All Questions
67 questions
10
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Historical developement of analysis and partial differential equations (especially in the 20th century)
Q: Is there a set of some comprehensive surveys or monographs describing (in
technical detail) the historical development of the various
subareas of analysis and partial differential equations?
I'...
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Density of restrictions of harmonic functions inside a ball
Let $B$ be the closed unit ball in $\mathbb R^3$ centered at the origin and let $U= \{x\in \mathbb R^3\,:\, \frac{1}{2}\leq |x| \leq 1\}.$ Let
$$ S_U= \{u \in C^{\infty}(U)\,:\, \Delta u =0 \quad\text{...
- 4,135
9
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Rate of convergence of smooth mollifiers
How does one figure out/prove the rate of convergence (in some norm) of mollifiers given a function bounded in some other norm (say Sobolev space, Besov space)? Also, is there a dimensional analysis ...
- 2,243
8
votes
0
answers
278
views
Pseudodifferential operators on compact manifolds with boundary
I have heard that the square root of the Dirichlet (or the Neumann) Laplacian is not a pseudodifferential operator on compact manifolds with boundary. The context in which this was said was that ...
- 81
8
votes
0
answers
349
views
Finding a dimension-free bound for a certain multiplier on Euclidean space
The following question is indirectly motivated by strong type maximal function estimates. Let $f\in L_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. For $\xi=(\xi_{1},\ldots,\xi_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ define $m(\xi)$ so ...
- 141
7
votes
2
answers
508
views
Making the Fourier transform quantitative
I am undergraduate Physics student and understand that this is a professional mathematics forum. But due to perhaps broader interest, I hope this question is suitable for this website.
I understand ...
- 225
7
votes
2
answers
508
views
Why is $\frac{1}{|x|^{n-2}}u(\frac{x}{|x|^2})$ harmonic if $u$ is harmonic?
I found myself trying to prove the following, but I had to compute everything explicitly.
It is well known that if $u:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is an harmonic function on $\mathbb{R}^n$, then the so-...
- 213
7
votes
2
answers
219
views
Characterizing pseudo-differential operators as a subalgebra of continuous endomorphisms of tempered distributions
I'm aware that the following question is at best a refined version of at least 2 questions which are already on this site. I think it is justified however in that it is more precise and has some new ...
- 7,789
7
votes
1
answer
489
views
When the value of a function in a point is equal to its integral average over the point's neighborhood?
It is well-known that the harmonic functions have this remarkable Averaging Property: if $f$ is harmonic in a domain $U \subset R^n$, then, for any point $x \in U$, $f(x)$ is equal to the integral ...
- 91
7
votes
0
answers
132
views
Smoothing property of a certain singular integral operator of non-convolution type
For simplicity, suppose that the dimension $d=2$, and let $g_s(x)$ be the Coulomb or Riesz potential defined by
$$g_s(x) := \begin{cases} -\frac{1}{2\pi}\ln|x|, & {s=0} \\ c_s|x|^{-s},& {0<...
- 873
7
votes
0
answers
3k
views
Definition of homogeneous Sobolev spaces
As we know the inhomogeneous Sobolev space (we only consider $s>0$)
$${H}^{s}\left(\mathbb{R}^{n}\right)=\left\{f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n):\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}|\xi|^{2 s}|\hat{f}(\xi)|^{2} \mathrm{d} ...
- 633
7
votes
0
answers
927
views
What's the idea behind various equivalent norms on Besov spaces $B^{s}_{p,q}$?
I am trying to understand Besov spaces; and I am eager to see why the various norms are equivalent on it.
Let $\phi$ be a $C^{\infty}$ function on $\mathbb R^{n}$ with
$ \operatorname{supp} \phi \...
- 1,051
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Equivalent Norms on Sobolev Spaces
When $k$ is a positive integer and $1<p<\infty$, we know that there is some
$C>0$ such that for all $u\in W^{k,p}\left(\mathbb{R}^{N}\right) :$
$$
\left\Vert \left( -I+\Delta\right) ^{\...
- 233
6
votes
1
answer
285
views
Distinguishing the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
Theorem 2.3.9. in Triebel's Theory of Function Spaces states that the Besov space $B^{s_1, p_1}_{q_1} (\mathbb R^d)$ coincides with the Triebel-Lizorkin space $F^{s_2, p_2}_{q_2} (\mathbb R^d)$ if and ...
