All Questions
Tagged with real-analysis limits-and-convergence
151 questions
3
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1
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91
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Boundedness and convergence
If I know that $\Phi_\varepsilon$ is bounded in $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{2d})$ and that $\nabla \Phi_\varepsilon$ is bounded in $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{2d})$, is it true that $\nabla \Phi_\varepsilon \...
- 128k
-1
votes
1
answer
236
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Natural candidates for sub-half-exponential which limit to half-exponential function from below
There are no closed form candidates for half-exponential functions "Closed-form" functions with half-exponential growth.
However sub-half-exponentials (functions whose composition grows ...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
59
views
Is $g = \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} f(\cdot - n)$ continuous if $f$ is vanishing, continuous, and integrable?
Let $f \in \mathcal{C}_0(\mathbb{R}) \cap L^1(\mathbb{R})$ be a continuous and integrable function such that $f(x) \rightarrow 0$ when $|x|\rightarrow \infty$.
The sequence of a functions $f_N = \sum_{...
- 2,306
3
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0
answers
205
views
Uniform limit of pointwise limits of continuous functions
Let $X$ be topological spaces, $Y$ a metric space and $(f_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ a sequence of functions, with $f_n:X\rightarrow Y$ pointwise limit of continuous functions for each $n\in\mathbb{N}$. ...
- 2,286
6
votes
1
answer
461
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A limit problem
Let $f$ be a bounded and continuous function, $0<a < 1$. $U(x,r)$ is the neighborhood of $x$ with diameter $r$. Can we prove the following equation of two limits
$$ \lim_{r\rightarrow 0} \sup_{...
- 1,848
2
votes
1
answer
150
views
How to compute this limit involving the associated Legendre function?
I am working on an eigenvalue problem whose general solutions involve the associated Legendre functions. Since the goal is to find bounded solutions, my question boils down to understanding the ...
- 188k
0
votes
1
answer
78
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Evaluating a limit at a discontinuity of a monotone rearrangment (distribution function)
I have a question that occurred to me and has been bothering me, because maybe graphically it seems obvious but I don't know how to get there. It has to do with the distribution function and monotone ...
- 128k
3
votes
1
answer
702
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$\{(\log n)^\alpha\}$ not equidistributed if $0<\alpha\leq 1$, so how is it distributed?
The brackets denote the fractional part function. It is well known that the distribution (defined as the limit of the empirical distribution) is $F(x)=(e^x - 1)/(e-1)$, with $x\in [0, 1]$, if $\alpha=...
- 3,098
28
votes
3
answers
2k
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Does $a_n=\prod^n_{k=1}(1-e^{k\alpha \pi i})$ converge to zero when $\alpha$ is irrational?
I came across a problem concerning about the convergence of products. I wonder if the complex series $a_n=\prod^n_{k=1}(1-e^{k\alpha \pi i})$ converges to zero when $\alpha$ is irrational. Of course, ...
- 43.7k
1
vote
1
answer
184
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Relation between two notions intermediate between “pointwise convergence” and “uniform convergence”
(I asked this on MSE a week ago, but did not get any answers there, so I'm trying here.)
Let $X$ be a topological space. I will define four ways in which a sequence $(f_n)$ of continuous functions $X ...
- 36
2
votes
0
answers
57
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Is the lattice of bounded Henstock Kurzweil integrable functions countably complete?
The set of HK integrable functions with an integrable upper bound $f$ forms a lattice, and satisfies the MCT and DCT. Does this mean that the lattice is countably complete?
Indexing any countable set, ...
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13
votes
1
answer
3k
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Behavior of $n^\alpha \sin^{\circ\, n}(n^{-\alpha}x)$
I'll write it formally: Let $\sin^{\circ\, 1}(x) = \sin(x)$ and $\sin^{\circ n+1}(x) = \sin\bigl(\sin^{\circ n}(x)\bigr)$ for $n\in \Bbb N$ with $n>1$.
What is the limit as $n \to \infty$?
It's ...
