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633 views

Classes of (non-continuous) functions with the fixed point property

Let $K$ be a convex body in $ R^d$. (Say, a ball, say a cube...) For which classes $ \cal C$ of functions, every function $ f \in {\cal C}$ which takes $K$ into itself admits a fixed point in $K$. ...
Gil Kalai's user avatar
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12 votes
0 answers
476 views

Are Sobolev trace spaces equal from both sides of the boundary?

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded open set and $\Omega'$ the complement of its closure. Assume $\partial\Omega=\partial\Omega'$. Are the quotient spaces $W^{1,p}(\Omega)/W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$ ...
Joonas Ilmavirta's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
518 views

Inverse function theorem for $W^{2,n}\cap W^{1,\infty}$ functions

Let $n\ge 2$, $f:B_1\subset \mathbb R^n\rightarrow \mathbb R^n$, $f\in W^{2,n}\cap W^{1,\infty}(B_1)$, $\text{det}(Df)>c>0$, where $B_1$ is the unit ball. Can we show that $f$ is a homeomorphism ...
Tian LAN's user avatar
  • 435
10 votes
0 answers
422 views

Upper bound Hölder norm of the solution to the non-linear PDE $\partial_t u (t, x) = \Delta_x \{ |\sigma (u (t, x))|^2 u(t, x) \}$

We fix $T>0$ and let $\mathbb T := [0, T]$. Let $\sigma : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ belong to the Hölder space $C^{1, \alpha}_b (\mathbb R)$ for some $\alpha \in (0, 1)$. Let $u : \mathbb T \times \...
Akira's user avatar
  • 825
10 votes
1 answer
2k views

Chain rule for distributional derivative

Let $V \subset H \subset V^*$ be a Gelfand triple (eg. $H^1 \subset L^2 \subset H^{-1}$). Let $u \in L^2(0,T;V)$ have a distributional derivative $u' \in L^2(0,T;V^*)$. So $\int_0^T u(t)\varphi'(t) = ...
mathias_l's user avatar
  • 145
8 votes
0 answers
115 views

optimal regularity for the Neumann heat equation on Lipschitz domains

$\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R}$Let $\Omega\subset\R^d$ be a bounded Lipschitz domain, possibly non-convex (but not too nasty either, whatever that means). I am looking for well-posedness and optimal ...
leo monsaingeon's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
177 views

Understanding spaces of negative regularity

I apologize if this question is too basic for this site, but I posted it on mathSE and did not get any responses (link can be found here) so I'm crossposting it here. Let $C^k(\mathbb{R}^n$) be the ...
CBBAM's user avatar
  • 721
8 votes
0 answers
251 views

Smoothness of solution map for PDE

I am wondering what sort of results are available for the following sort of problem, or where to look in the literature for work dealing with such problems, especially in the degenerate elliptic ...
Quarto Bendir's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
260 views

Hyperbolic PDEs - Proof that the restriction of a locally $H^s$ solution to a spacelike hypersurface is locally in $H^s$

I have found the following claim made very clearly at least once in the published literature (see below): Let $P$ be a linear partial differential operator defined on an open set $\Omega \subset \...
Umberto Lupo's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
278 views

Pseudodifferential operators on compact manifolds with boundary

I have heard that the square root of the Dirichlet (or the Neumann) Laplacian is not a pseudodifferential operator on compact manifolds with boundary. The context in which this was said was that ...
student's user avatar
  • 81
8 votes
0 answers
349 views

Finding a dimension-free bound for a certain multiplier on Euclidean space

The following question is indirectly motivated by strong type maximal function estimates. Let $f\in L_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. For $\xi=(\xi_{1},\ldots,\xi_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ define $m(\xi)$ so ...
Steven Heilman's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
123 views

Steklov eigenvalue for circle valued functions

Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. It is well known that the first positive Steklov eigenvalue $\sigma_1$ of $M$ has the following variational characterization: $$\sigma_1(M,g)...
Eduardo Longa's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
80 views

Given composition rules, determining whether a continuous map between smooth functions is a pseudodifferential operator

Let $M$ be a closed manifold, and let $P:C^{\infty}(M)\rightarrow C^{\infty}(M)$ be a continuous linear map in the smooth Fréchet topologies. In what is to come, if it helps, one can assume further ...
MyShepherd's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
132 views

