All Questions
5,850 questions
5
votes
0
answers
199
views
measure of an image under an argmax function
I am trying to find any techniques to analyze the measure of an image of a set under an argmax function.
For example, let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be compact and $\phi:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}$ be ...
0
votes
2
answers
137
views
Level sets and integral of functions of two variables
Let $f_1,f_2$ be two positive functions on $\Omega_1, \Omega_2 \subset R^2$ with $f_1|_{\partial \Omega_1}=f_2|_{\partial \Omega_2}=0$. For every $\lambda>0$, denote the the area of the domain ...
0
votes
1
answer
843
views
$C^{\infty}_{loc}$-convergence - right definition
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ be some open set. Let $f_{n},f\in C^{\infty}(\Omega)$. My question is: What does the following phrase mean? $f_{n}$ converges to $f$ in $C^{\infty}_{loc}(\Omega)$. ...
- 35
5
votes
1
answer
133
views
If $u \in H^1(U)$, then $Du = 0$ almost everywhere on the set $\{u = 0\}$, auxiliary result
Let $\phi$ be a smooth, bounded and nondecreasing function, such that $\phi'$ is bounded and $\phi(z) = z$ if $|z| \le 1$. Set$$u^\epsilon(x) := \epsilon \phi(u/\epsilon).$$Do we necessarily have that$...
user75246
2
votes
0
answers
113
views
Continuous inclusions Sobolev theorem, question [closed]
How do I see that if $f$, $g \in H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $s > n/2$, then $fg \in H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and$$\|fg\|_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)} \le C\|f\|_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)}\|g\|_{H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)},$$the ...
- 369
4
votes
2
answers
848
views
Generalized Jordan theorem and winding number
By the generalized Jordan theorem any continuous injective map
$S^{n-1} \hookrightarrow R^n$ splits $R^n$ into two regions, one being bounded (interior) and the other one unbounded (exterior). It ...
- 1,875
3
votes
2
answers
443
views
A problem on real valued functions in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with least variation
Let $\alpha(s) = (x(s),y(s))$ be the arc length parametrization of a plane, smooth, closed, convex curve, of length $L$. Let $J:(0,L)\to\mathbb{R}$ be a smooth and Bounded variation (BV introduced ...
- 698
1
vote
1
answer
338
views
Quadratic Convergence in Fixed Point Iteration
Quadratic convergence is the hallmark of Newton's Method for root-solving. I'm looking for a result that implies the Newton result that looks like this:
Theorem : Let $f:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\...
- 664
0
votes
0
answers
55
views
Representation of multi-variable functions as a composition of 1- or 2-variable functions [duplicate]
This is a re-post of my question from M.SE that remains unanswered for several months.
I'm familiar with Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem, but AFAIK their construction makes essential use of ...
- 6,819
2
votes
0
answers
874
views
Divergence Theorem for Distributions
I am interested in a generalization of the divergence theorem: Given an open subseteq $U \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$, a compact set $G \subseteq U$
with smooth boundary $\partial G$ and a $C^1$-vector ...
- 193
0
votes
1
answer
297
views
Approximating characteristic functions by cutting the real axis into smaller and smaller pieces
Let $\Lambda_r^*=\frac{1}{2\pi r} \mathbb{Z} \subset\mathbb{R} (r>0)$, let $E\subset\mathbb{R}$ be a Lebesgue measurable set with finite measure $|E|$, define $J_r=(-\frac{1}{4\pi r}, \frac{1}{4\pi ...
- 1,906
4
votes
2
answers
225
views
Extremal problem for sequences
Let $a_n$ be a sequence of positive numbers and define $$A_n=\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} a_k a_{n-k}.$$ I am interested in the supremum of the following quantity $X/Y$ where $$X=\sum _{i=1}^{\infty } \left(\sum ...
- 49
4
votes
1
answer
260
views
Using wavelets to capture the $L^2$ norm of $f''$
I posted this question on MSE a couple of days ago. Someone gave some hints, which, besides the fact that I struggle to understand them, go in a numerical analysis direction, which I am not interested ...
- 398
4
votes
1
answer
224
views
Urysohn type cut off function
I am looking for a cutoff function.