- 63.9k
0
votes
0
answers
67
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LLN of random nearest neighbor function
There are two samples of iid random variates: $X=\{X_1,X_2,...,X_n\}$ and $Y=\{Y_1,Y_2,...,Y_n\}$. Further, $\forall i,j: X_i$ is independent of $Y_j$. The probability distributions $P,Q$ are unknown ...
- 89
2
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1
answer
202
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Limiting behavior of lattice sums
I suspect that
$$ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{1}{\sqrt{i^2+j^2}} =a\approx 1.76$$
$$ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{1}{\sqrt{...
- 573
4
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1
answer
273
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How bad can pointwise convergence in $C$ be?
$\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R}$Consider the following construction. For real $u$, let
\begin{equation}
f(u):=\frac{2u^2}{1+u^4},
\end{equation}
so that the function $f\colon\R\to\R$ is continuous, $0\...
0
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0
answers
159
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Limiting property of polylogarithm ratio
I try (without success) to figure out what could be the following limit if any...
For real $s$ strictly $> 1$ and $x \rightarrow +\infty$ (x real) the limit of the polylogarithm ratio $\frac{Li_{s-...
CommunityBot
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114
votes
34
answers
86k
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Why do we teach calculus students the derivative as a limit?
I'm not teaching calculus right now, but I talk to someone who does, and the question that came up is why emphasize the $h \to 0$ definition of a derivative to calculus students?
Something a teacher ...
- 4,459
11
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1
answer
948
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Pointwise convergence imples uniform convergence in an infinite subset
I came upon this statement in a stack answer.
Statement :
If $f_n$ is a sequence of real valued functions (not necessarily continuous or measurable) on $[0,1]$ such that $f_n$ converges point-wise to $...
- 9,902
1
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0
answers
100
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$ \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \int_{E} \frac{f_{n}^{2}(x)}{1+f_{n}^{2}(x)} \mathrm{d} m=0 $ associated with convergence in measure [closed]
For $m E<+\infty$, why the sufficient and necessary condition of $\left\{f_{n}(x)\right\}$ converge in measure to $0$ is
$$
\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \int_{E} \frac{f_{n}^{2}(x)}{1+f_{n}^{2}(x)}...
- 6,367
1
vote
1
answer
267
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Limit points and Homeomorphism
I was asking this question at Mathematics SE but I got nothing at all. This is why I am trying this site.
We consider the topology of the extended real line. Let $h\colon [-\infty,\infty]\to\Bbb R$ ...
- 1,848
3
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1
answer
444
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Functions with at most linear growth at infinity: is the constant itself continuous?
I am considering the family $\mathcal{F}$ of functions $f \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ which have at most linear growth at infinity, that is there exists a constant $M_f$ such that
\begin{...
- 5,380
6
votes
0
answers
283
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Is the arithmetic-geometric mean of 1 and 2 rational?
It is easy to show that, for two fixed real numbers $\alpha, \beta > 0$, the sequences given by $a_ 1 = \frac{\alpha + \beta }{2}$, $ g_1 = \sqrt{\alpha\beta}$, and $a_{n+1} = \frac{a_n + g_n}{2}$, ...
- 161
1
vote
0
answers
79
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Convergence mode with inputs and functions varying in tandem
Given a sequence $(f_n)$ of functions between metric spaces, let's say that $f_n$ "converges flexibly" to $f$ if, whenever $x_n \to x$ is a convergent sequence of inputs, it follows that $...
- 143
5
votes
1
answer
618
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Is the harmonic series worse than any summable series?
It is well-known that the harmonic series is not summable. In some sense this means that it takes a lot of rather large values.
We define the operator $F_{\varepsilon}: \ell^{\infty}(\mathbb N) \...
- 128k
1
vote
1
answer
368
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Does the almost sure convergence of absolutely continuous r.v.'s imply the weak convergence of the pdf's in $(L^\infty)^*$?
The following question was asked in a comment at Almost sure convergence vs convergence of probability density functions :
Suppose that $(X_n)$ is a sequence of random variables (r.v.'s) converging ...
- 128k
1
vote
1
answer
164
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Conditions for pointwise convergence of indicators precomposed with uniformly continuous sequence
Let $X$ be a compact metric space, $\{\delta_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a strictly monotonically decreasing sequence in $[0,1]$ converging to $0$, and $\{h_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a uniformly convergence ...
