All Questions
10,049 questions
13
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Does anybody know if the Fourier algebra of SL(3,Z) has an approximate identity?
(Note to those who like to tidy LaTeX, or ${\rm \LaTeX}$: I kindly request that you don't put any LaTeX in the title of this question, nor change the bolds below to blackboard bold.)$\newcommand{\FA}{{...
- 25.8k
13
votes
0
answers
483
views
Where to use differential calculus on space of measures?
One great inside of Felix Otto is that the Wasserstein metric from optimal transportation gives the space of (finite second moment, probability) measures on $\mathbb{R}^n$ (or a manifold) a kind of ...
- 14.4k
13
votes
0
answers
564
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Symmetric (extended) Haagerup tensor product
Given a von Neumann algebra M, then the weak$^*$ (or extended) Haagerup tensor product of M with itself is the collection of $\tau\in M\overline\otimes M$ with $$\tau=\sum_i x_i\otimes y_i$$ the sum ...
- 18.7k
13
votes
0
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816
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How hard is it to make a differential operator Hermitian?
Let $M$ be a closed finite-dimensional smooth manifold (over $\mathbb R$). Let $C^\infty(M) = C^\infty(M,\mathbb C)$ be the algebra of smooth complex-valued functions on $M$, with the natural complex ...
- 54.6k
12
votes
3
answers
16k
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Dual space of $\ell^\infty$
Why can the elements of the dual space of $\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)$ be represented as sums of elements of $\ell^1(\mathbb N)$ and Null$(c_0)$?
<hr:
EDIT: As confirmed in the comments, the OP ...
- 169
12
votes
2
answers
3k
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Does there exist an isometry between $L^p$ and $l^p$?
The motivation is simple, as it is trivially right when $p=2$. When considering the duality between $L^p$ ($l^p$) and $L^q$ ($l^q$) when $p$ and $q$ are conjugate in the sense that $1/p+1/q=1$, I ...
- 619
12
votes
3
answers
2k
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To what extent is convexity a local property?
A polyhedron is the intersection of a finite collection of halfspaces. These halfspaces are not assumed to be linear, i.e. their bounding hyperplanes are not assumed to contain the origin. The ...
- 1,846
12
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2
answers
1k
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Matrix inequality $(A-B)^2 \leq c (A+B)^2$ ?
Let A and B be positive semidefinite matrices. It is not hard to see that $(A-B)^2 \leq 2A^2 + 2B^2$. In fact, $2A^2 + 2B^2 - (A-B)^2 = (A+B)^2$ is positive semidefinite.
My question is: Is there a ...
- 123
12
votes
3
answers
564
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Description of $\big(\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)\big)^{\!*}$ via ultrafilters
Let $\beta\mathbb N$ is the set of ultrafilters on $\mathbb N$ and $\mathscr F\in\beta\mathbb N$. Assume that $l_{\mathscr F}\in\big(\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)\big)^{\!*}$ is the functional which assigns ...
- 2,933
12
votes
5
answers
1k
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Examples of metric spaces with measurable midpoints
Given a (separable complete) metric space $X=(X,d)$, let us say $X$ has the measurable (resp. continuous) midpoint property if there exists a measurable (resp. continuous) mapping $m:X \times X \to X$ ...
- 6,853
12
votes
2
answers
3k
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Does there exist an event independent of a given sigma-algebra?
The following question came up in a discussion with my advisor:
Let $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb P)$ be a non-trivial probability space, and suppose that $\mathcal G$ is a proper sub-$\sigma$-...
- 8,512
12
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Banach spaces $X$ with $\ell_2(X)$ not isomorphic to $L_2([0,1],X)$
Let $X$ be a Banach space. I think that some time ago I read somewhere that, in general, the space $\ell_2(X)$ of all sequences $(x_n)$ in $X$ with $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \|x_n\|^2<\infty$ is not ...
- 4,461
12
votes
2
answers
3k
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Direct proof of injectivity of $L_\infty$
I would like to know a simple proof of isometric injectivity of $L_\infty$. The proof I've found in Topics in Banach space theory. F. Albiac, N. Kalton uses two deep result.
$L_\infty$ as ...
- 1,697
12
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Low-degree polynomial approximation of the piecewise-linear function $x \mapsto \max(x, 0)$ on an interval $x \in [-R,R]$
For $R > 0$, consider the piecewise-linear function $\sigma_R: [-R,R] \rightarrow \mathbb R^+$, defined by $\sigma_R(x) := \max(x,0)$.
Question
Given $\epsilon> 0$, find a "low-degree" ...
- 6,853
12
votes
3
answers
881
views
Bibliographic request concerning an article by Bernstein and Robinson
Concerning the article "Bernstein, Allen R.; Robinson, Abraham.
Solution of an invariant subspace problem of K. T. Smith and
P. R. Halmos. Pacific J. Math. 16 1966 421-431" I am interested in
finding ...
- 16.6k
12
votes
2
answers
1k
views
A variation of the Ryll-Nardzewski fixed point theorem
Is there a fixed-point theorem that implies the following result?
