All Questions
Tagged with real-analysis fa.functional-analysis
1,447 questions
1
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1
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366
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Can $X^*$ characterize a smooth norm on $X$?
I conjecture following statement in the Banach space $X$ with norm $\|.\|$.
Let $B \subseteq X$ be the unit closed ball in $X$ then,
$\|.\|$ is smooth, in sense $\|.\|$ is differentiable at any ...
- 369
2
votes
1
answer
246
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Does this sequence contain a nonnegative number?
Let $G$ be a (discrete) torsion free group with identity $e$. Recall that for an element $\alpha=\sum a_gg$ in $\mathbb C[G]$ (complex functions on $G$ with compact support), $\alpha^*$ is defined to ...
- 2,118
3
votes
1
answer
173
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Weak Lebesgue spaces and an estimate for BV functions
Let $u \in BV(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N, \mathbb{R}^N)$. Is it true that there exists a function $f$ in the weak $L^1$ space such that
$$|u(y)-u(x)| \le |x-y|\big|f(y) - f(x)\big|$$
holds for a.e. $...
- 839
0
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0
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135
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Help showing F is weakly lower semicontinuous
Given a compact subset $\Omega$ of $\mathbb{R}^N$, I wonder if $$F(u)=\int_\Omega f(u)\ dx =\int_\Omega (1-|u|^2)^2\ dx$$ is weakly lower semicontinuous (w.l.s.c) on $H^1(\Omega)$, meaning that if $\...
- 383
1
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1
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138
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How to prove the following Whittaker formula
I am a theoretical physicist and
I need help in proving the alternate Whittaker formula
$W _ { k , m } ( z ) = \frac { \Gamma ( - 2 m ) } { \Gamma \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } - m - k \right) } M _ { k , ...
- 113
4
votes
1
answer
145
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Power series in functions other than monomials
I would like to understand how approximations by monomials and approximations by other kinds of functions are related which I illustrate with an example.
Consider the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$ let's say.
...
- 536
2
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0
answers
97
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Prove that this integral operator is onto
Let us consider the operator $T$ defined by$$\eqalign{
& T:{L^2}((a,b) \times (c,d)) \to {L^2}((c,d)) \cr
& Tf(s,x) \mapsto \int\limits_{q(x)}^{p(x)} {f(\alpha (s,x),s)ds} \cr} $$
where ...
- 617
5
votes
1
answer
669
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Compact operators on $\ell^1$
Let $T$ be a compact symmetric operator on $\ell^2$ and $T\vert_{\ell^1}$ be bounded on $\ell^1$. Are there any non-trivial conditions that $T\vert_{\ell^1}$ is compact as well (for example would $T$ ...
- 329
2
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0
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240
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Discrete Sobolev embedding
It is true in one dimension that $H^1$ is continuously embedded in $L^{\infty}.$
Now, consider a compact interval $[0,1]$ with a partition $I_n:=([m/n,(m+1)/n])_{m \in \left\{0,...,n-1 \right\}}$ and ...
2
votes
1
answer
963
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Is the Delta distribution a continuous functional on $H^1(\mathbb{R})$? [closed]
While it is easy to see that $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ are Hölder $1/2$-continuous, I started wondering whether this implies that $\delta_x(\varphi)=\varphi(x)$ is continuous as a functional
$$\delta_x:H^1(\...
- 95
0
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0
answers
324
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Adjoint of differential equation
Motivation: Consider the ODE
$$y'(t)=Ay(t)$$ then it is true that the flow satisfies $\Phi(t)y_0=e^{tA}y_0$ and the adjoint of the flow is a solution to the adjoint equation
$$y'(t)=A^*y(t).$$
I ...
- 83
0
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2
answers
388
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Derivative of fractional Laplacian is the fractional Laplacian of the derivative
Is it true that $$\partial_x ((-\Delta)^s u(x)) = ((-\Delta)^s \partial_x
u(x))?$$
user104647
1
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1
answer
83
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Reference request for (weak*) metrizability of a bounded space of signed Radon measures on a compact set
I know the following is true and I know how to prove it (cf. exercise 50 on page 171 in Folland, Theorem 7.18 in Folland), but per my adviser's instructions, it would be better to find a source to ...
