Questions tagged [integer-sequences]
For questions about sequences of integers. References are often made to the online resource oeis.org.
399 questions
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A generalization of the difference of squares identity
Let us find explicit integer functions for the coefficients of the monomial expansion of
$$
Q \left( x_1, \ldots , x_n \right) = \prod_{\left( \kappa_1, \ldots , \kappa_{n-1} \right) \in \{-1,1\}^{n-1}...
- 149
3
votes
1
answer
140
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Sequences that sum up to Dowling numbers
Let $a(n,k)$ be the sequence of $k$-Dowling numbers (for more information see A007405 and its CROSSREFS section) with e.g.f.
$$\operatorname{exp}\left(x + \frac{\operatorname{exp}(kx) - 1}{k}\right)$$
...
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2
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0
answers
100
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Sequence of numbers related to line-segment intersections
Question:
what is known about the sequence $\mathbb{X}\subset \mathbb{N}_0$ such that for each $k\in \mathbb{X}$ there exists a set of $n$ points in general position in the Euclidean plane such that ...
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33
votes
2
answers
856
views
A sequence potentially consisting of only integers
I will first ask the question which can be stated very simply. Afterwards I will explain some motivation and give references to related sequences.
Consider the sequence defined by
$$b_n = \frac{(...
- 7,875
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vote
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182
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Ask for a proof of an inequality involving the Bernoulli numbers
Let $B_k$ be the Bernoulli numbers and let
\begin{equation}
T_k=\frac{2^{2k}}{(2k)!}|B_{2k}|, \quad k\ge1.
\end{equation}
Prove the inequality
\begin{equation*}
\frac{\frac{1}{k+2}\sum_{j=0}^{k+1}\...
- 1,101
2
votes
1
answer
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Permutation and its binary analog
Let $f(n)$ be A000045(n), i.e., Fibonacci numbers: $f(n)=f(n-1)+f(n-2)$ for $n>1$ with $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=1$.
Let $g(n)$ be A072649, i.e., $n$ occurs $f(n)$ times. The sequence begins with
$$1, 2, ...
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8
votes
0
answers
88
views
Generalization of Lucas sequences to order 3 (and above)
For fixed integer parameters $(P,Q)$, Lucas sequences represent a pair of complimentary integer sequences satisfying the same recurrence with the characteristic polynomial $f(x):=x^2 - Px + Q$. The ...
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2
votes
2
answers
178
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Fibonacci-like sequence
Fix three integers $a, b, c$ and consider a sequence of integers $a_{i,j}$ defined, for $i \ge 0, j \ge 0$, recursively as follows:
$a_{i,0}=1$ for every $i$, $a_{0,j}=a+bj+cj^2$ and, for $i \ge 1, j \...
- 331
1
vote
1
answer
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Cardinality of $\{ n_i + i^k: i \in \mathbb{N} \} \cap [1,T]$ where $\{n_i \}$ is all natural numbers in some order
Let $n_1, n_2, ...$ be a sequence of natural numbers such that $\{n_i: i \in \mathbb{N}\}$ as a set is all of natural numbers. Let $k$ be a positive integer. Is is possible to obtain a lower bound of ...
- 3,625
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0
answers
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views
Existence of binary permutations with a given property
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
Let
$$f(n)=n-2^{\ell(n)}$$
Let $a(n)$ be a permutation of the nonnegative integers such that $a(0)=0$, $a(n)=n$ if $n$ is a power of $2$ and ...
- 4,948
1
vote
1
answer
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How many non-isomorphic, simple, connected graphs with 6 vertices are there? [closed]
A graph is called simple if there are no loops and there are no multiple edges. Is it possible to compute the number of non-isomorphic, simple, connected graphs with 6 vertices? If the number is known,...
- 331
1
vote
0
answers
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views
Recurrence for the A284005
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
$$f(n)=n-2^{\ell(n)}$$
$$T(n,k)=\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2^k}\right\rfloor\operatorname{mod}2$$
$$\operatorname{wt}(2n+1)=\operatorname{wt}(n)+1, \...
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6
votes
5
answers
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views
Bounds for $a(n)=a(n-1)+a(\lfloor n/2 \rfloor)$
This is related to problem in graph theory.
OEIS defines A033485 as
$a(1)=1$ and $a(n)=a(n-1)+a(\lfloor n/2 \rfloor)$.