- 128k
0
votes
0
answers
168
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Sequence of functions tending to zero in L^2
Let us consider a sequence of functions $f_n : (0,1)\times (0,1) \to \mathbb{R}$ in $L^2((0,1)\times (0,1))$ satisfying the following condition:
$$
\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\int_{1/j}^{1 - 1/j}\...
- 14.2k
2
votes
1
answer
137
views
Approximating a limit of an integral
How can we prove the following asymptotic lower bound for the regularized Beta function when $n\rightarrow\infty$?
$$\int_0^{1} I_{2 t - t^2}\left(\frac{n - 1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) dt=\Omega\left(\...
- 1,677
12
votes
1
answer
991
views
The geometric-mean factorial
Think of the factorial as $f(n) = n \odot (n-1) \odot \cdots \odot 2 \odot 1$,
where $\odot$ is the binary operator for multiplication, $\cdot$. This suggests exploring replacing
$\odot$ with other ...
CommunityBot
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2
votes
1
answer
260
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Squaring a semi-convergent series
Let $S=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$, be a semi-convergent series with $T=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n^2 < \infty$ and $\sum_{n=1}^\infty |a_n|=\infty$. Under which conditions are the following formulas valid? ...
- 128k
5
votes
1
answer
654
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Fréchet L-Spaces
According to the paper The emergence of open sets, closed sets, and limit points
in analysis and topology famous mathematician Maurice Fréchet who introduced the concept of metric spaces has also ...
- 12.7k
4
votes
2
answers
197
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Symmetry of one-sided partial derivatives
Consider some $f: [0,1)\times [0,1)\to \mathbb{R}$. I'm interested in conditions that guarantee that the following one-sided second partial derivatives at $(x,y)=(0,0)$ are symmetric:
$$
\partial_x^+ ...
- 3,312
3
votes
1
answer
266
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If subharmonic functions converge weakly to a subharmonic limit, why do their smoothings converge uniformly on compact sets?
Let $u_k$ be a sequence of subharmonic functions on an open set $X$ and $\psi_\delta$ a family of standard mollifiers with compact support. Hörmander claims in The Analysis of Linear Partial ...
- 91.8k
8
votes
1
answer
759
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Is there a real valued function whose limit exists only on irrational numbers?
I have been trying to find a function $f : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)$ exists when $c$ is irrational and the limit doesn't exist when $c$ is rational.
I tried variations ...
- 17.2k
1
vote
0
answers
78
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A question about extension problem related to fractional laplacian
I am studying the article "An Extension Problem Related to the Fractional Laplacian" by L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre. link. At page 2, for a function $f\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$, we ...
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5
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1
answer
234
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"Simple" condition that would prove a function transcendental
I've already asked the question on MSE but there are still no answers, so I'm going to ask it here.
I conjectured that for every algebraic function $f(x)$ that is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$, its $\...
- 153
1
vote
1
answer
438
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Some fun with special infinite nested radicals
Let us define the following functions:
$$f_n(x)=\sqrt{x^{n}-\sqrt{x^{n+1}- \sqrt{x^{n+2}-\cdots}}} $$
$$g_n(x)=\sqrt{x^{n}+\sqrt{x^{n+1}+ \sqrt{x^{n+2}+\cdots}}} $$
with $f(x)=f_1(x)$ and $g(x)=g_1(x)$...
- 3,098
2
votes
0
answers
126
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Mixed partial derivatives of planar functions converging to delta distribution
Given a sequence $(f_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}\subset C^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ of strictly positive functions $f_k\equiv f_k(x,y)$ with $\|f_k(x,\cdot)\|_{L^1}=1$ for all $x\in\mathbb{R}$ and such that for each $...
- 52.3k
1
vote
2
answers
194
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Continuity of the densities of a stochastic process
Let $X=(X_t)_{t\in I}$ ($I\subset\mathbb{R}$ an interval) be a stochastic process with continuous sample paths and such that $X_t$ admits a continuous Lebesgue density $\chi_t\in C(\mathbb{R}^d)$ for ...