- 301
5
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Are Besov spaces $B^{s}_{p,q}$ invariant under Fourier transform?
(This may be very easy question for MO; as I am just trying to understand Besov spaces)
Let $\phi \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb R^{n})$ with
$ \operatorname{supp} \phi \subset \{\xi \in \mathbb R^{n}: |\xi|...
- 1,051
5
votes
1
answer
171
views
Invariant subspace in infinite dimensions
Let $A(t)$ be a family of skew self-adjoint operator defined on some Hilbert space $H$ with common domain $D(A).$
The dependence on $t$ is in the strongly continuous sense, i.e. for all $x \in D(A)$ ...
- 177
5
votes
1
answer
471
views
Embedding theorem for anisotropic Sobolev spaces
Let $d=d_1+d_2$, $s_1,s_2>0$, $p>1$ and $(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^{d_1}\times \mathbb{R}^{d_2}$, $(\xi_1,\xi_2)\in \mathbb{R}^{d_1}\times \mathbb{R}^{d_2}$. Define
$$
W^{s_1,s_2}_{p}:=\left\{f: ...
- 515
5
votes
1
answer
421
views
application of factorization theorem
Young's inequlity tells us that $L^{1}(\mathbb R)\ast L^{p}(\mathbb R) \subset L^{p}(\mathbb R)$ with norm inequality
$$\|f\ast g\|_{L^{p}} \leq \|f\|_{L^1}\|g\|_{L^p};$$
and of course this ...
- 1,051
5
votes
1
answer
281
views
de Rham theorem for tempered distributions
I am wondering if the following statement holds.
If $u\in \mathscr{S}'$ satisfies $\left< u,\Phi\right>=0$ for all $\Phi \in \mathscr{S}$ with $\mathrm{div}\, \Phi=0$, then there exists $p\in \...
- 323
5
votes
1
answer
311
views
Maximal operator estimates for the Schrödinger equation
Let $a>0$ and consider the operator
$$Tf(t,x)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}e^{ i x\cdot \xi} e^{i t \lvert\xi\rvert^{a}} \widehat{f}(\xi) \, d\xi.$$
When $a=2$, the function $Tf$ solves the Cauchy problem ...
- 852
4
votes
1
answer
221
views
Is a specific product function orthogonal to all harmonic functions
Suppose $\Omega=[-1,1]^3$. Let $f:[-1,1]\to \mathbb R$ and $g:[-1,1]^2\to \mathbb R$ be smooth functions and suppose that given any harmonic function on $\Omega$ (i.e. $\Delta u =0$ on $\Omega$), with ...
- 4,135
4
votes
1
answer
279
views
Schroedinger operator in 2 dimensions with singular potential
Consider the Schroedinger operator
$$H = -\Delta + \frac{c}{\vert x \vert^2}$$
in two dimensions with $c >0$
This operator has a self-adjoint realization, since it is a positive symmetric operator ...
4
votes
2
answers
644
views
Does there exists a necessary condition for Lp multiplier?
Let $1 \leq p \leq 2$. A measurable function $m(\xi)$ is called a $L^p(R^n)$ ($L^p$ for convenience) multiplier, if $$\|m(D)\varphi\|/\|\varphi\|_{L^p} \leq C , \varphi \in L^p
$$ for some constant $C$...
- 425
4
votes
2
answers
927
views
Rate of convergence of mollifiers // Sobolev norms
Following up to the question raised here, I am searching for a reference (or a simple argument) to establish (in the whole space) the following (suggested) equivalence :
Given $N_1$ and $N_2$ two (...
- 3,425
4
votes
0
answers
127
views
Algebra properties regarding Gevrey spaces: closed under multiplication
In page 24 of the paper Landau Damping: Paraproducts and Gevrey Regularity, the authors claimed an algebra property of Gevrey spaces, the formula (3.14), without giving a proof. So I'm asking for a ...
- 517
4
votes
0
answers
170
views
Pointwise convergence of the eigenfunctions expansion of $f(x)=\frac{1}{|x|}$
Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ a bounded domain with smooth boundary, $0<\lambda_1\leq \lambda_2 \leq \dots \leq \lambda_k\leq \dots$ the Dirichlet eigenvalues and $\{w_k\}_{k=1}^{+\infty}$ an $L^...
user39481
4
votes
0
answers
551
views
$f,g , |f|f, |g|g \in A(\mathbb R) \ \text{(Banach algebra)} \implies \left\|f|f|- g|g|\right\|\leq C \left \|f-g\right \|$?