Smoothing property of a certain singular integral operator of non-convolution type

For simplicity, suppose that the dimension $d=2$, and let $g_s(x)$ be the Coulomb or Riesz potential defined by $$g_s(x) := \begin{cases} -\frac{1}{2\pi}\ln|x|, & {s=0} \\ c_s|x|^{-s},& {0<...
Matt Rosenzweig's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
351 views

Fractional Laplacian and chain rule

For the classical Laplacian, we have $$\Delta (h(u)) = h'\Delta u + h''(u)|\nabla u|^2$$ for smooth functions $h$ and $u$. Does a similar chain rule hold (up to a reminder term) also for the ...
Zac's user avatar
  • 161
7 votes
0 answers
3k views

Definition of homogeneous Sobolev spaces

As we know the inhomogeneous Sobolev space (we only consider $s>0$) $${H}^{s}\left(\mathbb{R}^{n}\right)=\left\{f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n):\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}|\xi|^{2 s}|\hat{f}(\xi)|^{2} \mathrm{d} ...
Slm2004's user avatar
  • 683
7 votes
0 answers
433 views

(geodesic) smoothness of f-divergence with respect to the Wasserstein metric

We consider the f-divergence, which takes the form $$ D_f(P \| Q) = \int_\Omega f\left(\frac{dP}{dQ}\right) dQ. $$ For example, when $f(t) = t \log t$, we obtain the KL-divergence. My question is ...
Minkov's user avatar
  • 1,127
7 votes
0 answers
619 views

Lavrentiev Phenomenon

Does there exist a (onedimensional) integral functional of calculus of variations $$ F(y)=\int_a^b f(t,y(t),y'(t))\,dt
 $$ such that not only $$ \inf_{y\in\operatorname{Lip}([a,b])}F(y)>\inf_{y\in ...
Carlo Mantegazza's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
304 views

Derivation of a stochastic Navier-Stokes equation under the assumption of perturbed particle trajectories

Let $d\in\left\{2,3\right\}$ $\mathcal V_t\subseteq\mathbb R^d$ be the bounded domain occupied by an incompressible Newtonian fluid at time $t\ge 0$ $\Phi_t:\mathcal V_0\to\mathcal V_t$ such that $\...
0xbadf00d's user avatar
  • 167
7 votes
0 answers
927 views

What's the idea behind various equivalent norms on Besov spaces $B^{s}_{p,q}$?

I am trying to understand Besov spaces; and I am eager to see why the various norms are equivalent on it. Let $\phi$ be a $C^{\infty}$ function on $\mathbb R^{n}$ with $ \operatorname{supp} \phi \...
Inquisitive's user avatar
  • 1,051
6 votes
0 answers
220 views

Energy of harmonic maps from $\mathbb R^2$ to $S^2$ is quantized

Assume that $U:\mathbb R^2\to S^2=\{y\in\mathbb R^3:|y|=1\}$ is a smooth solution of the equation $\Delta U+|\nabla U|^2U=0$ in $\mathbb R^2$ with $\int_{\mathbb R^2}|\nabla U|^2\,dx<+\infty$. ...
Feng's user avatar
  • 517
6 votes
1 answer
331 views

If $t \to \lVert f(\cdot,t) \rVert_{L^2_x}^2$ is absolutely continuous, can we interchange the spatial integral and time derivative? (from MSE)

I originally posted this question on MSE. But it seems more nontrivial than expected, so I guess MO is a more appropriate place to ask. I repeat the question for the sake of completeness: Let $f(x,t) ...
Isaac's user avatar
  • 3,477
6 votes
0 answers
201 views

Dependence of Neumann eigenvalues on the domain

I have the following problem in hands, in the context of a broader investigation: Let $V\in L^{n/2}$ compactly supported, where $n\geq 3$ is the dimension. I want to prove the following: For any $\...
Manuel Cañizares's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
187 views

Gaussian lower heat kernel bounds on non-convex bounded domain

I am looking for a proof the following theorem. Let $U \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded domain with $C^2$ boundary and $p(x,y,t)$ be the Neumann heat kernel. Then there exist a constant $C>0$ ...
mark's user avatar
  • 61
6 votes
0 answers
123 views

Can two eigenfunctions be almost linearly dependent in a region?

