All Questions
Tagged with quadratic-forms linear-algebra
84 questions
4
votes
1
answer
236
views
If a lattice can be embedded into $\mathbb Q^n,\langle-1\rangle^n$, then can it be embedded into $\mathbb Z^n,\langle -1 \rangle^n$?
Given a graph with negative integers on each vertex $\Gamma$ there is a corresponding intersection lattice denoted $Q_\Gamma$, a free $\mathbb Z$ module generated by the vertices, endowed with a ...
- 12.9k
1
vote
1
answer
133
views
Graceful labeling of the complete bipartite graph and its laplacian quadratic form diagonalized
A graceful labeling of a connected simple undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ is a map $f:V\to\lbrace 1,...,|E|+1\rbrace$ such that for all $t\in\lbrace 1,...,|E|\rbrace$ there is a (trivially unique) $\langle ...
- 256
1
vote
1
answer
153
views
How to solve for bounds restricting ${\Sigma}$ to symmetric-positive-semi-definiteness?
Scenario
I have a equation for a covariance matrix ${\Sigma}$ where everything but a vector of correlations is known aka $x=(x_{1}, \dots, x_{D})$ for $x_{i}\in [-1, 1]$.
Problem
I know that ${x}$ ...
- 126
0
votes
0
answers
93
views
Orthogonalization of symmetric non-degenerate bilinear forms
It is well-known that given a field $k$ with characteristic different from $2$, every symmetric non-degenerate bilinear form $B$ over a finite-dimensional space can be orthogonalized. This means that ...
- 1,485
2
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Rank of a linear combination of quadratic forms
Suppose we have a set of quadratic forms $Q_i (x_1, \dots, x_n)$ for $1 \leq i \leq k$ in $n$ variables, defined over $\mathbb{R}$. We suppose these are 'collectively nondegenerate' in the sense that ...
- 50.6k
0
votes
0
answers
111
views
Totally isotropic space for bilinear pairing over ring
A duplicate of this:
Consider the following well-known inequality: Let $b$
be a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear pairing over a (finite-dimensional) $\mathbb F$-vector space $V$ and $W$
a totally ...
- 33.8k
2
votes
0
answers
55
views
Quadratic surjective map between spheres
The quadratic function $f:\mathbb R^4\to\mathbb R^3$
$$f(a,b,c,d)=\begin{bmatrix} 2(ac + bd)&2(ad - bc)&a^2 + b^2 - c^2 - d^2\end{bmatrix}$$
surjectively maps the sphere $S^3$ to the sphere $S^...
- 479
15
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Positive quadratic polynomial
Let $S$ be solutions of a system of quadratic polynomials on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Suppose $q$ is another quadratic polynomial such that $q|_S\geqslant 0$.
Is it possible to find a polynomial $\tilde q$ ...
- 52.3k
12
votes
1
answer
902
views
Positive 4-form
Denote by $W$ the space of all symmetric bilinear forms on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Let $Q$ be a quadratic form on $W$.
Suppose that $Q(b)\geqslant 0$ for any $b\in W$ such that $b(X,Y)=\ell(X)\cdot\ell(Y)$ ...
- 108k
4
votes
0
answers
216
views
Is an orthogonal direct sum decomposition with respect to two quadratic forms necessarily unique up to isomorphism
Consider two quadratic forms $Q$ and $P$ over a finite dimensional vector space $V$ over a quadratically closed (or perhaps Pythagorean) field $F$. If $V$ can be decomposed as $V = V_1 \oplus V_2 \...
- 4,943
2
votes
0
answers
266
views
Solutions to the quadratic matrix equation $X A X^T = B$
Let $A, B \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ be symmetric, positive-semidefinite, full-rank matrices. I would like to understand the set of $X \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ which are themselves symmetric and ...
- 453
4
votes
1
answer
277
views
Is there a good notion of kernels of quadratic forms on abelian groups?
Let $G$ be an abelian group and let $q:G \to \mathbb{Q/Z}$ be a quadratic form, i.e. $q(a)=q(-a)$ and $b(x,y)=q(x+y)-q(x)-q(y)$ is a bihomomorphism. On vector spaces, when people speak about the ...
- 2,928
1
vote
1
answer
70
views
A question about the sign of quadratic forms on nonnegative vectors
Let $M$ be a real square matrix of order $n\ge 3$.