Let $f\in L^{1}(\mathbb R)$ and it Fourier transform, $\hat{f} (y) : = \int _ {\mathbb R} f(x) e^{-2\pi i x\cdot y} dx ; y \in \mathbb R ;$ and consider Fourier algebra
$$A(\mathbb R):= \{f\in L^{1}(...
- 1,051
4
votes
0
answers
433
views
Scattering for rapidly decaying solutions of NLS
Cazenave and Weissler proved in their paper "Rapidly Decaying Solutions
of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation" the following property.
Given the problem
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{array}{rl}
...
- 403
3
votes
1
answer
164
views
Must a Schauder basis for $W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$ be oscillatory?
Suppose that $\Omega \subset \Bbb R^d$ is a sufficiently nice domain. From the examples of orthogonal bases in Hilbert space cases (or looking at a wavelets basis), it seems natural to me that one may ...
- 1,245
3
votes
1
answer
326
views
Spectral multipliers vis-a-vis Differential geometry
Let us mention two papers for examples: this one by Seeger and Sogge and this by Cheeger, Gromov and Taylor. One can also mention papers by Stein, for example, this one. There are also many others of ...
- 141
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Showing a singular integral operator takes Hölder continuous functions to Hölder continuous functions of the same order
I would like to show the following function is $\gamma$-Hölder continuous. Said function $F:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is defined by a singular integral operator of convolution type as ...
- 31
3
votes
1
answer
191
views
Complex sum of squares of vector fields (hypoelliptic operators)
Consider a compact $M$ of dimension $n$. Consider real smooth vector fields $X_0, X_1, X_2,..., X_n$ on $M$ and consider the differential operator $\mathcal{L}_1 = \sum_{i = 1}^n X_i^2 + X_0.$
Now, by ...
- 31
2
votes
3
answers
302
views
Uniqueness of solution depending on constant?
I am a physicist and I am aware that this forum is for professional mathematical questions, but please be not too hard on my notation.
I encountered the following integral equation for functions $f:[...
2
votes
1
answer
178
views
References for Neumann eigenfunctions
I am looking for references on eigenfunctions with Neumann boundary condition.
In an article, the author wrote in introduction that when a domain is planar polygon, the second eigenfunctions on it ...
- 721
2
votes
1
answer
244
views
Smoothness of distributions defined by oscillation integrals
In M.A. Shubin's book Pseudodifferential Operators and Spectral Theory, we have the following statement.
Let $X\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be an open set, and fix a symbol $a\in S_{\varrho,\delta}^m(X\...
- 1,247
2
votes
1
answer
382
views
Is the translation/dilation of an $L^p$-multiplier again an $L^{p}$-multiplier?
Suppose that $m:\mathbb R \to \mathbb C$ satisfies: there exists $C > 0$ such that
$$\| (m \hat{f})^{\vee} \|_{L^{p}} \leq C \|f\|_{L^{p}}.$$
That is, $m$ is an $L^{p}$-multiplier. Let $M(L^{p}...
- 1,051
2
votes
2
answers
836
views
Laplace equation on the disk with Robin boundary condition
Consider the following two dimensional Laplace equation on the unit disk $D$ with homogeneous Robin boundary condition:
$$\Delta u = 0, ~~\frac{\partial u}{\partial n} = b(x) u(x)~~ \forall x \in \...
- 903
2
votes
1
answer
311
views
Differentiation on $[0,1]$
EDIT:
Perhaps a more reasonable question after thinking about the answer I got would have been.
Is there a set $N$ of measure $1-\varepsilon$ and a disjoint partition of that set $N$ with finitely ...
- 536
2
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Pointwise convergence implies uniform convergence?
Let $K$ be an integral kernel of a bounded operator $S:L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) \rightarrow L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) $ defined like
$$(Sf)(x)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}K(x,y)f(y)dy.$$
Assume that $K\in C^{\text{bounded}...
- 329
2
votes
1
answer
396
views
$BMO$-property via a John-Nirenberg type estimate?
