Questions tagged [rational-points]
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216 questions
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Estimating the size of solutions of a diophantine equation
A. Is there natural numbers $a,b,c$ such that $\frac{a}{b+c} + \frac{b}{a+c} + \frac{c}{a+b}$ is equal to an odd natural number ?
(I do not know any such numbers).
B. Suppose that $\frac{a}{b+c} + \...
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Patterns among integer-distance points
Mark each point of $\mathbb{N}^2$ ($\mathbb{N}$ the natural numbers) if its
Euclidean distance from the origin is an integer. One obtains a plot like this, symmetric about the $45^\circ$ diagonal.
...
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Does every convex polyhedron have a combinatorially isomorphic counterpart whose faces all have rational areas?
Does every convex polyhedron have a combinatorially isomorphic counterpart whose faces all have rational areas?
Does every convex polyhedron have a combinatorially isomorphic counterpart whose edges ...
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Why is there a $\sqrt{5}$ in Hurwitz's Theorem?
Hurwitz's theorem is an extension of Minkowski's Theorem and deals with rational approximations to irrational numbers. The theorem states:
For every irrational number $\alpha$, there are infinitely ...
- 1,129
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Integer-distance sets
Let $S$ be a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$; I am especially interested in $d=2$.
Say that $S$ is an integer-distance set if every pair of points in $S$ is separated
by an integer Euclidean distance.
...
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answers
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Rational points on a sphere in $\mathbb{R}^d$
Call a point of $\mathbb{R}^d$ rational if all its $d$ coordinates are rational numbers.
Q1.
Are the rational points dense on the unit sphere $S :\; x_1^2 +\cdots+ x_d^2 = 1$, i.e. does $S$ ...
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Does $(x^2 - 1)(y^2 - 1) = c z^4$ have a rational point, with z non-zero, for any given rational c?
I need this result for something else. It seems fairly hard, but I may be missing something obvious.
Just one non-trivial solution for any given $c$ would be fine (for my application).
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Rational points on the "quintic circle" $x^5 + y^5 = 7$
I suspect that the curve $x^5 + y^5=7$ has no $\mathbb Q$ points, and a brief computer search verifies this hypothesis for denominators up to $10^4$. What techniques can be used to show that there are ...
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Closed vs Rational Points on Schemes
Background: When Ueno builds the fully faithful functor from Var/k to Sch/k he mentions that the variety $V$ can be identified with the rational points of $t(V)$ over $k$. I know how to prove this on ...
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Rational solutions of the Fermat equation $X^n+Y^n+Z^n=1$
As a generalisation to the equation of Fermat, one can ask for rational solutions of $X^n+Y^n+Z^n=1$ (or almost equivalently integer solutions of $X^n+Y^n+Z^n=T^n$).
Contrary to the case of Fermat, ...
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what is the maximum number of rational points of a curve of genus 2 over the rationals
Conjecturally, there exists an integer $n$ such that the number of rational points of a genus $2$ curve over $\mathbf{Q}$ is at most $n$. (This follows from the Bombieri-Lang conjecture.)
We are ...
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Identifying Ramanujan's integer solutions of $x^3+y^3+z^3=1$ among Elkies' rational solutions
In his Lost Notebook, Ramanujan exhibits infinitely many integer solutions to $x^3+y^3+z^3=1$. On his webpage (http://www.math.harvard.edu/~elkies/4cubes.html), Elkies determines all rational ...
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Totally rational polytopes
Define a convex polytope in $\mathbb{R}^d$ as
totally rational (my terminology)
if its vertex coordinates are rational, its edge lengths
are rational, its two-dimensional face areas are rational, etc.,...
- 151k
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Is the perimeter of an ellipse with integer axes irrational?
Let $Q$ be an ellipse with integer-length axes $a$ and $b$:
$$ \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 \;.$$
The perimeter of $Q$ is given by the complete elliptic integral of the 2nd kind, $E(\;)$:
$4 ...
- 151k
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Why should the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$ points on degree $d$ curves $C\subset \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{F}_q}^n$ decrease as $n$ increases?
This question concerns some counterintuitive results (to me at least) regarding the number of points on a projective curve over a finite field. Namely, if one fixes the degree of the curve, but ...
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Rational points à la Chabauty-Coleman
I have been trying to learn the method of Chabauty and Coleman to find rational points on curves; I have been reading an exposition by McCallum and Poonen which was pointed out to me by Emerton in ...
