Questions tagged [quadratic-forms]
Algebraic and geometric theory of quadratic forms and symmetric bilinear forms, e.g., values attained by quadratic forms, isotropic subspaces, the Witt ring, invariants of quadratic forms, the discriminant and Clifford algebra of a quadratic form, Pfister forms, automorphisms of quadratic forms.
543 questions
4
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Hermitian forms over quaternion algebra
Notations: Let $Q=(a,b)$ be a quaternion algebra over a field of characteristic $\neq 2$, i.e. $i^2=a, j^2=b, k=ij, ij=-ji$. Consider $K=k(t)(\alpha)$, where $\alpha=\sqrt{at^2+b}$. Let $\sigma=Int(i)\...
- 41
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3
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Integral orthogonal group for indefinite ternary quadratic form
I have the indefinite quadratic form $q(x,y,z) = 19 x^2 + 5 y^2 - z^2.$ It's not my fault. I find, on reflection, that I have no idea how to describe the orthogonal group of this over the integers. ...
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6
votes
2
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447
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Does this quadratic form over a large field represent 1?
I have a field $K$ of transcendence degree two over $\mathbb{R}$, and elements $a_1,a_2,a_3\in K$. I would like to understand the set
$$ Q = \{ u\in K^3 : \sum_i a_iu_i^2 = 1\} $$
In particular, I ...
- 56.9k
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4
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Solving a System of Quadratic Equations
I have many polynomial equations in many variables which I want to jointly minimize (in a mean square sense, but you could pick a different reasonable measure which favors anything where all ...
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3
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476
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Proving the existence of an integral quadratic form
Theorem 11 (Conway & Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups, 3rd Edition, pp 383, Ch 15). If a system of putative $p$-adic symbols for each $p$ satisfies the determinant, oddity, and $p$-...
- 85
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1
answer
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Intuition on a certain class of quadratic optimization problems
Let $\mathcal{X} = \{\mathbf{X}\in\mathbb{C}^{d\times d}:\|\mathbf{X}\|\leq 1\}$, where $\|\cdot\|$ is the Frobenius norm. Let $\mathbf{y}\in\mathbb{C}^{d\times 1}$. We are familiar with the following ...
- 91
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1
answer
128
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A description of the isometry group $O(U\oplus E_8)$?
Are there any good description of the isometry group $O(U\oplus E_8)$? Here $U$ denotes the hyperbolic lattice and $E_8$ the root lattice of type $E_8$.
- 21
2
votes
1
answer
359
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How to determine $O(L)$ is finite or not?
Let $L$ be an indefinite {\it non-unimodular} integral lattice. I am particularly interested in unimodular cases, such as $U(2)\oplus A_4, U\oplus D_4$. Are there any general method to determine ...
- 21
1
vote
2
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252
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Impossible Range for Minkowski-Like Sum of Squares
Given coprime positive integers M,N, and a corresponding integer z outside of the range (for all integers x,a,b,c) of $Mx^2-N(a^2+b^2+c^2)$, is there any such z which is "deceptive", meaning that it ...
- 1,547
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3
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A nice necessary and sufficient condition on positive semi-definiteness of a matrix with a special structure
Let
$$
A =
\begin{pmatrix}
\sum_{j\ne 1}a_{1j} & -a_{12} & \cdots & -a_{1n}\\
-a_{21} & \sum_{j\ne 2}a_{2j} & \cdots & -a_{2n}\\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \...
0
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1
answer
261
views
Name for a Specific Type of Non-Symmetric Bilinear Form
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space, with some choice of basis $\{e_i\}_{i \in I}$. With respect to an idempotent bijection $B:I \to I$, define a bilinear form by
$$
g = \sum_{i=1}^N \lambda_{...
0
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3
answers
2k
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rank of outer product
I would like to ask if you may know how to prove this claim or any theorem related:
Given 9 points (x,y,z) lie on unit sphere in 3 dimensional space such that any 4 points are not on the same plane. ...