Q1 what are upper bounds and asymptotics for $a(n)$, can we get $\exp(o(n))$?
...
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1
vote
0
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94
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Combinatorial interpretation for the more general case of $R(n,0)$
Let $f(n), g(n,m), h(n)$ be an arbitrary functions which equal to the non-negative integers.
Let
$$
R(n,q) = \sum\limits_{j=0}^{f(q)}g(q,j)R(n-1,j),\\
R(0,q) = h(q)
$$
In the comment to the one of ...
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votes
0
answers
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views
Sequences that sum up to the many sequences in the OEIS
Let
$$a(n,m,k)=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{j=0}^{n}[n+kj\geqslant 0]\binom{n}{j}\binom{n+kj}{j-1}(m-1)^{j-1}$$
Here square brackets denote Iverson brackets.
There are many sequences in the OEIS that are ...
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0
answers
239
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Chess pieces metrics in higher dimensions
A couple of days ago, I was thinking about applying the knight (the well-known piece of chess) metric to any cubic lattice $\mathbb{N}^k$, $k \in \mathbb{N}-\{0,1\}$.
I suddenly realized that, from $k ...
- 1,451
1
vote
1
answer
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Coefficients of number of the same terms which are arising from iterations based on binary expansion of $n$
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
Let
$$T(n,k)=\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2^k}\right\rfloor\operatorname{mod}2$$
Here $T(n,k)$ is the $(k+1)$-th bit from the right side in the binary ...
- 4,948
6
votes
1
answer
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Values of the determinants $\det[(j-k)^m+\delta_{jk}]_{1\le j,k\le n}\ (m=1,2,3,\ldots)$
For positive integers $m$ and $n$, let $D_m(n)$ denote the determinant $\det[(j-k)^m+\delta_{jk}]_{1\le j,k\le n}$, where the Kronecker delta $\delta_{jk}$ is $1$ or $0$ according as $j=k$ or not.
...
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1
vote
0
answers
100
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Conjecture on numbers $k$ having only one partition into parts with same binary weight as a binary weight of $k$
Let $\operatorname{tr}(n)$ be A007814, number of trailing zeros in the binary representation of $n$.
Also, let $\operatorname{ntr}(n)$ be A086784, number of non-trailing zeros in the binary ...
- 4,948
2
votes
0
answers
76
views
Uniqueness of the permutation
Let $f(n)$ be A000045(n), i.e., Fibonacci numbers: $f(n)=f(n-1)+f(n-2)$ for $n>1$ with $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=1$.
Let $g(n)$ be A072649, i.e., $n$ occurs $f(n)$ times. The sequence begins with
$$1, 2, ...
- 4,948
41
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Can we find lattice polyhedra with faces of area 1,2,3,...?
I asked this question two months ago on MSE, where it earned the rare
Tumbleweed badge for garnering zero votes, zero answers, and 25 views over 61 days.
Perhaps justifiably so! Here I repeat it with ...
- 151k
0
votes
1
answer
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Non-Wieferich primes with Euler quotient modulo $p$ two and alternating harmonic numbers
Let $b(n)$ denote the Euler quotient modulo $n$.
In OEIS we have A128465 Numbers k such that k divides the numerator of alternating Harmonic number H'((k+1)/2)
For $n>1$ we have $b(A128465(n))=2$.
...
- 25.4k
3
votes
1
answer
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views
Are there infinitely many nonzero Euler quotients $a(n)=\frac{2^{\phi(n)}-1}{n} \bmod n$?
This might be related to an open problem.
For odd natural $n$ define the Euler quotient:
$$ a(n)=\frac{(2^{\phi(n)}-1) \bmod n^2}{n}=\frac{2^{\phi(n)}-1}{n} \bmod n$$
Q1 Are there infinitely many $n$ ...
- 25.4k
1
vote
0
answers
81
views
Infiniteness of the pairs of sequences with a given conditions
Let
$$\varphi=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$$
Let
$$a_1(n)=\left\lfloor n\varphi \right\rfloor, a_2(n)=n+a_1(n)$$
Let $\operatorname{tr}(n)$ be A007814, i.e., the number of trailing zeros in the binary ...
- 4,948
-3
votes
1
answer
544
views
Why do we need to represent integers as the sum of three cubes? [closed]
It is conjectured that for any integer $k\not\equiv \pm 4\pmod 9$ there are infinitely many integer solutions to
$$
a^3+b^3+c^3=k.
$$
Some cases for integer $k$ becomes too hard like $42$ which it ...
