Questions tagged [legendre-polynomials]
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52 questions
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Expansion of the associated Legendre polynomials $P^m_l(\cos\vartheta)$ for $\vartheta \rightarrow 0$
A simple test with Mathematica indicates that for the associated Legendre polynomials $P^m_l$ the following relation should hold:
$$ \lim_{\vartheta\rightarrow 0} P^m_l(\cos\vartheta) =a_{lm} \...
- 369
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0
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28
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Addition theorem for Legendre polynomials in $2$ dimensions
I'm asking this question again, this time through this forum instead of MSE because I think it is more adequate.
We know the addition theorem for Legendre polynomials in spherical coordinates is
$$P_\...
- 101
2
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1
answer
147
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Prove the orthogonality of vector spherical harmonics
We define
$S_a^{lm} = \Big( - \frac{1}{\sin \theta} Y^{lm}_{,\varphi}, \sin \theta\ Y^{lm}_{,\theta} \Big)$
$Y_a^{lm} = \Big( Y^{lm}_{,\theta}, Y^{lm}_{,\varphi} \Big)$
to be the axial vector ...
- 117
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0
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75
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Product of d-dimensional Legendre polynomials
Let $P_n:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be the $d$-dimensional Legendre polynomials, that is they are orthonormal polynomials w.r.t the probability measure $\mu_d$ on $[-1,1]$ given by $\mu_d= \...
- 155
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How are the Legendre Polynomials of second kind for negative degrees defined?
For a script I have to evaluate the associated Legendre polynomial of second kind $Q^0_{n}(z)$.
Until now, I was using an implementation that is based on the definition in equation 8.702 in the Book &...
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0
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149
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Algorithm for converting from 2D Legendre basis to 2D Monomial basis
I am dealing with function written in a 2D Legendre polynomial basis and I need to convert it so that it's written in a 2D monomial basis. I've found of an algorithm that allows for change of basis ...
- 111
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0
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283
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Derivation of an integral containing the complete elliptic integral of the first kind
I found the following formula in "INTEGRALS AND SERIES, vol.3" by Prudnikov, Brychkov and Marichev (page 188, eq.5).
$$\int_0^{\infty} \frac{x^{\alpha-1}}{\sqrt{(a+x)^2+z^2}}K(\frac{2\sqrt{...
- 31
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0
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214
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How to calculate the integral of a product of a spherical Hankel function with associated Legendre polynomials
From numerical experiments in Mathematica, I have found the following expression for the integral:
$$
\int_{-1}^{1}h_{n}^{(1)}\left(\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}+2ab\tau}\right)P_{n}^{m}\left(\frac{a\tau+b}{\sqrt{...
- 31
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0
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153
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What's the convergence condition for the generating function formula of Legendre polynomials?
What is the convergence condition of the next infinite series about the Legendre polynomials $P_n(x)$?
$$
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-2xt+t^2}}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty P_n(x)t^n
$$
I know it is convergent at least ...
- 1
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1
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509
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Generating function of the product of Legendre polynomials
The generating function of the product of Legendre polynomials for the same $n$ is given by
\begin{aligned}
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} z^{n} \mathrm{P}_{n}(\cos \alpha) \mathrm{P}_{n}(\cos \beta)&=\frac{\...
- 43
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178
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Properties of a function $C_\ell(\ell)$ which checks an inequality in ideal case (decreasing assumption) and after estimating impact in general case
Suppose that
$X=2 \ell+1, Y=C_{\ell}$, both $X$ and $Y$ are function of $\ell$, $X$ is increasing and $Y$ is assuming to be decreasing.
But in reality, my data follow a $C_\ell$ increasing for a small ...
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Defining Legendre polynomials in terms of a sinusoidal function for $|x| \leq 1$
Would it be possible to define Legendre polynomials in terms of a sinusoidal function for $|x|\leq 1$ in a similar manner to Chebyshev polynomials being defined as $T_n(x) = \cos(n \cos^{-1}(x))$?