The Urysohn's Lemma says
Let $X$ be a $T_{4}$ space and $A,B \subset X$ be two closed and disjoint subsets of $X$. Then there exists a continuous function $f:X \...
- 721
3
votes
1
answer
105
views
How to show monotonocity and the limit? [closed]
Let me reformulate my recent question.
Let $n, N$ denote density and cdf of Gaussian distribution. Let us consider its modification, given by density:
$$\phi(x) = C\left\{ \begin{array}{lcc}
\sqrt{...
- 31
0
votes
3
answers
320
views
Exists $C = C(\epsilon, q)$ such that $\|u\|_{L^p(0, 1)} \le \epsilon \|u'\|_{L^1(0, 1)} + C\|u\|_{L^1(0, 1)}$ for all $W^{1, 1}(0, 1)$? [closed]
Let $1 \le p < \infty$. For all $\epsilon > 0$, does there exist $C = C(\epsilon, q)$ such that$$\|u\|_{L^p(0, 1)} \le \epsilon \|u'\|_{L^1(0, 1)} + C\|u\|_{L^1(0, 1)} \text{ for all }u \in W^{1,...
user81900
-1
votes
1
answer
59
views
Does there exist any subsequence $(u_{n_k})$ converging strongly in $L^q(\mathbb{R})$, for any $1 \le q \le \infty$? [closed]
Fix a function $\varphi \in C_c^\infty(\mathbb{R})$, $\varphi \not\equiv 0$, and set $u_n(x) = \varphi(x + n)$. Let $1 \le p \le \infty$. Does there exist any subsequence $(u_{n_k})$ converging ...
- 17
14
votes
2
answers
996
views
Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ such that $ \|f''\|_p \geq Cn^2 \| f \|_p$, where $1 \leq p\leq \infty$?
Let $f$ be a trigonometric polynomial on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ with $\hat{f}(j) = 0$ for all $j \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $\lvert j \rvert < n$. Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ ...
- 141
3
votes
1
answer
210
views
Using $H^2$ to find a cyclic vector in $\ell^2$
Let us consider $\ell^p(\mathbb{Z})$. We know that the vector $e_1=(\dots,0,0,1,0,0,\dots)$ is a cyclic vector in sense that given the right shift operator $S:(\dots,x_0,x_1,x_2,\dots)\mapsto (\dots,...
- 31
4
votes
2
answers
220
views
existence of a special conformal mapping
Sorry I don't know how to give an appropriate title.
In the complex plane, suppose there is a graph $x+if(x)$ separating the plane into two unbounded components, where $f(x)$ is smooth and bounded, ...
- 41
4
votes
1
answer
461
views
Continuous non-constant function with infinite intersections with horizontal line on a compact interval?
The title might be misleading, but whether such a function exists is what boggles me about the following problem:
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function such that for all $...
- 281
1
vote
1
answer
441
views
Generalized Lax-Milgram for Weak Formulation of 1D Linear Schrodinger
I am interested in the variational formulation of the 1D Schrodinger equation:
$i u_t- \beta u_{xx} = 0 $ and $u(x,0)=u_0(x)$ which upon integration by parts yields:
$i(u_t,v) + \beta (u_x,v_x) = 0$ ...
7
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Topology in space of test functions $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ and space of distributions $\mathcal{D}'(\Omega)$
We can concluded that $\mathcal{D}(\Omega):=\bigcup_{K \in \mathcal{K}(\Omega)} \mathcal{D}_K(\Omega)$ (where $\mathcal{K}(\Omega)$ denotes the union of all compacts set content in a open subset $\...
- 589
5
votes
2
answers
429
views
Does the truncated Hausdorff moment problem admit absolutely continuous solutions?
Let $\mu$ be a (Borel) probability measure on $[0,1]$ and define $m_j(\mu) = \int x^j\,\mu(dx)$. Let $k$ be a positive integer and consider the set $\mathcal C_{\mu,k}$ of probability measures $\nu$ ...
- 311
3
votes
1
answer
367
views
Convergence of a triple sum involving the imaginary part of the Riemann zeta function's non trivial zeros
Let $N>0$ an integer, $k>0$ a real parameter and let $\rho = \beta +i \gamma$ a non trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function. For a work I need to find the best possible $k$ such that $$I=\sum_{...