- 3
3
votes
1
answer
607
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Automorphism groups of indefinite non-unimodular integer lattices
Does anyone know of any papers in which structural aspects of the orthogonal group of some indefinite non-unimodular integral lattice are calculated? The exact lattice isn't so important and they don'...
- 31
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0
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376
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primes represented by indefinite quadratic forms
Let $Q$ be an indefinite binary quadratic form with discriminant $D$ and one class per genus (keep the example $x^2 - 2y^2$ in mind). If one asks about the set $P = \{ p : p \text{ prime and } p = Q(...
- 4,636
3
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0
answers
137
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What are the Voronoi cones in 4 variables?
Question: What are the top dimensional cones of the 2nd Voronoi decomposition of the space of positive definite forms in $4$ variables?
The 2nd Voronoi decomposition of the cone of positive definite ...
- 31
2
votes
1
answer
2k
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Maximum dimension of an isotropic subspace in a quadratic space
i hope my question is not too trivial.
Let's suppose we have a vector space $V$ with a unimodular quadratic form $q$ of signature $(m,n)$.
My question is: which is the maximum dimension of an ...
5
votes
0
answers
308
views
Algorithm for solutions to quadratic forms over number fields
Are there any know (preferably implemented) algorithms to find solutions to quadratic forms over number fields (or global fields)?
I am especially interested in the quaternary case. There exist some ...
- 101
0
votes
1
answer
311
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Subspace generated by positive vectors
Hi everyone, first of all i must admit i'm very familiar with quadratic forms and positive subspaces, so i'm sorry if my question is too trivial. So, here's my problem:
Let $L$ be a real vector space ...
1
vote
1
answer
396
views
Tangent space to positive oriented Grassmannians
Let $L$ be a real vector space of dimension 22 and $q$ a quadratic form on $L$ of signature $(3,19)$.
Let $V\subset L$ be a positive oriented subspace of dimension 2 and $G^{po}(2,L)$ be the ...
1
vote
1
answer
653
views
Existence of non-trivial solution to non linear polynomial system
I need to find conditions for the existence of non-trivial solutions to a multivariable polynomial system in two cases:
The first case:
$f1: a_1x^2+a_2xy+a_3y^2+a_4z^2=0$
$f2: b_1x^2+b_2xy+b_3y^2+...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
775
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Positive subspaces of quadratic forms
here's my question:
Let $V$ be a k-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{R}$ and $q$ a quadratic form on $V$ of signature $(m,n)$ , $m+n=k$.
We have $W\subset V$ a positive (with respect to the ...
1
vote
0
answers
120
views
Tensor product with $\mathbb{R}$ of an even unimodular lattice
Let $\Lambda$ be an unimodular even lattice of signature $(m,n)$.
By a classifying theorem by Milnor, $\Lambda$ must be of the form $U^k\oplus E_8(\pm 1)^l$, where $U$ is the hyperbolic plane.
Now ...
3
votes
0
answers
107
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pavings and quadratic forms
Hi,
let $L$ be a lattice isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^r$ for some positive integer $r$ and $E=L\otimes \mathbb{R}$.
An integral paving in $E$ is a set $\Sigma$ of integral polytopes (the vertices are ...
- 31
8
votes
1
answer
432
views
Did Smith correctly state the mass formula?
Did Smith correctly state the mass formula?
H.J.S. "normal form" Smith was the first, in 1867, to state the mass formula for integral quadratic forms in a genus of 4 or more variables. This was ...
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2
votes
1
answer
339
views
Question about Gauss composition law over PID.
Let $m$ be a square free integer, $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ a quadratic field extension of $\mathbb{Q}$, $\Delta$ is its discriminant and $O_{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})/\mathbb{Q}}$ its ring of integers. We ...
- 433
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0
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596
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Literature on Exponential of a Quadratic Form
Let $A_i$, $i=1,\dots,L$ be given $N\times N$ positive definite real matrices. I have this sum of exponentials
\begin{align}
f(\mathbf{x})=\sum_{i=1}^{L}\operatorname{exp}(-{\mathbf{x}^T\mathbf{A}_i\...