Assume that for every nonnegative vector $\textbf{z}\in \mathbb R^n$ which has at lease one zero entry we have $\textbf{z}^T M \textbf{z} \ge 0$.
Can ...
- 39.9k
1
vote
1
answer
298
views
Degenerate representation
Let $\rho : \mathbb{R}^n\to \mathfrak{so}(2m)$ be a faithful representation of the commutative Lie algebra $\mathbb{R}^n$ into the Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices. There is an orthonormal basis ...
- 2,902
1
vote
0
answers
87
views
Continuous choice of null directions for a family of bilinear forms
Let $E$ and $F$ be (real) Hilbert spaces, where $\dim E = \infty$ and $1 \leq \dim F < \infty$. Let $T : E \to \operatorname{Sym}(F \times F,\mathbb{R})$ be a continuous linear map, where $\...
- 2,095
1
vote
0
answers
94
views
Maximal $l^2$ restriction of psd quadratic form on $\mathbb{R}^n$
I've been stuck on this problem for a few days as part of a bigger research problem and am looking for some help.
Let $S : \mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a positive ...
- 12.9k
0
votes
0
answers
92
views
Positive definite matrix and Hörmander theory
Let $\varphi \in C_{0}^{\infty}, \varphi\neq 0$. We'll consider the inner product in $L^{2}.$
Let $\alpha,\beta$ multi-index, $m\in \mathbb{N}$ such that $|\alpha|,|\beta|\leq m$ and set
$$
\varphi_{\...
- 6,367
2
votes
2
answers
324
views
Determinants of minors occurring 'within' determinant of full matrix
$A= (a_{ij})$ is an $n\times n$ symmetric positive matrix. It induces a quadratic form $f(x):= x^tAx$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. $D_m$ denotes the determinant of the top left $m\times m$ submatrix of $A$ (or ...
- 675
0
votes
1
answer
199
views
Maximum dimension of a simultaneous anisotropic subspace of quadratic forms over $ \mathbb{Q} $
Let $(V,q )$ be a quadratic space over $ \mathbb{Q} $. A subspace $ U $ is called totally isotropic if $ q(x) = 0 $ for all $ x \in U $ and a subspace $ U $ is called an anisotropic subspace if $ ...
- 3,446
1
vote
0
answers
52
views
When the summands of a positive definite matrix are positive definite
Let $A,B$ be two real symmetric matrices. Let $C = A+B$ be a positive-definite matrix. Write $C>0$ for $C$ being positive-definite. Suppose that $A>0 \implies C>0$ and $B > 0 \implies C>...
- 71
1
vote
1
answer
263
views
A question on vectors in $\mathbb{R}^4$
Let $M$ be an invertible $4 \times 4$ real matrix, and let $\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \in \mathbb{R}^4$. Consider the matrix
$$\displaystyle \mathcal{M} = \mathcal{M}(\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v}) = [\mathbf{u}...
- 6,696
5
votes
1
answer
342
views
Is the map $GL_n(\mathbb{Z})\to GL_n(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$ surjective?
Suppose $F$ is a field. I want to know whether the map $GL_n(GW(F))\to GL_n(W(F))$ is surjective, where $GW$ means Grothendieck-Witt and $W$ means Witt. In the case $F$ is algebraic closed, it reduces ...
- 12.9k
12
votes
2
answers
3k
views
On the positive definiteness of a linear combination of matrices
In my work in PDE, the following problem in linear algebra came up. Any help in this direction is appreciated.
QUESTION:
Let $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$ and let $A_1,\ldots, A_m\in M_n(\mathbb{R})$ be real, ...
- 63.9k
5
votes
0
answers
237
views
Linearly independent quadratic forms vanishing on a finite set of points
The question I am interested in can be summed up as follows: given positive integers $n,m,k$, how do we write down $m$ linearly independent quadratic forms $Q_1, \cdots, Q_m \in \mathbb{C}[x_0, \cdots,...
- 26.9k
3
votes
0
answers
138
views
Is there a method to solve a non-linear quadratic matrix equation?
I am interested in solving the following quadratic equation: $$x^{\top} A x = \sqrt{x^{\top} B x}$$
Here, $x \in \mathbb{R^q}$ is an unknown vector, and A and B are two q$\times$q-dimensional ...
