All Questions
233 questions
44
votes
2
answers
7k
views
What is known about the sum x^{n^2}/n?
It follows from a general theorem of Honda that the formal group with the logarithm
$$
x+x^{2^s}/2+x^{3^s}/3+x^{4^s}/4+\cdots
$$
has integer coefficients. I became interested in it because its $p$-...
- 18.4k
79
votes
12
answers
13k
views
Is there a high-concept explanation for why characteristic 2 is special?
The structure of the multiplicative groups of $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ or of $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is the same for odd primes, but not for $2.$ Quadratic reciprocity has a uniform statement for odd primes, ...
- 118k
30
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Modular forms of fractional weight
Modular forms of integral weight are prominent in number theory.
Furthermore, there are $\theta$-functions and the $\eta$-function, having weight 1/2,
which also have a rich theory.
But I have never ...
- 2,810
5
votes
3
answers
633
views
On level $10$ of the McKay-Thompson series of the Monster
(For brevity, the level-6 functions have been migrated to another post.)
I. Level-10 functions
Given the Dedekind eta function $\eta(\tau)$. To recall, for level-6,
$$j_{6A} = \left(\sqrt{j_{6B}} + \...
- 12.6k
14
votes
2
answers
749
views
Solving the Bring quintic using the Monster?
I. Method
Hermite's method to solve the Bring quintic by functions that obey $x^8+y^8=1$ implicitly uses octahedral symmetry, while Emil Jann Fiedler's solution by the Rogers-Ramanujan continued ...
- 12.6k
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
About a Ramanujan-Sato formula of level 10, a recurrence, and $\zeta(5)$?
I. Level 6
This is a long shot, but I am curious where it leads. Given the Dedekind eta function $\eta(\tau),$ define,
$$\begin{aligned}
j_{6A}(\tau) &= \Big(\sqrt{j_{6B}(\tau)} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{...
- 12.6k
66
votes
8
answers
12k
views
Why are powers of $\exp(\pi\sqrt{163})$ almost integers?
I've been prodded to ask a question expanding this one on Ramanujan's constant $R=\exp(\pi\sqrt{163})$.
Recall that $R$ is very close to an integer; specifically $R=262537412640768744 - \epsilon$ ...
- 14k
48
votes
6
answers
5k
views
Algebraic Attacks on the Odd Perfect Number Problem
The odd perfect number problem likely needs no introduction. Recent progress (where by recent I mean roughly the last two centuries) seems to have focused on providing restrictions on an odd perfect ...
- 8,467
34
votes
2
answers
3k
views
The work of E. Artin and F. K. Schmidt on (what are now called) the Weil conjectures.
I was reading Dieudonne's "On the history of the Weil conjectures" and found two things that surprised me. Dieudonne makes some assertions about the work of Artin and Schmidt which are no doubt ...
- 41.4k
23
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Why are values of Eisenstein $E_2^*$ algebraic integers?
I'm looking for a proof that the following term is an algebraic integer whenever $\tau_N=\frac{N+\sqrt{-N}}{2}$ is a quadratic irrationality with class number $1$:
$$A_N:=\sqrt{-N}\cdot\frac{E_2(\...
- 598
15
votes
1
answer
983
views
When is the image of a 2-dim l-adic representation associated to a modular form open
I know the following theorems by Serre:
1, The 2-dim l-adic representation associated to a non-CM elliptic curve is open.
2, The 2-dim l-adic representation associated the weight-12 cusp form $\...
- 871
14
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Complex Multiplication and algebraic integers
Let $q=e^{2\pi i\tau}$ and
$$E_2(\tau) = 1 - 24 \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{nq^n}{1-q^n}$$ be the Eisenstein Series of weight $2$
and let $E_2^*(\tau) = E_2(\tau) - \frac{3}{\pi\cdot Im(\tau)}$ be the ...
- 598
14
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Convergence of L-series
I remember to have read that the L-function of an elliptic curve, which a priori only converges for $\Re s > \frac{3}{2}$ also converges at $s=1$ provided that the $L$-function
satisfies the ...
- 2,810
13
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Reference for: CM Hilbert Modular forms arise from Hecke characters
For classical modular forms, the correspondence between the form having CM by an imaginary quadratic field $K$ and it being induced from a Hecke character on $K$ is well-known. (Ribet's paper is a ...
- 659
6
votes
1
answer
600
views
How to compute Coefficients in Chudnovsky's Formula?
My aim is to understand all three coefficients arising in the Chudnovsky-Formula (see also Question 300385). Two of them are easily computed, but I failed with the third:
It is known that for all $\...
- 598
4
votes
1
answer
209
views
Transformations of Ramanujan's 1/pi formulas $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} s(n)\frac{An+ B}{C^n}$ and Monster moonshine functions
Someone with many papers on Ramanujan's work asked me how I managed to find the closed-forms for the binomial sums of level $10$ in a recent MO post. (A colleague of his wasn't able to find them.) I ...
- 12.6k
131
votes
14
answers
30k
views
Why are modular forms interesting?