- 463
3
votes
1
answer
572
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Remarkable limit involving $m_p=\log_p(p^{x_1} + \cdots + p^{x_n})-\log_p(n)$
It is easy to prove that
$\lim_{p\rightarrow 1} m_p = (x_1 + \cdots + x_n)/n$. The following fact about the derivative of $m_p$ with respect to $p$ is also elementary:
$$m'_p =\frac{dm_p}{dp}
=\frac{1}...
- 3,098
2
votes
2
answers
214
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A question about asymptotic affinity and strict convexity with unbounded means
Let $F:[0,\infty) \to [0,\infty)$ be a $C^1$ strictly convex function.
Let $\lambda_n \in [0,1],a_n\le c<b_n \in [0,\infty)$ satisfy
$$ \lambda_n a_n +(1-\lambda_n)b_n=c_n \tag{1}$$ and assume that
...
- 947
0
votes
0
answers
146
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Does the following sequence $\{g_n\}$ converge?
Consider a function sequence $\{f_n(t)\}$ ($n\in\mathbb{N}^+$) defined on the interval $(\frac{1}{2},1)$, where
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eqn:constraint1}
f_n(t)=\frac{\exp\left(n\left(\log R(h_t) - th_t\...
- 550
4
votes
1
answer
161
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Does strict convexity plus asymptotic affinity imply bounded mean?
I am not sure if this is exactly research-level, but I am struggling to find a proof for the following claim:
Let $F:[0,\infty) \to [0,\infty)$ be a $C^2$ strictly convex function.
Let $\lambda_n \in [...
- 109k
4
votes
1
answer
1k
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The cotangent sum $\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^k\cot\Big(\frac{\pi}{4n}(2k+1)\Big)=n$
On the Wolfram Research Reference page for the cotangent function (https://functions.wolfram.com/ElementaryFunctions/Cot/23/01/), I saw the following partial sum formula
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^k\cot\...
- 128k
4
votes
1
answer
282
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How to estimate the order of this integral with parameter
Some introduction:
Given a homogeneous structure called "dilation" in $R^n$: For $t\geq 0$
$$D_t: R^n\rightarrow R^n$$
$$D_t(x)=(t^{a_1}x_1,...,t^{a_n}x_n)$$
where $1=a_1\leq...\leq a_n$, ...
- 61.9k
2
votes
1
answer
280
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Does the following function series converge?
Let
$$
f_n(x)=\frac{\frac{1}{(n-1)!}\sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor \alpha n-x\rfloor}C_{n-1}^{k}~(-1)^k(\alpha n-x-k)^{n-1}}{\frac{1}{n!}\sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor \alpha n\rfloor}C_{n}^{k}(-1)^k(\alpha n-k)^{n}},
$$ ...
- 550
1
vote
0
answers
120
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Natural candidates for super-half-exponential which limit to half-exponential function from above
There are no closed form candidates for half-exponential functions "Closed-form" functions with half-exponential growth.
However super-half-exponentials (functions whose composition grows ...
- 1,826
-1
votes
1
answer
193
views
Limit of the convolution of derivative of Gaussian heat kernel
I'm looking for the following limit:
$$\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0^+}\int_{-\sqrt{\varepsilon}}^{\sqrt{\varepsilon}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\varepsilon^{3/2}}\left(-1+\frac{x^2}{\varepsilon}\right)e^{-\frac{x^...
CommunityBot
- 1
2
votes
2
answers
218
views
Convergence for a non-linear second order difference equation
In my work, I need to study the convergence of sequence defined by the non-linear recurrence relation
$$
u_0,u_1>0, \qquad \forall n\in \mathbb N, \; u_{n+2}=a\ln(1+u_n)+b\ln(1+u_{n+1})
$$
with ...
- 61.9k
-2
votes
1
answer
708
views
Prove or disprove this integral of a function, defined on a countable set with infinite limit points, converges to zero [closed]
Edit: I got rid of my old definitions. Everything should be clear now
Since no one has answered my question on MSE, I’m hoping to get an answer here. I apologize if you dislike my writing. I am an ...
- 63