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Number of height-limited rational points on a circle
Consider origin-centered circles $C(r)$ of radius $r \le 1$.
I am seeking to learn how many rational points might lie on $C(r)$,
where each rational point coordinate has height $\le h$.
For example, ...
- 151k
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Why should an abelian variety with few places of bad reduction and a lot of endomorphisms not have many points?
In the paper "Points of Order 13 on Elliptic Curves" by Mazur-Tate, they say in the introduction:
It seemed ... that if such an abelian variety $J$, which has bad reduction at only one ...
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Rational Points on $y^2=x^3-86069^5$
The analytic rank of the Mordell elliptic curve $y^2=x^3-86069^5$ indicates that it has rank 2. However, deriving a set of generators, and hence the regulator, is proving to be a little bit of an ...
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Determining the Mordell-Weil group of a universal elliptic curve
Let $K$ be a number field and let $K(a,b)$ be the field of rational functions with two indeterminates over $K$. Consider the elliptic curve $E$ over $K(a,b)$ defined by the Weierstrass equation
\begin{...
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Elliptic curves and connected components
Are there elliptic curves of positive rank with two real connected components
in which all the rational points lie only on one component?
Concrete examples are really appreciated.
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Existence of points on varieties which avoid a given number field.
Let C be a geometrically integral curve over a number field K and let K' be a number field containing K. Does there exist a number field L containing K such that
$L \cap K' = K$, and
$C(L) \neq \...
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Can a harmonic number be a rational number for non-integer rational argument?
Define harmonic numbers for a complex argument $z$ as $H_z=\frac{\Gamma'(z+1)}{\Gamma(z+1)}-\Gamma'(1)$.
For $n\in\mathbb{N}$, $H_n$ are usual harmonic numbers $\sum^n_{k=1} k^{-1}$ . They are ...
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Rational points on surfaces of general type
The weak Lang conjecture asserts that rational points on a variety of general type defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ are not Zariski dense (same replacing $\mathbb{Q}$ with a number field). This one is proved ...
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rational points of a hyperelliptic curve
I have the following hyperelliptic curve of genus $2$:
$$
y^2 = 561 x^6 - 41904 x^5 + 627264 x^4 + 11860992 x^3 - 197074944 x^2 + 124416^2
$$
I need to find all the rational points on this curve. ...
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Existence of local sections
I would like to know when the property of "having a section" for a morphism of varieties in characteristic $0$ can be detected by spreading out to characteristic $p$.
Take a number field $K$, and let ...
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What evidence is there that $\mathbb{Q}^{ab}$ is ample?
A field $K$ is called ample if every smooth curve over $K$ that has a $K$-point has infinitely many $K$-points. Examples include fraction fields of henselian rings. (This is far from trivial, but was ...
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What is our current knowledge on the structure of J_0(N)(Q) and J_1(N)(Q)
The question in the title naturally breaks up in two parts, namely the torsion part and the rank part. I already read about some results on both the torsion and the rank part. And I want to know ...
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Kihara-like Z/6Z elliptic curve families
Shoichi Kihara constructed a family of elliptic curves with Mordell–Weil group $\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}^3$ (generic rank at least 3) in 2006. Kihara's family produces a number of rank 8 ...
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Artin representations appearing in Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbf{Q}$, and let $K$ be a Galois number field. The Galois group $G=\mathrm{Gal}(K/\mathbf{Q})$ acts on the Mordell-Weil group $E(K)$ and thus on the ...
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How much do I need to learn algebraic geometry to understand arithmetics over number fields
I am at the stage of learning. Mostly, I am attracted by algebraic number theory. Roughly speaking, I am interested in the rational points of algebraic varieties. I am little bit afraid to start to ...
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Non-trivial solutions for $-(c^2-d^2)(a^2-b^2)=2(ad-bc)(bd+ac)$?
Consider the quartic system in four variables $a,b,c,d\in\mathbb R$:
$$-(c^2-d^2)(a^2-b^2)=2(ad-bc)(bd+ac).$$
Does this system admit rational solution with $$abcd(c^2-d^2)(a^2-b^2)(a^2-c^2)(b^2-d^2)\...
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Galois Representations and Rational Points
Suppose $X$ and $Y$ are two connected smooth projective varieties over $\mathbb{Q}$ (of the same dimension) that have the same $\ell$-adic Galois representations (up to semisimplification). What is ...