Well, I'm aware that this question may seem very naive to the several experts on this topic that populate this site: feel free to add the "soft question" tag if you want... So, knowing nothing about ...
51
votes
3
answers
12k
views
What is the difference between an automorphic form and a modular form?
This is more of a question about terminology than about math.
The term "automorphic form" is clearly a generalization of the term "modular form." What is not clear is exactly which generalization it ...
- 15.4k
49
votes
2
answers
6k
views
Why should I care about topological modular forms?
There seems to be a lot of recent activity concerning topological modular forms (TMF), which I gather is an extraordinary cohomology theory constructed from the classical theory of modular forms on ...
- 491
42
votes
2
answers
10k
views
Intuition behind the Eichler-Shimura relation?
The modular curve $X_0(N)$ has good reduction at all primes $p$ not dividing $N$. At such a prime, the Eichler-Shimura relation expresses the Hecke operator $T_p$ (as an element of the ring of ...
- 118k
34
votes
4
answers
3k
views
$A_5$-extension of number fields unramified everywhere
So I was having tea with a colleague immensely more talented than myself and we were discussing his teaching algebraic number theory. He told me that he had given a few examples of abelian and ...
- 10.9k
32
votes
9
answers
5k
views
Do there exist modern expositions of Klein's Icosahedron?
Reading Serre's letter to Gray
, I wonder if now modern expositions of the themes in Klein's book
exist. Do you know any?
- 10.8k
28
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Can we use the Rogers-Ramanujan cfrac to parameterize the Fermat quintic $x^5+y^5=1$?
Define $\color{blue}{q=e^{2\pi i \tau}}$ and Dedekind eta function $\eta(\tau)$. Note: I found these relations empirically, but their consistent forms suggest they can be rigorously proven.
I. $p=2$...
- 12.6k
27
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Which quaternary quadratic form represents $n$ the greatest number of times?
Let $Q$ be a four-variable positive-definite quadratic form with integer coefficients and let $r_{Q}(n)$ be the number of representations of $n$ by $Q$. The theory of modular forms explains how $r_{Q}(...
- 20.4k
27
votes
6
answers
6k
views
Proofs of Jacobi's four-square theorem
What are the nicest proofs of Jacobi’s four-square theorem you know? How much can they be streamlined? How are they related to each other?
I know of essentially three aproaches.
Modular forms, as in,...
- 20.2k
27
votes
6
answers
5k
views
Where can I find a comprehensive list of equations for small genus modular curves?
Does there exist anywhere a comprehensive list of small genus modular curves $X_G$, for G a subgroup of GL(2,Z/(n))$? (say genus <= 2), together with equations? I'm particularly interested in genus ...
- 10.5k
24
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Ramanujan's pi formulas with a twist
Given the binomial function $\binom{n}{k}$.
1. Define the following sequences,
$$\begin{aligned}
u_1(k) &= \tbinom{2k}{k}\tbinom{3k}{k}\tbinom{6k}{3k} = 1, 120, 83160, 81681600,\dots \\
u_2(k) &...
- 12.6k
23
votes
3
answers
5k
views
Relation between Hecke Operator and Hecke Algebra
In the study of number theory (and in other branches of mathematics) presence of Hecke Algebra and Hecke Operator is very prominent.
One of the many ways to define the Hecke Operator $T(p)$ is in ...
19
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Elkies' supersingularity theorem in higher dimension
The following is a theorem of Elkies:
Let $X$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$. Then there are infinitely many primes $p$ such that the action of Frobenius on $H^1(\mathcal{O}, X)$ is zero.
...
- 156k
19
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Questions about the "universal elliptic curve" over the affine $j$-line punctured at 0 and 1728
So my question refers to families of elliptic curves over the $\mathbb{A}^1_\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0,1728\}$ whose fiber above a point $j$ has $j$-invariant equal to $j$ (I understand it's not universal)...
- 10.7k
19
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Generators of the graded ring of modular forms
Let $\Gamma$ be a finite-index subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$. I've seen it stated (in a comment in the code of a computer program) that the graded ring
$$ M(\Gamma, \mathbb{C}) = \...
- 37k
19
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Details for the action of the braid group B_3 on modular forms
I'm reading Terry Gannon's Moonshine Beyond the Monster, and in section 2.4.3 he hints at (but does not explicitly describe) a way to extend the action of $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ on modular forms to an ...
- 118k
18
votes
1
answer
754
views
Arithmetic motivations for modularity in higher rank
The classical setting of modularity is that one can associate elliptic modular forms (or automorphic representations of GL(2)/$\mathbb Q$) to elliptic curves over $\mathbb Q$. This has far-reaching ...
- 6,049
16
votes
2
answers
1k
views
The complete list of continued fractions like the Rogers-Ramanujan?
I have two questions about q-continued fractions, but a little intro first. Given Ramanujan's theta function,
$$f(a,b) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}a^{n(n+1)/2}b^{n(n-1)/2}$$
then the following,
$$A(q) =...
- 12.6k
15
votes
1
answer
680
views
Is $\eta(\tau)^2$ a modular form of weight 1 on $\Gamma(12)$?