...
user350178
5
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2
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3k
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Proof of spherical harmonic addition theorem
(Reposted from here and will be removed on this site if answered on MSE)
I have been trying to prove that
$$
P_\ell(\cos\gamma)=\frac{4\pi}{2\ell+1}\sum_{m=-\ell}^\ell Y_{\ell m}^{*}(\theta', \phi')Y_{...
user161698
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3
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How to obtain the asymptotics of Legendre polynomials directly from their generating function
I'm reading about Legendre polynomials for additional information since it is interesting to know! Moreover it would help me with
a task I am working on. See
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/...
- 143
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0
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Integral of Legendre's function
Is there any formula for computing the following integral $$\int_a^1(P^m_l)^2(x)\,dx \, ,\text{with} -1<a<1$$
where $P^m_l$ is the associated Legendre's function (of the first kind) of order $m\...
- 61
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1
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394
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Closed form for the integral of a squared Legendre function
Is there a closed form for the integral $$\int_0^{\pi/2}(P_\nu^\mu(\cos\theta))^2\,\mathrm d\theta,\quad\mu>\nu\gt-\frac12$$ where $P_\nu^\mu(x)$ is the associated Legendre function of the first ...
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Computing the integral $\int_{-1}^1 dx \, |x| J_0(\alpha \sqrt{1 - x^2}) P_\ell(x)$
I would like to compute the following integral:
$$
I_\ell(\alpha) := \int_{-1}^1 dx \, |x| J_0(\alpha \sqrt{1 - x^2}) P_\ell(x)
\tag{1}
\label{1}
$$
where $\alpha \geq 0$, $J_0$ is the zeroth-order ...
- 159
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1
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753
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Bounds for associated Legendre polynomials
I am trying to analyze the behaviour of the Associated Legendre polynomials $P_{n}^{m}$ on $[0,1]$. More specifically, I am trying to get upper bounds for $P_{n}^{m}$ on $[0,1]$. Bernstein's ...
- 399
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483
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A recurrence formula for the Legendre function $P_\mu^\nu(x)$
Im looking for a recurrence formula of type:
$$(\mu-\nu) x P_\mu^\nu(x) + P_{\mu-1}^\nu(x)=?, \quad \mu,\nu\in \mathbb R$$
where $P_\mu^\nu(x)$ is the Legendre function of the first kind (solution to ...
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293
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$L^p$-convergence of truncated Legendre series approximation to inverse error function $\text{erfinv}$
Bounding the $L^p$-error for an $n$-th order Legendre series approximation
I have function $f\,\colon (-1, 1) \to \mathbb{R}$ where $f \in L^q(-1, 1)$ for any $q \geq 1$. I approximate $f$ using a ...
- 201
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206
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Any good references on the decay rate of Legendre coefficient?
Let $P_n:[-1,1]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be the $n$-th Legendre Polynomial. and, let
$$a_n:=\int_{-1}^1 f(t) P_n(t)\, dt$$
for some $f:[-1,1]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$.
Are there any good references on the ...
- 469
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1
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594
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Gegenbauer's addition theorem for Jacobi polynomials
I have the following identity,
$$\int_{-1}^{1} \! dz \, j_0\bigl(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2 - 2xy z}\bigr) \, P_n(z)
= 2 \, j_n(x) \, j_n(y) \;,$$
where $x, y > 0$, $P_n$ is a Legendre polynomial, and $...
user114668
1
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1
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463
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Generate a two-variable polynomial from its "roots [closed]
I know, from mathematics basis, that a polynomial with one variable can be factor in function of its roots, so I can generate any one-variable polynomial from its zeros.
But I want know if is ...
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Convergence of the series of Legendre polynomials
Consider the generating function of Legendre polynomials:
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - 2xt + t^2}} = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0} P_n(x)t^n$$
Is it true that for $0<x<1, t=1$ series of Legendre ...
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Orthogonal functions and linear operators
Consider the following function $f: [-1,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, expanded in terms of Legendre functions,
$$
f(y;\boldsymbol{\beta}) = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} \beta_i P_i(y)
$$
where $\boldsymbol{\beta}...