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Z/8Z elliptic curve with a missing generator
We are searching for the rank $6$ elliptic curves with the torsion subgroup $\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}$ using the families similar to Allan MacLeod's as described in
A. J. MacLeod, A Simple Method for ...
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Schoenberg's rational polygon problem
"A polygon is said to be rational if all its sides and diagonals are rational, and I. J. Schoenberg has posed the difficult question, ‘Can any given polygon be approximated as closely as we like by a ...
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Geometrically unirational varieties that are not unirational
By a variety over a field $k$, I mean a scheme that is separated and
of finite type over $k$. I indicate changes of the base ring by
subscripts.
Does there exist a smooth and projective variety $V$ ...
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Possible groups of K-rational points for elliptic curves over arbitrary fields
It is known that the group $C(\Bbb R)$ has at most two connected components, and the connected component of the identity is isomorphic to $U(1)$ as a topological group (trivially) and $C(\Bbb Q)$ is ...
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What is the smallest sphere whose surface includes 100 integer points?
Let $S(r)$ be the surface of the origin-centered sphere in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
A point is an integer point if all its coordinates are integers.
What is the smallest radius $r_n$ such that $S(r_n)$ ...
- 151k
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Sums of cubes and more
It's well-known that every natural number can be written as a sum of 4 squares of integers.
Has there been any recent progress about the similar problem for the cubes, 4-th powers and so on? I ...
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Circles avoiding rational points of height $\le h$
Q. Which origin-centered circles $C(r)$ (or spheres in dimension $d$)
of radius $r < 1$ avoid all rational points
of height $\le h$?
A rational point is a point all of whose coordinates are ...
- 151k
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Are there infinitely many real multiplication fields of abelian surfaces over $\mathbb Q$?
Do there exist infinitely many real quadratic fields $F$ such that there is an abelian surface $A$ over $\mathbb Q$ whose ring of endomorphisms, tensored with $\mathbb Q$, is $F$?
Do there exist ...
- 149k
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Distribution of Mordell–Weil ranks of higher genus curves
By "nice curve", I mean a smooth, projective, geometrically integral curve over $\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}\newcommand{\Jac}{\operatorname{Jac}}\Q$ with at least one $\Q$-rational point. The Mordell–...
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Are the nonnegative rationals diophantine with only two quantifiers?
Definition: A subset $D\subseteq \mathbb{Q}$ is diophantine if it is the projection of the zero set of a polynomial, i.e. there exists a polynomial $f\in\mathbb{Q}[X,Y_1,\dots,Y_n]$ for some $n$ such ...
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Around the diophantine equation $\frac{a}{2b+3c}+\frac{b}{2c+3a}+\frac{c}{2a+3b}=\text{odd integer}$, over positive integers
I am interested to know if a similar theorem that shows this answer of the post
Estimating the size of solutions of a diophantine equation (this MathOverflow, January 5th 2016) is feasible for a ...
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2
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Shortest irrational path
What is the shortest curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$
from the origin $o=(0,0)$ to a rational point $p=(a,b)$
that (a) passes through no other rational point, and
(b) contains no point a ...
- 151k
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votes
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answer
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Average height of rational points on a curve
I am seeking a formalism to define the average height of
the rational points on a curve. This is straightforward
if the number of points is finite, but (to me) not straightforward
when the rational ...
- 151k
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Rational points techniques on curves not using their Jacobian
Let $C/K$ be a curve of genus > 2 over a number field $K$ and suppose there exists a $p \in C(K)$. Then a recurring theme in studying $C(K)$ is using the map $C \to J(C)$ normalized by sending $p$ to ...
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Rational points on varieties over local fields
In his expanded lecture notes Rational points on varieties, Bjorn Poonen writes the following:
REMARK 2.5.3: There is an algorithm that, given a local field $k$ of characteristic $0$ and a $k$-...
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Rational points on circular spirals
Is it the case that every unit-radius circular spiral,
$$x = \cos(t)$$
$$y = \sin(t)$$
$$z = c \cdot t$$
for $c \in \mathbb{R}^+$
is dense in rational-coordinate points
(i.e., all three coordinates ...
- 151k
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Varieties with infinitely many etale covers and rational points
Let $X$ be a (smooth projective geometrically connected) variety over a field $k$.
Consider the set Et$(X,k)$ of finite etale covers $Y\to X$ over $k$, with $Y$ geometrically connected over $k$.
...
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