- 401
-1
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1
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70
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Is this kind of interpolation correct?
Let $f=\sum f_j$ be a finite sum. Assume that
$$ \|f\|_2\le(\sum\|f_j\|_2^2)^\frac12$$
$$\|f\|_\infty\le C\max_j\|f_j\|_\infty$$
Then can we conclude that for $2<p<\infty$
$$\|f\|_p\le C^{1-\...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
116
views
Integrable function [closed]
Suppose that $a, b, c_1$ and $c_2$ are real constant.
Is there the necessary and sufficient conditions of $a ,b, c_1,c_2 $ for the following integration is integrable? i.e.
$$\int_1^{\infty}\int_1^{\...
- 119
2
votes
1
answer
177
views
For every table of interpolating nodes, there is a positive continuous function whose interpolating polynomials are not positive infinitely often
Fix an interval $[a,b]$. Is it true that for every table of interpolating nodes $\{x_{0,n},x_{1,n}...,x_{n,n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, there exists a continuous function $f:[a,b]\to (0,\infty)$ such that ...
- 1,209
1
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0
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389
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The perturbation of a convex function can also be convex?
$ W^{1,\infty}(D)\ni f:D\to\mathbb R, (x,y)\mapsto f(x,y)$, is a strictly increasing on both dimensions (i.e. if $x_1>x_2$ then $f(x_1,y)>f(x_2,y)$), lipschitz continuous function defined on a ...
- 263
4
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1
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700
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Is $L^1(\Omega)$ continuous embedded in the dual of $H^m(\Omega)$ $(m>\frac{d}{2})$?
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain of $R^d$ with Lipschitz boundary. If $m>\frac{d}{2}$, such that $H^m(\Omega)$ is continuously embedded in $L^\infty(\Omega)$. Is $L^1(\Omega)$ continuously embedded ...
- 43
2
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0
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77
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Homomorphism of composition to additive structure
Consider the following topological groups
$\operatorname{Homeo}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ be the topological group of all homeomorphism from $\mathbb{R}^d$ onto itself; equipped with the compact-open topology (...
- 5,405
3
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0
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235
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Chern number of projection-Topological magic in physics
I enclosed a computation from a well-known paper in the field of mathematical physics where the Chern number of the first Landau level is computed (the result claimed is $-1$) and the full paper can ...
- 31
5
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0
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262
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Weighted reverse Poincare inequality over a function class of neural networks
We consider a probability measure supported on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^n$, whose density is $p(x)$. We also consider a (one-layer) neural network function class $\mathcal{C}$, whose elements have ...
- 325
1
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1
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337
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Bochner measurable; continuous operator
It is well-known that if there is a function $f: \Omega \subset \mathbb R^n \rightarrow X$ with $\Omega$ open and $X$ is a Hilbert space, then continuity of $f$ implies also Bochner measurability of $...
- 536
1
vote
2
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434
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Prove a $C^{\infty}$ multivariable function is lipchitz via Jacobian matrix [closed]
I would like to prove a real $C^{\infty}$(polynomial) multivariable function $F : (a_1,a_2,...a_n) \rightarrow (b_1,b_2,...b_n) $ is lipchitz of parameter $l$
is it sufficient to prove the norm of ...
- 159
3
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1
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117
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The optimal asymptotic behavior of the coefficient in the Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequality
It is well-known that for $f \in L^1(\mathbb{R^n})$,$\mu(x \in \mathbb{R^n} | Mf(x) > \lambda) \le \frac{C_n}{\lambda} \int_{\mathbb{R^n}} |f| \mathrm{d\mu}$, where $C_n$ is a constant only depends ...
-3
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1
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392
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A generalization of Chebyshev's sum inequality
From some my previous questions here and here and well-known rearrangement inequality. I pose an inequality as follows and I am looking for the proof or a reference.
Inequality: Let $y=f(x,y)$ is ...
- 1,776
0
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0
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85
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Could the convex hull of $\operatorname{Lip}_1(\mathbb R)$ be dense in $\operatorname{Lip}_1(\mathbb R^d)$?
$\DeclareMathOperator\Lip{Lip}$My problem is slightly different from the title, but I don't have a more straightforward title. Sorry for that.
