All Questions
Tagged with reference-request nt.number-theory
1,409 questions
11
votes
6
answers
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views
The Wiener-Ikehara approach to the PNT
Was providing an alternative proof of the PNT one of the main impulses that led to the discovery of the Tauberian theorem of Wiener and Ikehara or the other way around?
In any case, do you know who ...
- 8,842
0
votes
0
answers
177
views
Status of the $n$ conjecture and, as secondary question or reference request, what about a transfer method for this conjecture $n>3$
The n conjecture is a generalization of the abc conjecture. What is the current status of the $n$ conjecture? See also [1]
Question 1. Can you tell us what about the current status of the $n$ ...
12
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Weil's Riemann Hypothesis for dummies?
Weil's Riemann Hypothesis is a deep result that I don't fully understand, but it has understandable corollaries which interest me. For example:
(a) For any projective curve $X$ satisfying certain ...
- 7,633
7
votes
1
answer
858
views
Teichmuller groupoids in Grothendieck's esquisse d'un programme
Grothendieck in his Esquisse d'un programme mentioned without any precise definition and construction that the absolute Galois group $Gal(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ acts on the whole "tower" ...
- 21.8k
36
votes
1
answer
4k
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Special values of L-functions as periods
If $M$ is a pure motive over $\mathbb{Q}$, one cas define its $L$-function $L(M,s)$ which conjecturaly is a meromorphic function over $\mathbb{C}$ with finitely many poles.
For example, when $M=\...
- 26k
8
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Computing the q-series of the j-invariant
It is a fundamental fact, often quoted these days in its connection with Monstrous Moonshine, that the q-expansion (i.e., the Laurent expansion in a neighborhood of $\tau = i\infty$) of the j-...
- 1,415
6
votes
2
answers
350
views
Number of integer partitions modulo 3
Motivated by Parity of number of partitions of $n!/6$ and $n!/2$, I asked my computer (and my FriCAS package for guessing) for an algebraic differential equation for the number of integer partitions ...
- 5,822
5
votes
1
answer
434
views
consecutive prime gaps and explicit bound
I am aware of the theorem that $p_{n+1}- p_n \leq n^{0.525}$ which is true for all sufficiently large numbers due to Baker, but if i want to make the implicit "for all sufficiently large numbers" ...
user95470
30
votes
1
answer
2k
views
How strong is this conjecture? $(Z/nZ)^*$ is generated by "small" elements
Conjecture: There are constants $c,k$ such that every $(Z/nZ)^*$ is generated by its elements smaller than $k (\log n)^c$.
Where $(Z/nZ)^*$ is the multiplicative group of integers mod $n$. My main ...
- 4,529
0
votes
1
answer
119
views
Maximum in solution set to a Diophantine equation related to unit fractions
Some time ago, Kellogg communicated to Carmichael a result with an incomplete proof, which was soon after verified as correct. I do not recall the source but recall the result. Define
$$S_n = \{ (x_1,...
1
vote
1
answer
291
views
Show that, If $a-1\mid S(a-1,2m)$ and $a-1>2m+1$ then $(f(a,2m))_a\in X_a$
Define $X_a$ be the set as, namely$\{ x=(\ \underbrace{ 1\ 1\cdots\ 1\ 1}_{\text{$n$ terms}}\ \ 0 \ \ \underbrace{ \alpha_t\ \alpha_{t-1} \cdots \alpha_1 \ \alpha_0}_{\text{$k$ terms, k=t+1}})_a \mid\ ...
- 599
2
votes
2
answers
2k
views
A multidimensional version of Hensel's lemma? (for more than one polynomial)
The classical Hensel's lemma is stated as follows: Let $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z}_p[x]$ and $a \in \mathbb{Z}_p$ satisfy
$$
|f(a)|_p < | f'(a) |_p^2.
$$
Then there is a unique $\alpha \in \mathbb{Z}_p$...
- 3,625
10
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Larger cycle than 4, 2, 1 in Collatz iteration?
(Here I discuss the Collatz problem only for positive integers.)
It is possible, by computation, to find all cycles in the Collatz iteration of a fixed length.
It is clear that an increase must be ...
- 3,645
1
vote
0
answers
188
views
I'm looking for a proof of Polya-Bertrandias Theorem
I'm looking for a proof of Polya-Bertrandias rationality criterion in english (not the one from Amice).
- 11
7
votes
0
answers
373
views
What is known about "almost orthogonal vectors"?
Motivation:
Suppose we have a kernel $k(a,b)$ defined over the natural numbers.
Then by the Moore–Aronszajn theorem, we can embedd the natural number $a$ in some Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$, which we ...
user6671
5
votes
1
answer
445
views
An easier reference than "On the Functional Equations Satisfied by Eisenstein Series"?
I'd like to learn about Eisenstein series so I started reading "On the Functional Equations Satisfied by Eisenstein Series"by Langlands.
http://www.sunsite.ubc.ca/DigitalMathArchive/Langlands/pdf/...
- 3,625
6
votes
3
answers
433
views
is this a familiar gen. fn. for partitions?
