 5,380
8
votes
1
answer
656
views
When is the adjoint of a hypoelliptic operator also hypoelliptic?
Suppose that $M$ is a smooth manifold with a measure $\mu$ and let $L^2(M, \mu)$ be a space of all square-integrable functions on $M$.
Recall that $L$ is a hypoelliptic differential operator if for ...
- 329
8
votes
4
answers
811
views
Schwartz space of functions with values in a Frechet space
While reading some papers about $\psi$DOs I found some spaces of vector valued functions which I am not familiar with. I am looking for references about the Schwartz space of functions with values in ...
- 601
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Method of characteristics for higher order PDEs in more than two variables
I am trying to understand the mathod of characteristics for solving partial differential equations. However, all the examples I found over the internet are for first order PDEs or for second order ...
- 8,998
7
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Arzelà-Ascoli theorem and Hölder spaces
Let $B\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a open ball. Let $\{f_i\}$ be a sequence of functions bounded in the Hölder norm $C^{k,\alpha}(B)$ for a given integer $k\geq 0$ and $\alpha\in (0,1)$.
Does there exist ...
- 21.8k
7
votes
2
answers
920
views
Exotic spectrum of Laplace operator
Given a closed Riemannian manifold and a generalized Laplace $\Delta$ operator,
it is well known that $\Delta$ has discrete spectrum $(\lambda_n)_n$ (arranged in a increasing way, not counting ...
- 101
7
votes
2
answers
682
views
Hölder continuity for operators
Let $x,y$ be positive real numbers then
$$|\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}|=\dfrac{|x-y|}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}=\sqrt{|x-y|}\cdot \dfrac{\sqrt{|x-y|}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\leq 1\cdot |x-y|^{\frac{1}{2}}$$
we obtain $1/...
user127612