Consider the Schrödinger operator $H=-\Delta+|x|^a$ on $\mathbb{R}$, where $a>0$. Since the potential is growing at $\infty$, we have compact resolvent thus the eigenvalues are discrete and tend to ...
Tomas's user avatar
  • 879
6 votes
0 answers
111 views

Heat Flows and spatial singularities

While working on an abstract problem, I came up with the following question: Let $\Omega_1 := \mathrm B(-1, 1)$ and $\Omega_2 := \mathrm B(1, 1)$, where $\mathrm B(x, r) \subseteq \mathbb R^2$ denotes ...
Alexander Dobrick's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
113 views

A continuity argument for a dispersive $gKdV$ estimate

I'm learning about the gKdV equation, following Schlag & Muscalu vol II. We're looking at $$\begin{cases} u_t + u_{xxx} + F(u)_x = 0 \\ u_0 = g\end{cases}$$ where $F(u) = u^5$ (for example). The ...
David Bowman's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
88 views

Density of squares of radial eigenfunctions

The eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator on the disc can be written in polar coordinates as $f(r,\theta)=R_{nk}(r)e^{ik\theta}$, where $k\in\mathbb Z$ and $n\in\mathbb N$ and the radial function is $...
Joonas Ilmavirta's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
282 views

Spectral properties of Non-local Differential operators on real line

I am encountering non-local (and nonlinear) PDEs in my work. To compute stability, I am trying to numerically estimate the spectrum of linearized-but-nonlocal version of the said PDEs. Definition: A ...
mystupid_acct's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
214 views

Elliptic regularity and Sobolev spaces

Consider a linear partial differential operator $D:C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\to C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$, i.e. $$D=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb{N}^{d}}a^{\alpha}(x)\partial^{\alpha}_{x}$$ where $a$ are ...
G. Blaickner's user avatar
  • 1,429
5 votes
0 answers
360 views

Injectivity of div–curl operator

$\DeclareMathOperator\div{div}\DeclareMathOperator\curl{curl}$Consider a div–curl system \begin{align*} Lu &= (\div(u), \curl(u)) \text{ in } \Omega \subset M, \text{ a 3-manifold}, \\ u &= 0 \...
Chris's user avatar
  • 419
5 votes
0 answers
417 views

All $L^pL^q$ estimates for the heat equation on $\mathbb R$ (with gain of derivatives)

I have asked this question on MSE, but this is a better place. The heat equation and the heat kernel. Consider the heat equation on $\mathbb R$: $$ \left\{\begin{aligned}u_t-\Delta u&=f\\u(0,x)&...
Lorenzo Pompili's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
206 views

Equality of weak solutions for inner products inducing equivalent norms

This is a repost of a now-deleted MSE question that did not get any comments or answers. $\textbf{Background}$: This question is mainly about two basic questions: How do we systematically obtain the ...
user2103480's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
419 views

Nonlinear variation of constants formula

Suppose that we wish to solve $x'(t)=f(x(t))+g(x(t)), \; x(0)=x_0\in X,$ where $X$ is an infinite dimensional Banach space and $f , g : X \rightarrow X $ are two nonlinear functions. Furthermore, ...
Rabat's user avatar
  • 51
5 votes
0 answers
156 views

Homotopy, contraction mapping and the inverse function theorem on Banach spaces

We all know the "open mapping" part of the inverse function theorem on Euclidean spaces can be proved by either contraction mapping (iterations), or homotopy methods (degree theory / ...
Iza_lazet's user avatar
  • 179
5 votes
0 answers
135 views

Relationship between continuous vector fields and divergence measure fields in dimension $\ge 2$

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^d$ with $d \geq 2$ (I am mostly interested in the case when $\Omega$ is the unit ball). A vector field in $L^p(\Omega,\mathbb R^d)$ is called a divergence measure field ...
Yury Korolev's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
168 views

Sobolev extension from a discrete set of points

Let $1 > \alpha > 0$ and fix some $C > 0$. Consider $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ a bounded domain and $Y \subset \Omega$ a discrete (finite) set of points. For $f: Y \to \mathbb{R}$ define $$...
Ceka's user avatar
  • 501
5 votes
0 answers
214 views