- 219
3
votes
0
answers
161
views
Inverses of probability generating functions: positivity of derivatives
Let $\mathcal{G}$ be the set of probability generating functions of random variables taking positive integer values, considered as functions on $[0,1]$.
So $G\in\mathcal{G}$ can be written $G(x)=\...
- 3,937
4
votes
3
answers
713
views
Measure of intersections in probability spaces
Let $(X,\mu)$ be a probability space, and $0<\epsilon<1/2$. Let $\{A_i:i\in \mathbb{N}\}$ be a collection of measurable subsets of $X$ such that $\mu(A_i)\geq \epsilon$ for all $i\in\mathbb{N}$.
...
- 167
1
vote
1
answer
321
views
A question about Borel sets on the unit interval
It is known that each non-decreasing continuous function $\phi$ induces a $\sigma$-additive measure $d\phi$ such that $\int_0^1 f(x) d\phi(x)$ exists for every bounded real-valued Baire function $f$. ...
- 5,902
3
votes
1
answer
371
views
Eigenvectors of a perturbed reducible stochastic matrix
Let $Q$ be a $n\times n$ reducible stochastic matrix. Let $J$ be such that $[J]_{ij}={1 \over n}$. Now for a small positive constant $\alpha\in [0,1]$, consider the matrix
$$\tilde{Q}\,=\,(1-\alpha)...
- 1,421
3
votes
1
answer
99
views
Is the variation of two BV functions the same in the set in which they coincide?
Given two real $BV$ functions $u$ and $v$ in an open interval $(a,b)$ consider the set
$A=\{x: \text{both } u \text{ and } v \text{ are continuous at } x \text{ and } u(x)=v(x)\}$
is it true that $|...
- 33
4
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Pointwise convergence for continuous functions
Let $f_n:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a sequence of continuous functions converging pointwise, i.e. such that $\forall x\in [0,1]$, the sequence $(f_n(x))_{n\in \mathbb N}$ converges. We set $f(x)=\...
- 16.2k
-3
votes
1
answer
230
views
Homeomorphism between (-1,1)×[-1,1) and [-1,1]×[-1,1) [closed]
Can one construct homeomorphism between (-1,1)×[-1,1) and [-1,1]×[-1,1)?
If so, please show me how to construct it.
- 3
0
votes
0
answers
85
views
Some problems about symmetric convolution semigroup on the unit circle
These are problems from Example 1.4.2 of Fukushima's book "Dirichlet forms and symmetric Markov processes".
Let $\Lambda$ be the set of all real sequences $\left\{\lambda_n\right\}_{n\in\mathbf{Z}}$ ...
- 369
2
votes
1
answer
152
views
Existence of non-negative extensions of smooth functions on axes
I am struggling to solve an extension problem of smooth functions, and I would like someone to help me.
The setting is as follows:
Let $X_1$, $X_2$, and $T$ be either the real lines $\mathbb R$ or ...
- 393
1
vote
0
answers
308
views
Inverse Laplace transform of a non-negative function
Consider an entire function $f$, which is real for real arguments and satisfies $f(s)\geq 0$ for all $s\in\mathbb{R}$. Furthermore, assume this function is a Laplace transform,
$$
f(s)=\int_0^\infty e^...
- 1,488
2
votes
0
answers
259
views
How to analytically evaluate this n-dimensional iterated integral?
I would very much appreciate any suggestions and/or pointers to references relevant for the analytic evaluation of the following n-dimensional iterated integral
$$\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}dx_1\int_{-\...
- 161
0
votes
0
answers
64
views
Approx the jump point of a $BV$ function from both hand side
Let $I=(-1,1)$ be an interval in one dimension. Let $u\in BV(I)$ be defined as
$$
u(x)=
\begin{cases}
0,&\text{ if }x\in(-1,0)\\
1,&\text{ if }x\in(0,1)
\end{cases}
$$
Clearly, we have $u\in ...
- 679
2
votes
1
answer
383
views
Is this a log-concave function?
Let $(a_k)$ be a log-concave positive decreasing sequence. Is $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n a_k(1-e^x)^{k-1}$ log-concave in $x<0$, for each natural $n$?