- 31
11
votes
0
answers
158
views
Characterization of certain 4-dimensional lattices
Let $\Lambda \subset {\bf Q}^4$ be a lattice, i.e., $\Lambda$ is a free abelian group and $\Lambda \otimes {\bf Q} = {\bf Q^4}$.
The determinants of those dilation-rotations (i.e. linear maps of ${\bf ...
- 11.9k
2
votes
0
answers
114
views
Projective group of Plucker quadric over the reals
A somewhat elementary question but seemingly difficult to find a suitable reference:
Consider the six-dimensional real space $\wedge^2(\mathbb R^4)$ with basis $e_i \wedge e_j \ (i < j)$ where $...
- 376
3
votes
3
answers
590
views
Solving diagonal simultaneous quadratic equations
A problem I am trying to solve has led to me to the following system of equations:
$$A(x^2) + Bx + c = 0$$
Where $A$ and $B$ are known matrices, $c$ is a known vector, $x$ is the vector of unknowns ...
- 1,216
2
votes
0
answers
111
views
Inseparable field extensions of degree p and linear independence
Let $F$ be a field of characteristic $p$; let $\alpha \in F$ such that $\alpha \neq \beta^p$ for any $\beta \in F$, and let $K := F(x)$ where $x=\sqrt[p]{\alpha}$.
Is it true that the elements $1,(x-...
- 2,051
2
votes
0
answers
47
views
Generalization of positive definiteness for a non-smooth quadratic form
I have a "quadratic form" defined as follows:
$$f(\vec x) = \sum_{i<j} c_{ij} x_i x_j + \sum_i a_i(x_i) x_i^2$$
where the coefficients $c_{ij}$ are fixed constants, but the coefficients $a_i(x_i)$...
- 884
5
votes
3
answers
3k
views
A nice necessary and sufficient condition on positive semi-definiteness of a matrix with a special structure
Let
$$
A =
\begin{pmatrix}
\sum_{j\ne 1}a_{1j} & -a_{12} & \cdots & -a_{1n}\\
-a_{21} & \sum_{j\ne 2}a_{2j} & \cdots & -a_{2n}\\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \...
- 63.9k
5
votes
1
answer
2k
views
The statement that $A \ge B$ implies $A^{-1} \le B^{-1}$ is still true for matrices? [closed]
Problem:
Suppose we have two real, symmetric and positive definite square matrices $A$ and $B$, i.e.,
$$A_{ij}, B_{ij}\in \mathbb{R}$$
$$A^T=A$$
$$B^T=B$$
$$x^TAx>0 \forall x$$
$$x^TBx>0 \...
- 52.3k
2
votes
2
answers
119
views
Correlation between the first and a random position of an ergodic bit sequence
Edit: Since the geometric approach did not work, I try now another approach: phrasing the problem as a quadratic programme.
Probabilistic version.
Let $x=(x_1,x_2, \ldots) $ be an ergodic random ...
- 947
1
vote
0
answers
53
views
How explicitly write a projective transformation between the conics over the univariate function field?
Consider the quadratic forms
$$
Q_1 = x^2 + y^2 - (t^2+1)z^2,\qquad Q_2 = x^2 + y^2 - z^2
$$
over the rational function field $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$, where $p > 2$ is a prime such that $t^2 + 1$ is ...
- 1,833
0
votes
0
answers
58
views
Quadrics over the univariate function field with discriminant of minimal degree
Consider a non-degenerate quadric $Q(x,y,z) \subset \mathrm{P}^2$ over the univariate function field $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$, where $\mathbb{F}_p$ is a prime finite field, $p > 2$. For simplicity assume ...
- 1,833
1
vote
0
answers
111
views
Reference request: Number of elliptic and hyperbolic quadratic forms of a given rank over a finite field
My question is over the finite field $\mathbf{F}_q$ of $q$ elements. It is well known that a symmetric matrix of odd rank corresponds to a parabolic quadratic form but even rank symmetric matrices ...
- 179
2
votes
0
answers
108
views
Angle between subspaces in indefinite signature
I know there is a notion of principal angles between subpaces of a Euclidean space, but what about subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space $V$ equipped with a non-degenerate quadratic form of ...