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^d, d\ge 2$, be bounded and denote a ball in $\mathbb R^d$ by $B$. Denote also
$$
f_B:= \frac1{|B|}\int_B f \, dx.
$$
Suppose $f \in L_{\rm loc}^p(\Omega)$ for all $1<p&...
- 632
2
votes
0
answers
180
views
Approximating $L^p$ functions by eigenfunctions of Laplacian
I'm reading a paper https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022039608004932.
In this paper, the authors assume that $\mathcal{O}$ is a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with $C^m$ boundary ...
- 121
2
votes
0
answers
206
views
Failure of Calderón–Zygmund inequality at the endpoints
$\newcommand\norm[1]{\lVert#1\rVert}\newcommand\abs[1]{\lvert#1\rvert}$I'd like to prove that the famous Calderón–Zygmund elliptic estimate $$ \norm{ \partial_{ij}u }_{L^p} \leq C \norm{\Delta u }_{L^...
- 457
2
votes
0
answers
126
views
On the infimium of a functional
Let $(M^n,g)$ be a closed Riemannian manifold. Define
$$\lambda(g)=\inf\{\mathcal{F}(g,f),\;0<f\in C^{\infty}(M),\; \int_Mf^2\;d\nu=1\},$$
where $$\mathcal{F}(g,f)=\int_M\left(|\nabla f|^2+ af^2\...
- 169
2
votes
0
answers
110
views
If $f_j\to f$ in $L^1(\Bbb R^n)$ then $Tf_j\to Tf$ in $L^{1,\infty}(\Bbb R^n)$
Let's define $A:=\{f\in L^1(\Bbb R^n)\cap L^2(\Bbb R^n)\;:\;f\;\mbox{has compact support}\}$. So $A$ is dense in $L^1(\Bbb R^n)$.
Given then $f\in L^1(\Bbb R^n)$; by density there exists $\{f_j\}_j\...
user76025
2
votes
0
answers
119
views
Find $U \in H^1(\Omega \times (0,\infty))$ such that $\nabla E(u-\bar u)\nabla U \geq 0?$ (PDE harmonic extension)
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded smooth domain. Given $u \in H^{\frac 12}(\Omega)$ with mean value $\bar u = 0$, let $Eu = v \in H^1(\Omega \times (0,\infty))$ solve
$$\int_0^\infty\int_\Omega \nabla v\nabla ...
- 49
1
vote
2
answers
181
views
Solution of $\Delta f -\frac{1}{2}hf = 0$ behaves asymptotically as $f(x) = 1 - C/|x|$
Let $f: \mathbb{R}^{3} \to \mathbb{R}$ be the solution of the following PDE:
$$\Delta f -\frac{1}{2}h f = 0$$
where $h \in C_{c}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$ (compactly supported an smooth) and $f$ ...
- 3,515
1
vote
1
answer
113
views
An integrable estimate of the Hölder constant of the map $x \mapsto \int_{\mathbb R^d} f(y) \partial_1 \partial_1 g_t (x-y) \, \mathrm d y$
Let $(g_t)_{t>0}$ be the Gaussian heat kernel on $\mathbb R^d$, i.e.,
$$
g_t (x) := (4\pi t)^{-\frac{d}{2}} e^{-\frac{|x|^2}{4t}},
\quad t>0, x \in \mathbb R^d.
$$
Let $f : \mathbb R^d \to \...
- 835
1
vote
1
answer
737
views
$L^2$ function in Schwartz space?
Let $f:\mathbb R^n \rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a smooth function whose derivatives are all polynomially bounded and $f \in L^{\infty}.$
Such a function has the property that when multiplied with any ...
- 177
1
vote
1
answer
400
views
The reproducing kernel for harmonics on compact manifolds
Page 39, proposition 1.1.3 here, http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cis610/sharmonics.pdf clearly explains how for every ``level" (the parameter $k$ in the proposition) one can construct a function ("kernel") ...
- 617
1
vote
1
answer
137
views
Can functions with "big" discontinuities be in $H^1$?
How can I prove that the function:
$$u:\Omega\to\mathbb{R},\ u(x)=\begin{cases} 0, x\in\omega \\[3mm] v(x), x\in\Omega\setminus\omega\end{cases}$$ is not in $H^1(\Omega)$, knowing that $v\geq 1$ is ...
- 1,759