- 79
3
votes
0
answers
165
views
Extreme derivatives in Baire class 1
In the 1994 volume of "Differentiation of Real Functions" A. Bruckner poses the following problem (p.41):
"Find necessary and sufficient conditions on a continuous function $F$ that its Dini ...
- 277
2
votes
1
answer
144
views
Do we have independence if we let the indices of the events increase?
Let $(\Omega, \mathscr F, \mathbb P)$ be a probability space.
Consider events indexed by $m, n \in \mathbb N$:
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ A_{1,n}, A_{2,n}, A_{3,n} ...$ are n-wise independent.
$A_{m,1}...
- 247
1
vote
0
answers
182
views
The real method of interpolation and operator ideals
Let $\overline{A} \mbox{ and } \overline{B}$ be n+1-tuples of Banach spaces and $T:\overline{A}\rightarrow \overline{B}$ be an interpolation operator; let $J(\overline{A})$ and (the corresponding, ...
-2
votes
1
answer
116
views
Is this intergral inequality valid? [closed]
Does the inequality $\int_2^{\infty} \dfrac{\sqrt x(\log x)^3 + (1+ \log x^2) x}{x(\log x)^2(x^2 - 1)} \,\mathrm {d}x > \ln \dfrac{17}{10}$ hold ?
- 53
0
votes
1
answer
286
views
Are $\left[\begin{matrix}x_\ell \\ x_\ell\varphi_k^\ell\end{matrix}\right]$ linearly independent?
Let $\varphi_k\in\mathbb{C}$ be a primitive $k$-th root of unity, and define the sets
$$S_\ell:=\left\{\left[\begin{matrix}x\\x\varphi_k^\ell\end{matrix}\right]\in\mathbb{C}^{2n}\;\middle|\;x\in\...
- 271
2
votes
1
answer
169
views
Approximation of the cumulative normal distribution
As is well known, there is no explicit formula for $\int_{-\infty}^\infty step(t−x)\cdot e^{−t^2/2}dt=\int_x^\infty e^{−t^2/2} dt$ for generic $x,$ where $step(z)$ is the step function, $step(z)=1$ ...
- 2,390
5
votes
1
answer
680
views
When does this interesting sum diverge?
For $x \gt 0,$ what is the greatest $y$ such that $$\sum_ {1\le h^x \le k^y} \frac{1}{h^x k^y}= \infty ?$$
I don't know of any references or methods for this -- not even for $x=1$, for which the ...
- 3,443
14
votes
3
answers
878
views
Infinitely many $k$ such that $[a_k,a_{k+1}]>ck^2$
Let $a_n\in \mathbf{N}$ be an infinite sequence such that $\forall i\neq j, a_i\neq a_j$.
I have the following theorem:
For $0<c<\frac{3}{2}$, there are infinitely many $k$ for which $[a_k,...
user79942
3
votes
1
answer
124
views
Injectivity of vector functions: Numerical Verification
Problem Setup
Let $f:A\rightarrow B$, be a continuous function, $A\subset\Re^{n}$,$B\subset\Re^{m}$, $m\geq n$ and $A, B$ compact.
The function $f(\cdot)$ can only be evaluated numerically.
...
- 33
4
votes
2
answers
299
views
Why are the vectors with this special structure linearly independent with high probability?
Given $a_i\in\mathbb{R}^m$ for $i=1,\ldots,2m$ with independent and identically random entries of some continuous distribution. Every choice of $m$ vectors from $\{a_1\ldots,a_{2m}\}$ is linearly ...
- 271
0
votes
1
answer
179
views
Dense subspaces of $L^p(0,T;X)$
Given a Banach space $X$ and $1\leq p<\infty$, let's define the space $L^p(0,T;X)$ as the set of all strongly measurable functions $f:(0,T)\mapsto X$ such that
$$\int_0^T\Vert f\Vert_{X}^pdt<\...
- 1
2
votes
1
answer
99
views
Scaling of distributions
Suppose we have a sequence of $L^1(\mathbb{R})$ functions $p_\epsilon$ with $\|p_\epsilon\|_{L^1} \leq 1$ for all $n$. Suppose we know that $p_\epsilon \to 0$ in distributions. Is it obvious that $\...
- 21