- 69
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Legendre Polynomial Integral over half space
I need to compute the following integral
$$
I_{n,m} := \int_0^1 P_n(x) P_m(x) \; \mathrm{d}x
$$
where $P_n$ is the Legendre polynomial.
For an even sum $n+m=2l$ it is easy to show that
$$
I_{n,m} = \...
- 213
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Integral with Legendre polynomial
Let $n$ be an integer $\geq 2$ and let $p_n(x)=\displaystyle \frac{1}{n!}(x^n(1-x)^n)^{(n)}$ be a Legendre polynomial.
Let $k $ be a positive integer.
I would like know if there is a closed formula (...
- 417
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Looking for bound in integral involving Legendre polynomial
I'm looking for an upper bound to the following integral or equivalent when $n$ leads to $ +\infty $ to the following expression
$$I_n:=\left|\int_{0}^1 \int_{0}^1 \frac{p_n(x) p_n(y)}{(1-xy)} dx dy ...
- 417
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2
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Integral formula involving Legendre polynomial
I would like a proof of the following equation below, where $(P_n)$ denotes Legendre polynomials. I guess this formula to hold; I checked the first several values.
\begin{equation}
\int_{-1}^{1}\sqrt{...
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2
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Legendre equation: An interpretation [closed]
I am a student of physics and, especially in quantum mechanics, we are presented with the Legendre equation:
\begin{eqnarray}
(1-x^2)y''-2xy'+l(l+1)y=0.
\end{eqnarray}
Doing some calculations, we ...
2
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1
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212
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Integration of hypergeometric product for legendre polynomials
I'm looking for a general solution to the integral:
$\int_{0}^1 {_2}F_1(m-n,m+n+1,m+1;z){_2}F_1(m-k+1,m+k+2,m+2;z) dz$
where $m,n,k\in \mathbb{N}$ and $m\leqslant n$ and $m+1 \leqslant k$.
To give ...
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0
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Rate of convergence of generalized polynomial chaos
Let $\eta=g(\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_M)$ be a random variable expressed as a function of the random vector $\xi=(\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_M)$. Assume that $\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_M$ are absolutely continuous and ...
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Identity for the product of two different associated Legendre polynomials
In the answer to Clausen’s identity for associated Legendre polynomials the following result was indicated:
$$
\small{\left(P_n^m(\cos\theta)\right)^2=(\sin{\theta})^{2m}\frac{(m+n)!}{(n-m)!}\sum_{k=0}...
- 16.5k
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Clausen’s identity for associated Legendre polynomials
Clausen’s identity for Legendre polynomials has the form (see, for example,
A generating function of the squares of Legendre polynomials, by Wadim Zudilin: https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.2493)
$$P_n(\cos{\...
- 16.5k
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1
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Bounds on Legendre polynomials on the complex plane
Let $P_n$ be the Legendre polynomial of degree $n$. Could you suggest me some references to bound the polynomials on the complex plane (near the real line in particular) ? More specifically, I need to ...
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Relation between Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials
Where I could find relationships between Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials?
For example I found with maple
$$ P_n(\cos\theta)=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^{n+k}\frac{2-\delta_{k0}}{4^n}
\binom{n-k}{\frac{n-k}{2}...
- 573
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0
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495
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Formula of Laplace for the asymptotic expansion of Legendre polynomials
According to the so-called formula of Laplace (see, e.g., [1, Theorem 8.21.2]), Legendre polynomials admit the following asymptotic expansion:
$$
P_n(\cos\theta) = \sqrt{2} (\pi n\sin\theta)^{-\frac12}...
- 837
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Legendre functions as Hypergeometric functions
Is there some approximation or regularization that goes in tacitly in the following equality:
$Q_{\lambda }(z) = \frac{\sqrt{\pi } \Gamma (\lambda +1)}{2^{\lambda +1} \Gamma \left(\lambda +\frac{3}{2}...