Let $F$ be a nonempty convex set of functions on a discrete group with values in $[0,1]$. Suppose $F$ is invariant with respect to ...
- 45k
12
votes
3
answers
3k
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elementwise functions of positive definite matrix
The fact that the Schur (that is, element wise) product of two positive definite (symmetric) matrices is positive definite immediately implies (using the convexity of the positive semi definite cone) ...
- 96.4k
12
votes
4
answers
1k
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Topologizing free abelian groups
For any set $S$ one can consider the free abelian group $\mathbb{Z}[S]$ generated by this set. Now suppose, there is a topology on $S$ given. Is it possible to find a topology on $\mathbb{Z}[S]$ in ...
- 11.1k
12
votes
2
answers
5k
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Where was/is Compensated Compactness used?
This last summer, I read up on Tartar's so called Method of Compensated Compactness (or at least how it applied to scalar conservation laws). I used this theory to prove the existence of $L^{\infty}$ ...
- 261
12
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1
answer
1k
views
What is the structure associated to almost-everywhere convergence?
Let $M(X)$ be the vector space (actually it's an algebra) of all equivalent classes of measurable functions $X\to \mathbb{C}$ (where $X$ is a measured space) modulo equality almost-everywhere.
One ...
- 549
12
votes
2
answers
948
views
Banach space modulo a one-dimensional subspace =?
My question is the following:
Given an infinite dimensional Banach space $E$ and a one-dimensional linear subspace $F\subset E$. It is well-known that this one-dimensional linear subspace is closed ...
- 987
12
votes
5
answers
2k
views
Analogue of Cayley Hamilton theorem for operators on Hilbert space
Is there an analogue of Cayley Hamilton theorem which holds for operators on a separable Hilbert space. Obviously the characteristic polynomial will be replaced by something else.
- 2,099
12
votes
1
answer
901
views
Is there a proof that the $C^{*}$-algebras don't see the invariant subspace problem?
This post is an appendix of this one.
Let $H$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space and $B(H)$ the algebra of bounded operators.
Invariant subspace problem: Let $T \in B(H)$. Is ...
12
votes
2
answers
606
views
Who first defined locally convex topological vector spaces?
Who first defined the class of locally convex topological vector spaces?
- 2,655
12
votes
2
answers
847
views
When is the closed unit ball in a smaller Banach space closed in a larger Banach space?
Recently I saw an interesting lemma:
For any $s>0$, the closed unit ball in $H^s$ is also closed in the $L^2$ norm. That is, suppose $u_j\in H^s$ and $\|u_j\|_{H^s}\le 1$. Suppose $u_j\to u$ in $L^...
- 5,169
12
votes
4
answers
11k
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The image of a measurable set under a measurable function.
Let $f:X \rightarrow (Y, \mathcal{Y})$ be an abstract function, with $\mathcal{Y}$ a $\sigma$-algebra on $Y$. Endow $X$ with $f^{-1}(\mathcal{Y})$. Is then $f(X)$ a measurable set in $Y$? If not, are ...
- 5,407
12
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Sard's Theorem For Banach Spaces
Given a smooth map from $\phi: B \rightarrow M$ where $B$ is a Banach Space and $M$ is a finite dimensional smooth manifold (for example, the end point map for a control system), what is the strongest ...
- 2,099
12
votes
4
answers
4k
views
Locally constant functions with compact support = smooth ?
Hello,
I have a trivial question, but I hope that you don't mind helping. I often get confused with basic definitions.
Let F be a p-adic field. Then (from what I understand) $C_c^{\infty}(F)$ is the ...
- 231
12
votes
2
answers
647
views
Do locally convex topological vector spaces embed into diffeological spaces?
The nLab casually remarks that locally convex tvs embed into diffeological spaces by (discussion around) a corollary in Kriegl and Michor, namely 3.14, but this deals with Boman's theorem and results ...
- 35.5k
12
votes
1
answer
306
views
Containment of $c_0$
I have the following question. I guess it's quite simple for experts.
Unfortunately, I could not come up with an answer yet.
Let $X$ be a Banach space which contains no copy of $c_0$.
Does it impply ...
- 225
12
votes
3
answers
870
views
Measure theory in nuclear spaces
Much of the literature on measure theory in linear spaces focuses on the case of normed linear spaces (e.g., the outstanding book by Vakhania, or its sequel). However, nuclear linear spaces "as far ...
- 8,512
12
votes
3
answers
2k
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Relevance of the complex structure of a function algebra for capturing the topology on a space.
This question is the outcome of a few naive thoughts, without reading the proof of Gelfand-Neumark theorem.
Given a compact Hausdorff space $X$, the algebra of complex continuous functions on it is ...
- 3,699
12
votes
1
answer
474
views
How many subspaces are generated by three or more subspaces in a Hilbert space?
In the book of Garrett Birkhoff "lattice theory", it is mentioned that there are 28 subspaces that can be obtained from three subspaces in general position in a Hilbert space (using ...