As we know, the Dedekind eta function $\eta(\tau)$ acquires a phase $\exp(2\pi i/24)$ under the modular transformation: $\tau \rightarrow \tau+1$. Therefore $\eta(\tau)^2$ is invariant under $\tau \...
- 153
14
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Do L-functions exist for Half-integral weight modular forms?
Classically, we can attach $L$-functions (with properties like, analytic continuation, functional equation) to Dirichlet characters, Hecke eigenforms, etc...
My question is: can one attach $L$-...
- 592
13
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Extensions of the modularity theorem
In 1995 (if I'm not mistaken) Taylor and Wiles proved that all semistable elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ are modular. This result was extended to all elliptic curves in 2001 by Breuil, Conrad, ...
- 1,458
12
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Kronecker's Jugendtraum for real quadratic fields?
Kronecker's Jugendtraum (or Hilbert's 12'th problem) is to find abelian extensions of arbitrary number fields by adjoining `special' values of transcendental functions. The Kronecker-Weber theorem was ...
- 1,905
11
votes
1
answer
864
views
Up to $10^6$: $\sigma(8n+1) \mod 4 = OEIS A001935(n) \mod 4$ (Number of partitions with no even part repeated )
Up to $10^6$:
$\sigma(8n+1) \mod 4 = OEIS A001935(n) \mod 4$
A001935 Number of partitions with no even part repeated
Is this true in general?
It would mean relation between restricted partitions ...
- 25.4k
11
votes
1
answer
700
views
Are the L-functions of a normalized newform and the corresponding cuspidal representation equal?
Let $f \in S_k(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a normalized newform with Fourier expansion
$$f(z) = \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n e^{2\pi i z n}$$
and $a_1 = 1$. Then $f$ is an eigenfunction of all Hecke ...
- 6,180
10
votes
3
answers
547
views
On the Klein quartic and the similar $a^2b+b^2c+c^2a$?
Given the Ramanujan theta function,
$$f(a,b) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty a^{n(n+1)/2} \; b^{n(n-1)/2}$$
Let $q = e^{2\pi i \tau}$ and assume $\tau = \sqrt{-d}$.
I. Degree 5
\begin{align}
a &= q^{11/...
- 12.6k
9
votes
3
answers
745
views
Asymptotic formulas for Monster-related modular functions?
Define the following,
$$j(\tau) = \Big(\tfrac{E_4(\tau)}{\eta^8(\tau)}\Big)^3 = {1 \over q} + 744 + \color{blue}{196884} q + 21493760 q^2 + 864299970 q^3 + \cdots \tag{1}$$
$$j_{2A}(\tau) =\Big(\big(...
- 12.6k
9
votes
0
answers
400
views
Generalizing Ramanujan's and the Chudnovskys' 1/pi formula (Part 1)
Some years ago, I asked in MSE a question about the Chudnovsky brothers pi formula. Later, I asked in MO a related question. The former was unanswered until a few days ago when L. Miller gave me a ...
- 12.6k
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
How did Gauss characterize the metrical relations in the uniform (4 4 4) tiling of the hyperbolic unit disk?
My purpose is to verify an historical hypothesis I have on Gauss's tesselation of the unit disk as described in John Stilwell "Mathematics and its history". Looking at the relevant pages in ...
- 2,099
8
votes
1
answer
747
views
Deligne's exterior power
In "Catégories Tannakiennes", Deligne defines the $n$th exterior power of an object $A$ of an abelian tensor category $\mathcal{C}$ as the image of the morphism
$$p : A^{\otimes n} \to A^{\otimes n}, ...
- 63.1k
8
votes
1
answer
821
views
Omitting primes from a Hecke algebra
Let $N \ge 1, k \ge 2$ be integers, and $M_k(\Gamma_1(N))$ the space of weight k modular forms of level $\Gamma_1(N)$. Let $\mathbb{T}$ be the $\mathbb{Z}$-subalgebra of $\operatorname{End} M_k(\...
- 37k
8
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Numerical evaluation of the Petersson product of elliptic modular forms
It is known how to compute the Fourier expansion of elliptic modular forms using modular symbols, and it is known how to get numerical evaluations of $L$-functions of various type ; it's possible to ...
8
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Modular form on $\Gamma_0(N)$
I recently asked this question on Math.StackExchange with no answer so far. So I thought maybe I can find an answer here.
Let $M(k,\Gamma_0(N))$ be a space of modular forms of weight $k$ on $\Gamma_0(...
- 193
8
votes
2
answers
1k
views
When do the Galois reps of modular forms have open image?
Suppose f is a newform (with coefficients generating some number field E), and $\rho_{f,\lambda}: {\rm Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}} / \mathbb{Q}) \to {\rm GL}_2(E_\lambda)$ the associated Galois rep (...
- 37k
7
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Duality of eta product identities: a new idea?
Looking at the collection of Eta Function Product Identities by Michael Somos, it seems like generally those identities come in pairs:
let's call two eta product identities $\sum\limits_{i=1}^r a_iP_i=...
- 13.4k