The $2$-adic valuation of $n\in\mathbb{N}$, denoted $\nu(n)$, is the largest power $t$ such that $2^t$ divides $n$. The number of integer partitions of $n$, denoted by $p(n)$, has generating function
...
- 43.2k
14
votes
1
answer
497
views
Geometric Mean of $L(1,\chi)$ for quadratic Dirichlet characters
Let $S = \{D_1, D_2, D_3, \ldots \}$ be the set of all prime discriminants
(or positive prime discriminants) of quadratic number fields. For such a
discriminant let $\chi_j(n) = (\frac{D_j}n)$ be ...
- 32.6k
11
votes
4
answers
4k
views
Variants of Eisenstein irreducibility
In his article where he stated what we know as Eisenstein's irreducibility criterion (which actually was first proved by Schönemann, as was Scholz's reciprocity law and Hensel's Lemma), he ...
- 32.6k
7
votes
3
answers
582
views
Asymptotics for the number of abelian groups of order at most $x.$
The number of abelian groups of order $n$ (call it $a(n)$ is a studied subject (see http://oeis.org/A000688), but I can't seem to find any asymptotic results. Obviously, there is no asymptotic for $a(...
- 96.4k
5
votes
3
answers
1k
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Don Zagier's "Zetafunktionen und quadratische Körper"
Do you know of a text--preferably in English--whose treatment of the class number formula is based on (or follows closely) the one expounded by Zagier in sections II.8 (binary quadratic forms) and II....
- 8,842
27
votes
2
answers
2k
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Etale site is useful - examples of using the small fppf site?
Edit: After the answers and comments, I'm hoping for a little bit of elaboration (in the comment to the answer below.) Also, question 2 was discussed here:
Points in sites (etale, fppf, ... )
There, ...
- 3,555
6
votes
1
answer
361
views
Decay of matrix coefficients of non-tempered representation
A theorem of Cowling--Haagerup--Howe gives an effective decay rate of the matrix coefficients of a tempered representation $\pi$ of a semi-simple algebraic $G$ in terms of Harish-Chandra $\Xi$ ...
- 1,692
6
votes
1
answer
714
views
Best estimate of the Mertens function without assuming the Riemann Hypothesis
I'm searching the best known upper bound for the Mertens function, but without assuming the Riemann hypothesis.
Landau, in 1901, have proved that $M(x)= O(x \exp(-c\sqrt{\ln x})$, but I am unable to ...
- 173
25
votes
1
answer
2k
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The origin of Discrete `Liouville's theorem'
It is known that discrete Liouville's theorem for harmonic functions on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ was proved by Heilbronn (On discrete harmonic functions. - Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. , 1949, 45, 194-206).
If ...
- 12.3k
10
votes
3
answers
566
views
Continued Fractions from Digit Streams
let $x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\delta_i2^{-i},\ \delta_i\in\{0,1\}$.
Is there an algorithm that converts the sequence $(\delta_0,\ \delta_1,\ ...)$ of the binary digits of $x$ to the sequence $[a_0;a_1,\...
- 13.2k
6
votes
2
answers
457
views
Name of a group-like structure
The late Vladimir Arnold, in
Arnold, V., Arithmetics of binary quadratic forms, symmetry of their continued fractions and geometry of their de Sitter world, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 34, No. 1, ...
- 2,901
11
votes
2
answers
718
views
An old paper of S.Chowla on unit equations
It is referenced that in
Chowla, S., Proof of a conjecture of Julia Robinson, Norske Vid. Selsk. Forh. (Trondheim) 34, 100–101 (1961),
it is shown that the equation $\epsilon_1 + \epsilon_2 = 1$ ...
- 704
6
votes
1
answer
949
views
Splitting of primes in cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension
Let $p$ be a prime, $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $K_{\infty}$ be a cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $K$ i.e. Gal$(K_{\infty}/K) \cong \mathbb{Z}_p$, the group of $p$-adic ...
- 193
4
votes
1
answer
226
views
Simple trace formula with different spectral footprint?
A standard idea when dealing with the Arthur-Selberg trace formula (or a relative trace formula, for that matter) is to impose local conditions on the test function $f=\prod_vf_v$ to obtain a simple ...
- 2,516
-4
votes
2
answers
6k
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Factorizing polynomials of several variables (in a different perespective)
I am looking for factorization of polynomials of several variables in the way outlined below.
Consider a second degree polynomial of two variables over the complex numbers.
"P(x,y) = Ax^2 + Bxy + Cy^...
10
votes
1
answer
547
views
what is the status of this problem? an equivalent formulation?
R. Guy, Unsolved problems in number theory, 3rd edition, Springer, 2004.
In this book, on page 167-168, Problem C5, Sums determining members of a set, discusses a question Leo Moser asked: suppose $X\...
- 43.2k
9
votes
1
answer
646
views
Have the explicit Poisson-type formulas of Guinand and Meyer been observed before?
In a recent paper of Meyer Measures with locally finite support and spectrum PNAS vol. 113 no. 12:3152–3158 (behind a paywall, but see also these seminar notes) some new explicit Poisson-type formulas ...