Compactness of multiplication operators

Let $n \ge 3$ and $0 \le V\in L^p(R^n)$ for some $p \ge n/2$. Then the multiplication operator $$Tu=V^{1/2}u$$ is compact from $H^1(R^n)$ to $L^2(R^n)$. If $p>n/2$, this follows from the ...
Giorgio Metafune's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
438 views

Green's formula and traces in weighted Sobolev spaces

Let $B_1$ denote the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^d$, let \begin{equation} \rho(x) = 1-|x| \quad \text{ for } x \in B_1, \end{equation} and let $\sigma >0$ be given. As per the comments, notice that $\...
char's user avatar
  • 309
5 votes
0 answers
242 views

Spectral gap for the Brownian motion with drift on a compact manifold

Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, $X$ a smooth vector field on $M$. Consider the Brownian motion $t\mapsto B_t$ on $M$ with drift $X$, so that its generator is $L=\Delta +X$. ...
Pierre PC's user avatar
  • 3,669
5 votes
0 answers
205 views

Steklov averages in PDE: what to do when we have time-dependent elliptic operator

One may have an equation (with boundary conditions omitted below) $$u_t - Au = f$$ $$u(0)=u_0$$ which has a weak solution $u \in L^2(0,T;V) \cap C([0,T];H)$ in the sense that $$-\int_0^T \int_\Omega u(...
AlC's user avatar
  • 91
5 votes
0 answers
913 views

Inverse Function Theorem on Zygmund Spaces, is the inverse in the same Zygmund Space?

Preliminary Definitions Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be open. We define the Zygmund spaces $C^r_{*}(\Omega)$ with $r>0$, $r \in \mathbb{R}$ in the following way: (all the functions are ...
juan rojo's user avatar
  • 103
5 votes
0 answers
428 views

Is there an appropriate weighted Sobolev space to include exponential map and projection map?

Observe that given a non negative function $\omega: \mathbb{R^2} \rightarrow [0, \infty)$, we can define the weighted $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^2, \omega) $ spaces. They are measurable functions $f: \...
Ritwik's user avatar
  • 3,245
4 votes
0 answers
90 views

Hölder stability of the PDE $\partial_t u (t, x) = \operatorname{div} \{ a (t, x) \nabla u(t, x) \}$

$ \newcommand{\bR}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\bE}{\mathbb{E}} \newcommand{\bT}{\mathbb{T}} \newcommand{\bP}{\mathbb{P}} \newcommand{\bF}{\mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\cF}{\mathcal{F}} \newcommand{\eps}{\...
Akira's user avatar
  • 825
4 votes
0 answers
256 views

Singularity of singularities and second microlocalization: a question that come from the stabilization of damped wave equation

In the paper [2], the Authors introduce a tool called second microlocalization, which is difficult for me. Although I have searched a lot of papers on the internet, nevertheless the material that I ...
monotone operator's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
129 views

Trace-class heat semigroups

Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold and $\Delta_g$ its Laplace operator. Let $\varphi$ be a test function on $\mathbf{R}_{>0}$. We define the operator on, say, $L^2(M)$ $$T_{\varphi}(u) :=...
user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
77 views

Reference/Help request for formula $[A,e^{-itB}]$ found in physics thread

I'm wondering if anyone has a rigorous reference or a proof of the formula (2) found in the main answer of this thread on the physics stack exchange. I want to use it but in the case where $A, B$ are ...
DerGalaxy's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
148 views

Generalizing Kato-Seiler-Simon-type inequalities to diamagnetic operators

I recently learned about estimates one can perform with operators on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ given as $f(x)g(-i\nabla)$, see Chapter 4 in Trace Ideals and their Applications by Professor Barry Simon (the ...
garserdt216's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
134 views

Weighted logarithmic Sobolev inequality

$\DeclareMathOperator\Ent{Ent}$The usual logarithmic Sobolev inequality says that $$ \Ent_\mu(f^2)\leq C\int |\nabla f|^2 d\mu $$ where the entropy $$ \Ent_\mu(f^2)=\int f^2 \log\left( \frac{f^2}{\int ...
leo monsaingeon's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
103 views

Characteristic of Sobolev space generated by Hörmander vector fields

Let $\Omega$ be an open bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$. Suppose that $X=(X_{1},X_{2},\ldots,X_{m})$ are smooth vector fields defined on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and ...
pxchg1200's user avatar
  • 287

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