- 1,421
5
votes
1
answer
389
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Filling in a rational orthogonal matrix given one row
Quick version: given natural $n$ and a row of $n$ integers such that the sum of the squares is another square, call it $m^2.$ For $n=5,6,7$ is it always possible to fill in the rest of an $n$ by $n$ ...
- 25.7k
8
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1
answer
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A spectral inequality for positive-definite matrices
Question. Given a positive-definite $n \times n$ matrix $A = (a_{ij})$ with eigenvalues
$$
\lambda_1 \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_n ,
$$
is there a sharp upper bound for the product $\lambda_2 \cdots \...
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1
answer
775
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Would a closed universe with special relativity violate causality? Does the universe have to be simply connected?
This question may be more appropriate for physics.stackexchange.com, but it would be helpful to get feedback from experts in Minkowski geometry.
The classic twin paradox is a false thought experiment ...
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15
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1
answer
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Quadratic forms and $p$-adic integers
I want to prove a result on equivalences of quadratic forms over $\mathbb{Q}_p$, with a control on the height of the change-of-basis matrix.
(I am more generally interested in hermitian forms over ...
- 1,500
1
vote
0
answers
192
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Orthogonal transformations with trivial spinor norm as product of reflections $r_w$ with $(w,w)=-2$
I'm trying to prove that, for a standard unimodular even lattice $\Lambda$ (by standard I mean that it is direct sum of copies of the hyperbolic plane $U$ and $E_8$) every element of $O^+(\Lambda)$, i....
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9
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1
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Does there exist a half-integer weight theta function which is is equivalent to 1 modulo 4?
Given a quadratic form $F$ in $n$ variables, there is an associated theta function $\theta_F(z) = \sum_{m \in \mathbb{Z}} q^{F(m)}$, which is a modular form of weight $n/2$. Letting $F(m) = m^2$ ...
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0
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407
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Solutions to a quadratic congruence
Fix an odd prime $p$. Let $\alpha = (\alpha_0,\dots,\alpha_k)$ be a solution to the congruence $\sum_{i=0}^{k} \alpha_i^2 \equiv x \mod p$. Now consider the number $N_\alpha$ of solutions to the ...
- 1
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2
answers
194
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Quadratic subextension of the function field of quadric.
Assume $F$ is a field of characteristic $\neq 2$. Let $(V,q)$ be a quadratic space such that $\rm dim~ q\geq 3$. When $q$ is irreducible it is known that
there exist a purely transcendental field ...
- 57
0
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0
answers
270
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Solution Existence of a System of Complex Quadratic Equations
Consider $ {x_k}_{k = 1}^K \in \mathbb{C}^{N \times 1}$ a set of $K$ complex vector variables of length $N$. I am interested in finding the existence of a solution of the following
quadratic set of ...
- 342
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0
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192
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Non-negative Quadratic forms with Exterior Forms
Hello All,
I apologize if the following question is too elementary. Any suggestion is greatly appreciated. Thank you.
Let $n\geqslant 4$, $X$ be an $n$-dimensional inner product space over $\mathbb{...
7
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Mock modular forms and (indefinite) quadratic forms
Define the function
$$f(q,z,y) = \sum_{n \ge 0,m,l} c(n,m,l) q^n z^m y^l$$
where $c(n,m,l)$ is defined by
$$ c(n,m,l) =
\begin{cases}
(-1)^{s+l} & \text{if } 4n - m^2 + l^2 = 2s(s+1)\\
0 & \...
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2
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On the positive definiteness of a linear combination of matrices
In my work in PDE, the following problem in linear algebra came up. Any help in this direction is appreciated.
QUESTION:
Let $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$ and let $A_1,\ldots, A_m\in M_n(\mathbb{R})$ be real, ...