- 452
1
vote
0
answers
69
views
Question about Notation for Spaces of $n$-ary $k$-ic Forms
Define an $n$-ary $k$-ic form to be a polynomial over the integers of homogeneous degree $k$ in $n$ variables. In Section 1 of the paper "Higher Composition Laws I" (linked below), Bhargava writes $(\...
0
votes
1
answer
215
views
Vanishing bilinear forms
For a symmetric or antisymmetric bilinear form $\varphi$ on a vector space $V$, if $\varphi(x,y)=0$ then also $\varphi(y,x)=0$ ($x,y\in V$).
I was wondering if this is also a necessary condition for ...
- 4,189
4
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Solving a quadratic matrix equation with fat matrix
I am trying to find an $n \times m$ fat (i.e., $m > n$) matrix $T$ that solves
$$T^T T = X$$
where $X$ is a given $m \times m$ symmetric, positive semidefinite matrix.
I saw this post, but ...
3
votes
1
answer
600
views
« Generalized simultaneous diagonalization » of a pair of symmetric, non-commuting, positive semi-definite matrices
I hope my question is trivial for some of you but for the time being I’m lost somewhere between the generalized eigenproblem, simultaneous diagonalization of quadratic forms, simultaneous SVD, ...
- 20.2k
4
votes
1
answer
393
views
Can an ellipsoid be moved freely inside another ellipsoid?
An origin centric ellipsoid is defined by any positive semi-definite $n$ by $n$ matrix $X$, by taking all vectors $v$ such that $v^tXv\leq1$. Call two origin centric ellipsoid equivalent if one can be ...
- 4,713
10
votes
2
answers
2k
views
When is a bilinear form equivalent to a trace form?
Associated to a finite, separable field extension $L/K$, there is a natural nondegenerate bilinear form, the trace form, defined by $$\langle x,y \rangle := \mathrm{Tr}_{L/K}(xy)$$
Now, given a ...
- 1,766
20
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Simultaneous "orthonormalization" in $\mathbb{C}^4$
Let $A$ be a positive, invertible $4 \times 4$ hermitian complex matrix.
So we have a positive sesquilinear form $\langle Av,w\rangle$. Say that a pair $(v,w)$ of vectors in $\mathbb{C}^4$ is good ...
- 42.8k
6
votes
1
answer
623
views
A curious determinant of quadratic forms
In a work about the Wave Equation, I encountered the following symmetric matrix of size $1+n$, whose entries are quadratic forms. The arguments are a scalar $a$ and a vector $X\in k^n$.
$$S(a,X)=\...
- 63.9k
0
votes
0
answers
283
views
A symmetric matrix with nonzero principal minors is cogredient to a diagonal matrix via an upper triangular
A paper I'm reading in representation theory states the following result:
Let $F$ be a field of characteristic zero, and $x$ a symmetric matrix in $M_n(F)$ all of whose principal minors are not zero. ...
- 6,180
3
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Roots of quadratic vector equation
Given $$A_{i j k}X_j X_k + B_{ij} X_j + C_i = 0$$ where $A_{ijk}$, $B_{ij}$, and $C_i$ are arbitrary real numbers for all $i$, $j$, $k$ which are $N$-dimensional indices, such that $A_{ijk}=A_{ikj}$ ...
- 20.2k
1
vote
1
answer
129
views
Redistribute diagonal entries of a matrix
Let $d = (d_1,...,d_k)^t$ with positive entries. Denote $D:=diag(d)$ and let $m > k$. What are sufficient conditions on $d$ and $m$ so that there exists $V \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times k}$ with:
$V$ ...
- 24.2k
5
votes
1
answer
275
views
Are stably equivalent quadratic forms over Z equivalent?
Let $Q_1, Q_2, R$ be quadratic froms over $\mathbb{Z}$ such that $Q_1 \oplus R \cong Q_2 \oplus R$ as quadratic forms. Is it necessary that $Q_1 \cong Q_2$?
I know that by Witt's theorem it is true ...
- 25.7k
1
vote
0
answers
286
views
Generalized eigenvalue problem with nonnegative eigenvector constraint
Consider the following problem that is known to be non-convex but can be solved as a generalized eigenvalue problem (i.e. has a global optimum solution):
$\underset{w}{\text{maximize}}\quad w^{\top}...
- 11