For $d\ge 1$, denote $\mathbb S^{d-1}:=\{x\in\mathbb R^...
user128095
1
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2
answers
275
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A min-max approximation
Let $n\ge 1$ be an integer, $\mathcal P_n$ be the vector space of all polynomial functions over $[a,b]$, of degree at most $n$.
My question is : Is it true that
$$\inf_{x_0,x_1,...,x_n\in[a,b], x_0&...
- 1,209
1
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1
answer
211
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Approximation of functions by tensor products
Given a function $f(x,y)\in L^p(R^d;L^\infty(B_R))$ with $1<p<\infty$, where $B_R:=\{y\in R^d: |y|\le R\}$, can we find a sequence of functions $f_n$ of the form $f_n(x,y)=\sum_{i=1}^ng_i(x)h_i(...
- 411
2
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1
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300
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Optimal control theory of PDEs
This is a somewhat openly phrased question because I am not quite sure what has been done in that direction.
Imagine one has two evolution equations
$$\partial_t u = p(x,\partial_x,f)u$$
$$\...
- 536
0
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0
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91
views
Does $L^1$ convergence preserve the regularity of this sequence of functions?
Let $f_n$ be a sequence of $L^1(]0,1[)$ functions such that $f_n$ is non-decreasing, at least left-continuous, $f_n(0^+) <0$, $f_n(1^-) >0$, for all $n \in \mathbb N$. This sequence converges
$...
- 143
2
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2
answers
150
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Approximately complemented subspaces
Definition:
Suppose $E$ is a subspace of normed space $X$. Then $E$ is approximately complemented in $X$ if for any compact subset $K$ of $E$ and any $\epsilon>0$ there is a continuous linear ...
- 209
7
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1
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1k
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Fourier transform surjective on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $p \in (1,2)$?
I know that $F_2:L^2 \rightarrow L^2$ is of course unitary, whereas $F_1:L^1 \rightarrow C_0$ is injective but not surjective. This can be seen by looking at the dual map.
Riesz-Thorin gives us that ...
- 85
2
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1
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162
views
On the continuity and injective-ness of Gauss quadrature scheme for numerical integration, with weight function identically $1$
Fix an integer $n\ge 2$. Let $[a,b]$ be an interval and $f: [a,b]\to \mathbb R$ be a continuous function and for $x_1,...,x_n$ being the Gaussian Quadrature nodes in $[a,b]$, and Gaussian Quadrature ...
- 1,209
4
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1
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202
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Removable set for Sobolev space
It is well known that if $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$ open, $F\subset\Omega$ closed, such that $\mathcal{H}^{N−1}(F)=0$,where $\mathcal{H}^{N−1}$ denotes (N-1) dimensional Hausdorff measure, then $W^{...
- 43
-1
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1
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102
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Compactness of a special kind of Integral operators
Let $(S(t))_{t>0}$ be a continuous operator from $L^2(0,1)$ to its self and Let $K$ be the operator $$\eqalign{
& K:{L^2}(0,1) \to {L^2}(0,1) \cr
& f: \to (Kf)(x) = \int\limits_0^1 {k(...
- 617
2
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1
answer
268
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Monotonicity of the Hellinger integral/distance
Let $p$ and $q$ be probability densities on $\mathbb R$, with respect to the Lebesgue measure $dx$. The corresponding Hellinger integral and distance are
$H(p,q):=\int_{\mathbb R}\sqrt{pq}\,dx$ and $\...
- 128k
1
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2
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333
views
What gives a "Parseval like" equation mixing cosine and sine Fourier transforms ?
Noting $\mathcal{F}^c$ the cosine transform and $\mathcal{F}^s$ the sine transform defined on real functions by:
$$\mathcal{F}^c [f (x)]=\int_0^{\infty} f(t) \cos(xt) dt $$
$$\mathcal{F}^s [f (x)]=\...
- 1,199
2
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0
answers
453
views
Is that correct $\mathbb R^2\cong\mathbb R$ as measurable spaces? [closed]
Is that correct $R^2\cong R$ as measurable spaces?
If we consider $R$ and $R^2$ with Borel $\sigma$-algebras, is there measurable map from $R$ to $R^2$ with measurable inverse?