- 2,901
0
votes
1
answer
224
views
Counting multiples in short intervals
Has anyone seen a problem like this in the literature? There are likely more generalized versions in sieve theory, which I am willing to tackle, but I would prefer a more elementary approach if ...
- 13k
3
votes
4
answers
654
views
A generalization of Landau's function
For a given $n > 0$ Landau's function is defined as $$g(n) := \max\{ \operatorname{lcm}(n_1, \ldots, n_k) \mid n = n_1 + \ldots + n_k \mbox{ for some $k$}\},$$
the least common multiple of all ...
- 798
1
vote
0
answers
212
views
Generate algorithmically an elliptic curve with its exact class group structure?
Is it possible to generate an elliptic curve $E$ (randomly), together with knowing its class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathcal{O})$ structure? where $\mathcal{O}$ is its endomorphism rings $\mathsf{End}(E)$ ...
- 181
7
votes
3
answers
1k
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short character sums averaged on the character
Let $a$ be an integer, $p$ a prime (much) greater than $a$, and $\chi$ a Dirichlet character.
There is an abundant literature on the sums
$$S(\chi,a)=\sum_{i=1}^a \chi(i),$$
called short (or ...
- 26k
7
votes
1
answer
683
views
The Gauss Circle Problem asymptotic in dimension
The circle problem in $k$ dimensions: "For $n>0$, how many points $z\in \ \mathbb{Z}^k$ have $\|z\|^2\leq n$?"
For large $n$, the answer is $\approx n^{k/2}\cdot \operatorname{Vol}(B^k(0,1))+\...
22
votes
3
answers
7k
views
A recommended roadmap to Fermat's Last Theorem
I was inspired to undertake math as a career after watching a documentary on the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. As such it's been a small goal of mine to understand Wiles et al's proof.
In a ...
- 1,458
0
votes
1
answer
266
views
Alternative reference to Davenport's Analytic Methods for geometry of numbers?
I was wondering if someone would be willing to suggest an alternative reference to Davenport's book Analytic Methods for Diophantine Equations and Diophantine Equations. I like the book but I would ...
user147650
11
votes
2
answers
369
views
Harmonic congruence
There are a number of interesting congruences for harmonic sums, not the least of which is Wolstenholme's theorem: $H_{p-1}:=\sum_{j=1}^{p-1}\frac1j\equiv 0\mod p^2$.
It appears that $\sum_{j=1}^{p-1}...
- 309
11
votes
0
answers
269
views
Proving a group with two generators is not free that uses the Brahamagupta-Pell equation
Hello I encountered the following while reading a set of notes on free groups. It's not a homework question.
"Does there exist a rational number $\alpha$ with $0 <|\alpha| < 2$ such that the ...
- 111
12
votes
3
answers
7k
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Learning roadmap for algebraic number theory
I have read some elementary number theory from David Burton's text and I know groups and rings from Herstein's book Topics in Algebra and some field theory from different sources online. I am ...
0
votes
0
answers
87
views
Reference request for additive persistence of a number
It is well known fact that each natural number can be represented uniquely in any base. So we can define digit sum function whose value is sum of digits of the natural number in given base.
Let $f(n,b)...
- 249
12
votes
1
answer
563
views
reference request: rational points on the unit sphere
I wonder what would be a good/early reference for the fact:
rational points on the unit sphere (centered at the origin) are dense.
Stereographic projection (from a rational point in the sphere) ...
- 10.7k
1
vote
0
answers
234
views
Why is the $\mathbb{Z}_p$-corank of $\operatorname{Sel}_{p^\infty}(E/\mathbb{Q})$ finite?
I'm interested on the Mordell-Weil rank of an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$. I read that the $\mathbb{Z}_p$-corank of the $p^\infty$-Selmer group $\operatorname{Sel}_{p^\infty}(E)\doteq\...
user105226
7
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Reference for the expected number of prime factors of n larger than n^alpha is -log alpha
Let $0 < \alpha < 1$ be a constant. The expected number of prime factors of a "random" integer near $n$ which are greater than $n^\alpha$ is $-\log \alpha$.
It's my understanding that (...
- 14k
0
votes
0
answers
226
views
On Prime Numbers which can be Norms of an Integral Ideal of a Number Field
We know that since the ring $\mathbb Z [i]$ of Gaussian integers is a Principal Ideal Domain, the only integer primes which can norms of some ideal of $\mathbb Z [i]$ are those which can be expressed ...
- 739
8
votes
2
answers
512
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The average of reciprocal binomials
This question is motivated by the MO problem here. Perhaps it is not that difficult.
Question. Here is an cute formula.
$$\frac1n\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac1{\binom{n-1}k}=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac1{k2^{n-k}}...
- 43.2k
3
votes
1
answer
487
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Is this line of thought (using linear algebra to get number theoretic results) already being pursued in the literature?
Let $Log(n) = \sum_{i=1}^r \alpha_i \cdot e_i$, where $n = \prod_{i=1}^r p_i^{\alpha_i}$ and $p_i$ is the $i$-th prime, $\alpha_i \ge 0$, $e_i$ is the $i$-th standard basis vector. For example $6 = 2\...
user6671