- 183
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Legendre expansion of $r(x) = f(x)/g(x)$ using a finite number of samples from $f(x)$ and $g(x)$
I have two finite sets of events $\{x_1, ..., x_N\}$ and $\{y_1, ..., y_N\}$ that are sampled from the PDFs $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, respectively, where $x \in [-1,+1]$. I want to estimate the Legendre ...
- 21
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0
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Expansion of prolate spheroidal harmonics
For two coordinate frames $O'$ and $O''$ both offset along the $z$-axis by $\pm R$ respectively, with corresponding offset spherical coordinates $r'$, $\theta'$, $r''$ and $\theta''$, and with prolate ...
- 573
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2
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1k
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Recurrence of Legendre polynomial roots/ quadrature points
Consider Legendre polynomials $p_n (x)$ on $[-1,1]$. For each $n \in \mathbb{N}$ we denote the zeros of $p_n (x)$ by $\left( x_j ^{(n)} \right) _{j=1} ^n$.
We know that these roots are distinct, and ...
- 3,574
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1
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1k
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Integrals involving associated legendre polynomials
Do the following integrals have a closed-form solution for any integer value of $m,l,k$ and $n$?
$\int^{\pi}_{0} P^{m}_{l}\left(\cos\theta\right)P^{n}_{k}\left(\cos\theta\right)\cot\theta d\theta$
$\...
7
votes
2
answers
5k
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Legendre Polynomial Integral
How can I evaluate
$$ \int_{-1}^1 P_n(x)P_l(x)x^k dx $$
when $k$ is even?
Or what might be a source where I could find integrals like this?
- 573
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2
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834
views
Symmetric matrix formula for Gauss-Legendre quadrature
While searching the web, I came across the following algorithm for the Gauss-Legendre quadrature. I wasn't able to find a reference or a proof of my own as to why it works. I'll present it, and the ...
- 3,574
4
votes
1
answer
853
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Reference for the exponential decay of Legendre coefficients
In Short: I look for a reference to the proof that the spectral coefficients in the Legendre (or Jacobi) expansion are of exponential decay rate.
Longer: If $p_n$ is the $n$-th Legendre polynomial, ...
- 3,574
1
vote
0
answers
499
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Legendre equation with homogeneous boundary condition
I'm looking for solutions to the Legendre differential equation
$$
\frac{d}{dx}\left((1-x^2)\frac{d}{dx}f(x)\right)+(\alpha-1)\alpha f(x)=0
$$
with boundary conditions $f'(0)=0$ and $f(1)=0$, but ...
- 320
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votes
4
answers
1k
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Maximum of the Vandermonde determinant / minimum of the logarithmic energy
The problem is to find the asymptotics (as $n\to\infty$) of the maximum (say $M_n$) of the Vandermonde determinant
$$V_n:=\prod_{0\le i<j\le n-1}(a_j-a_i)
$$
over all $a_0,\dots,a_{n-1}$ such ...
- 128k
14
votes
2
answers
2k
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Computing Gauss Legendre quadrature for large $N$
I've been scanning across the web, and haven't found a good method to compute the Gauss Legendre abscissas and weights $\{ x_j, w^j \} _{j=1}^N$ for large $N\in\mathbb{N}$. My question is how to do it,...
- 3,574
0
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1
answer
137
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Equality cannot hold unless $x \in \{-1,1\}$ and/or Wronskian is not zero [closed]
By playing around with assoc. Legendre polynomials, I arrived at
$$((l+1)+m) (P_l^m(x))^2+((l+1)-m)(P_{l+1}^m(x))^2 = 2(l+1)x P_l^m(x)P_{l+1}^m(x).$$
Now, I want to show that we don't have equality ...
- 3
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votes
1
answer
502
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Integral Transform with associated Legendre Function of second kind as kernel
In my research the following equation appeared:
$$\frac{1}{4\pi}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{t^{s-1}(1-t)^{s-1}}{(\rho-t)^s}dt=\int_0^{\infty} f(a) Q^{i\sqrt{a}}_{s-1}(2\rho-1) da,$$
where $\rho,s>1$, $Q^{\...
- 15