- 29
3
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1
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308
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$f: [0,1]\rightarrow L^1(\Omega)$ as a (measurable?) function from $[0,1]\times \Omega\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$
Given a map from $\big([0,1], \mathcal{B}[0,1], m\big)$ to a Banach space $(X, \|\cdot \|)$. There are strong measurable functions (they are the point wise a.e. limit of simple functions) and weak ...
- 485
2
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2
answers
258
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Meromorphic extension of solutions to ODEs
I encountered the following question in my studies:
Let us assume we have a real anlaytic solution to an ODE on $\mathbb{R}$ of Schr\"odinger type
$-\psi''(x)+V(x)\psi(x)=\lambda \psi(x)$
but we ...
- 167
1
vote
1
answer
3k
views
Is point to set distance continuous?
Assume $\mathbf{d}:\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_0^+$ is a metric such that the function $\psi(x)=\mathbf{d}(x,y)$ for any $y\in\mathbb{R}^n$ is continuous in the Euclidean ...
- 27
3
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0
answers
171
views
Generalized family of Hölder inequalities
Is the "only if" direction of the following fact known?
For fixed sequences $(a)_i = a_1, \dots, a_r$, $(b)_i = b_1, \dots, b_r$ and $(c)_i = c_1, \dots, c_r$, the inequality $\prod_{i = 1}^...
- 31
12
votes
1
answer
927
views
On an Inequality of Lars Hörmander
Let $P(z)$ be a non-null complex polynomial in $\nu$ variables $z=(z_1,\dots,z_n)$ of degree $\mu$:
\begin{equation}
P(z)=\sum_{|\alpha| \leq \mu} c_{\alpha} z^{\alpha},
\end{equation}
where as usual ...
- 642
0
votes
3
answers
554
views
Converting a bounded metric into an unbounded metric
Suppose $d$ is a bounded metric on $X$, i.e. $d(x,y)< K<\infty$ for all $x,y\in X$. Is there a standard way to convert $d$ into another metric $\widetilde{d}$ on $X$ with the property that $\...
- 710
3
votes
1
answer
431
views
Can I approximate a function of bounded variation with orthogonal polynomial?
Let function $u\in BV(\Omega)$ be a function of bounded variation and $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^2$ be a smooth domain. I know it is possible to approximate function $u$ with polynomials, i.e.,
$$
u = \...
- 133
0
votes
0
answers
113
views
Conditions for the embedding of the space $L^\infty(I, W^{1,2}(U))$ into $L^\infty(I \times U)$
Let $I$ be a compact interval of $\mathbb{R}$ and $U$ be a bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^2$.
If $f \in L^\infty(I, W^{1,2}(U))$, what (non-trivial) condition ($L^p$-estimate on $f$ or decay-like ...
user123457
2
votes
1
answer
151
views
Rademacher‘s Theorem and Baire category
Is there a variant of Rademacher‘s Theorem where the smallness of the points of non-differentiability is measured in terms of Baire category instead of measure?
More precisely, let X be a separable ...
- 799
3
votes
1
answer
262
views
Can the $L^{\infty}\to L^{\infty}$ norm be bounded by the trace norm?
Let $k\in C(\mathbb{R}^2; \mathbb{R})$ be a continuous function. Suppose that the operator $K\colon L^2(\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow L^2(\mathbb{R})$ defined by the formula
$$(Kf)(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}} k(x,...
- 128k
2
votes
1
answer
546
views
Limit involving regularized gamma function and its inverse
Let
$$L(x)=Q\left(\frac{x}{2},\frac{a}{a+f(x)/\sqrt{x}}Q^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{2},1-b^{1/g(x)}\right)\right)$$
where $Q(s,x)=\frac{\Gamma(s,x)}{\Gamma(s)}$ is the upper incomplete gamma function $\Gamma(...
- 917
3
votes
0
answers
200
views
Largest weak(-like) topology with respect to which continuous functions are dense in the space of Borel functions
Let $X$ denote the space of bounded Borel functions $f\colon [0,1] \to \mathbb{R}$. Let $M$ denote the space of finite Borel measures on $[0,1]$. What is the largest family $F \subset M$ such that for ...
- 1,277