- 18.7k
12
votes
3
answers
2k
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Compactness of the set of densities of equivalent martingale measures
Consider an incomplete market $(\Omega,\mathcal F,\mathbb P)$ driven by a semimartingale $S=(S_t)_{t\in[0,T]}$. Under the no free lunch under vanishing risk (NFLVR) assumption, the set $\mathcal P^\...
- 243
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3
answers
2k
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Reference request: Simple facts about vector-valued Sobolev space
Let $V,H$ be separable Hilbert spaces such that there are dense injections $V \hookrightarrow H \hookrightarrow V^*$. (For example, $H = L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $V = H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $V^* = H^{-1}(\...
- 29.8k
12
votes
1
answer
727
views
A generalization of Rubio de Francia's inequality
Suppose that $\{I_m\}$ is a sequence of pairwise disjoint intervals in $\mathbb{Z}$. The well known Rubio de Francia's inequality says that for any function $f\in L^p(\mathbb{T})$, $2\le p<\infty$, ...
12
votes
1
answer
2k
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Making sense of "every non-commutative algebra has its own internal time evolution (aka a one-parameter group)"?
I've listened to many interviews and lectures of Alain Connes, in which he says something which goes roughly as follows
"Every non-commutative algebra has its own time (evolution of), by which I ...
- 6,853
12
votes
1
answer
230
views
History of publication of von Neumann's characterization of orthogonally invariant matrix norms
Von Neumann has a result (rather well-known in convex analysis circles) which states that every orthogonally invariant matrix norm (meaning $\| P M Q\| = \| M \|,$ for any orthogonal $P, Q$) is a ...
- 96.4k
12
votes
1
answer
498
views
Completely positive maps-equivalent definition
The most usual definition of the completely positive map (c.p.) between two C*-algebras (say, unital) is the following: $\sigma: A \to B$ should satisfy $\sigma(1)=1$ and for each $n \in \mathbb{N}$ ...
- 9,330
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3
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1k
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Drawing conclusions by NOT using AC.
The existence of non-measurable subsets and functions on $\mathbb{R}$ require the use of the axiom of choice. That is, there exist models of ZF in which all subsets of (and hence all functions defined ...
- 4,790
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3
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1k
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What's algebraic approach to QM good for?
The algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics (and related stuff, like quantum thermodynamics & dynamical systems etc.) via C*-algebras provides a viewpoint based mostly on abstract functional ...
- 3,323
12
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1
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395
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Is $X\times X$ homeomorphic to $X$ for a space of probability measures?
Let $\mathcal M_1(S)$ be the (compact, metrizable) space of probability Borel measures on the circle $S=\{z\in\mathbb C: |z|=1\}$ with its weak $*$ topology, so $\mu_n\to\mu$ if and only if
$$
\int_S ...
- 24.2k
12
votes
3
answers
891
views
Notations for dual spaces and dual operators
I'm asking for opinions about the 'best' notations for:
1. the algebraic dual of a vector space $X$;
2. the continuous dual of a TVS;
3. the algebraic dual (transpose) of an operator $T$ between ...
12
votes
1
answer
2k
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Comparing Krein-Rutman theorem and Perron–Frobenius theorem
Krein–Rutman theorem is a generalization of Perron–Frobenius theorem, I know that things could be more subtle in infinite dimension, yet there's an important result in Perron–Frobenius that's missing ...
- 273
12
votes
3
answers
646
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Radii and centers in Banach spaces
Suppose I have a Banach space $V$ and a set $A \subseteq V$ such that for all $\epsilon > 0$ there exists $v$ such that $A \subseteq \overline{B}(v, r + \epsilon)$. Does there exist $c$ such that $...
- 1,331
12
votes
1
answer
402
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Boundedness of sequences and cardinality
Let $X$ be a set of sequences of real numbers that converge to zero with the property that for any unbounded sequence of real numbers $(y_n)$, there is a sequence $(x_n)$ in $X$ for which the ...
- 121
12
votes
1
answer
467
views
Subtracting the weak limit reduces the norm in the limit
Question
Let $X$ be some reflexive Banach space. Suppose $x_n$ is some sequence in $X$ that weak converges to some $y \neq 0$. Is it the case that
$$ \limsup \|x_n - y\| < \limsup \|x_n\| ?$$
...
- 39.1k
12
votes
1
answer
1k
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Decomposition of positive definite matrices.
It is known that a $n^2 \times n^2$ positive semidefinite matrix $A$ cannot always be written as a finite sum
$$
A=\sum_{j} B_j \otimes C_j
$$
with $B_j$ and $C_j$ positive semidefinite matrices (of ...
12
votes
4
answers
877
views
Can you describe the image of the exponential map $B(H)\to B(H)$?
James Tener asks at the 20-questions seminar:
The exponential map $\exp:B(H)\to B(H)$ is just defined by its Taylor series. Can you describe its image?
- 1,059
12
votes
2
answers
679
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Non-sequential spaces in the wild
TLDR: What are examples of (function-)spaces that are not sequential? When does this matter?
As a simple analyst, I am most happy if I can just work with sequences all the time. In most situations ...
- 779