- 895
8
votes
1
answer
781
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genus and spinor genus over a number field
Let $F$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathfrak{o}$. Let $(V,Q)$ be a quadratic space of dimension $n$ over $F$, and let $L$ be a free lattice in $V$ (i.e. $L\cong\mathfrak{o}^n$). If the ...
7
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3
answers
1k
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Realizing proper pure octonions as conjugates
Let us take the octonions as having all integer coefficients and the multiplication table at BAEZ
We have a standard conjugation operator with $\bar{1} = 1$ and $\bar{e_i}= - e_i,$ extend by ...
- 25.7k
2
votes
2
answers
293
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Convex optimization problem to QPP
Briefly, have the following problem:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i = 0}^n a_i \ (max [ F_i( \bar x ), 0 ] )^2 \rightarrow min, \\\\
s.t.\\\\
A \bar x \leq b
\end{equation}
where $ F( \bar x ) $ is a ...
- 121
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1
answer
253
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two non-degenerate quadratic forms on $GF(2)^2r$
I know this:
There are two non-degenerate quadratic forms on $GF(2)^2r$. The hyperbolic form may be taken to be
$Q^+(x)=x_0 x_1 + \cdots +x_{2r-2}x_{2r-1}$ ,
and the elliptic form to be
$Q^-(x)=x^...
- 179
1
vote
1
answer
265
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''Local-global-principle'' for certain isometries of lattices
Hi everybody.
I am trying to understand a proof of Kneser. the assertion is on a ''weak version'' of the local-global principle certain isometries: It is Satz (30.9) in kneser book ''Quadratische ...
- 103
1
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1
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177
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if $\Pi_1$ and $\Pi_2$ be elliptic planes then $\Pi_1 \oplus \Pi_2 $ is still elliptic?
Let $\Omega \in\Lambda^{4}\big(V^{ \star }\big)$ be volume form. Define symplectic bilinear form
$q: \Pi \oplus \Pi \rightarrow R $
$\big( \alpha ,\beta \big) \longrightarrow \alpha \...
user21574
2
votes
1
answer
210
views
Gram matrix modulo 4
Suppose we have a full rank, integer sublattice $L$ of the integer lattice $\mathbb Z^d$, where we fix the dimension $d$. Consider the Gram matrix $M$ of $L$, relative to some basis for $L$, and ...
- 623
2
votes
2
answers
442
views
The quadratic form $x^2+ny^2$ via prime factors
Elementary algebra shows that the product of two numbers in the form $x^2 + ny^2$ again has the same form, since if $p = (a^2 + nb^2)$ and $q = (c^2 + nd^2)$,
$$pq = (a^2 + nb^2)(c^2 + nd^2) = (ac \...
- 161
4
votes
1
answer
393
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Can an ellipsoid be moved freely inside another ellipsoid?
An origin centric ellipsoid is defined by any positive semi-definite $n$ by $n$ matrix $X$, by taking all vectors $v$ such that $v^tXv\leq1$. Call two origin centric ellipsoid equivalent if one can be ...
- 87
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3
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348
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if Y-X is positive semi-definite, are the eigenvalues of Y bigger?
So $X$ and $Y$ are Hermitian matrices (or just symmetric real) of size $n$ by $n$ and suppose $Y\succeq X$, namely $Y-X$ is positive-semidefinite. Now write the eigenvalues of $Y$ as $\alpha_1\leq\...
- 87
1
vote
1
answer
213
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Weyl asymptotics vs. form perturbations
Consider Hilbert spaces $V$,$H$; a closed quadratic form $a$ with domain $V$; and its associated operator $A$ on $H$. (If necessary, the form can be assumed to be coercive.) For the sake of simplicity,...
- 3,388
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0
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1k
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Does this variant of a theorem of Hasse (really due to Gauss) have an "elementary" proof?
BACKGROUND
Here are 3 theorems of varying difficulty. Let $M$ be the $Z/2$ subspace of $Z/2[[x]]$ spanned by $f^k$, with the $k>0$ and odd, and $f=x+x^9+x^{25}+x^{49}+\cdots$. For $g$ in $M$, let $...
- 5,422