2
votes
0
answers
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views
Closed form for the A347205
Let $q(n)$ be A007814, i.e., number of trailing zeros in the binary representation of $n$. Here
$$q(2n+1)=0, q(2n)=q(n)+1$$
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120, i.e., number of $1$'s in binary ...
- 4,948
19
votes
2
answers
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views
A finite alternating sum
We have stumbled upon the following finite alternating sum, which we have trouble analyzing. The sum is:
$$
S_n = \sum_{j=0}^n \frac{ (-1)^j e^{-j} }{j!} (n-j)^j
$$
We have observed numerically that ...
- 193
2
votes
0
answers
70
views
Integer coefficients such that $T(n,k)=R(n,k)-R(n,k-1)$
Let $a(n)$ be A000085, i.e., the number of self-inverse permutations on $n$ letters, also known as involutions; number of standard Young tableaux with $n$ cells. Here
$$a(n) = a(n-1) + (n-1)a(n-2), a(...
- 4,948
1
vote
0
answers
57
views
Recurrence for the number of permutations with a given excedance set
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
$$f(n)=n-2^{\ell(n)}$$
$$T(n,k)=\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2^k}\right\rfloor\operatorname{mod}2$$
$$\operatorname{wt}(2n+1)=\operatorname{wt}(n)+1, \...
- 4,948
1
vote
1
answer
181
views
On the sequence $a(n)=\gcd(2^n-1,\phi(2^n-1))$
For natural $n$, define the sequence
$$
a(n)=\gcd(2^n-1,\phi(2^n-1))
$$
It doesn't appear to be in OEIS and starts
$1,1,1,1,9,1,1,1,3,1,9,1,3,1,1,1,27,1,75,49$
Q1 Can we unconditionally prove $a(n)=1$...
- 25.4k
7
votes
1
answer
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On nontotient Fibonacci numbers
This question is related to sequence of numbers $t$ such that $F_{6t}$ is a nontotient where $F_n$ represents the sequence of Fibonacci numbers for $n\geq 0$.
The online encyclopedia Wikipedia has the ...
- 701
18
votes
2
answers
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views
A conjecture harmonic numbers
I will outlay a few observations applying to the harmonic numbers that may be interesting to prove (if it hasn't already been proven).
From the Online Encyclopedia of Positive Integers we have:
$a(n)$ ...
- 181
4
votes
1
answer
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views
Combinatorics related plane geometry
There are $n$ men, standing one at each vertex of a convex $n$-gon. If they are allowed to move together along sides or diagonals of the polygon to reach another vertex, how many different ways are ...
- 201
5
votes
0
answers
256
views
How to solve the recursive formula $$A(n,k)=A(n-1,k)+A(n,k-1)+A(n-1,k-1)$$
Is there any known solution for the recursive formula
$$A(n,k)=A(n-1,k)+A(n,k-1)+A(n-1,k-1)$$
for given initial values A(0,0), A(1,0) and A(0,1)?
Does this formula have any geometric or combinatorial ...
- 81
34
votes
1
answer
3k
views
A remarkable almost-identity
OEIS sequence A210247 gives the signs of $\text{li}(-n,-1/3) = \sum_{k=1}^\infty (-1)^k k^n/3^k$, also the signs of the Maclaurin coefficients of $4/(3 + \exp(4x))$.
Mikhail Kurkov noticed that it ...
- 54.2k
1
vote
0
answers
100
views
Subsequence such that $c(a(n))=2^n$
Let $a(n)$ be A060831, i.e., $\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}\operatorname{number of odd divisors of} k$.
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
Let
$$b(n,k)=2b(n,k-1)-2^{k-1}, b(n,0)=n$$
Let $c(n)$ ...
- 4,948
2
votes
1
answer
153
views
Bounds for the sequence $a(n)=a(n-1)+a(\lfloor n-n^A \rfloor)$
Related to the question about a(n)=a(n-1)+a(floor(n/2))
Let $A$ be real constant $ 0 < A < 1$.
Define the sequence $a(n)$ by $a(1)=1, a(n)=a(n-1)+a(\lfloor n-n^A \rfloor)$
(if you prefer take $a'...
- 25.4k
0
votes
0
answers
61
views
Stolarsky array and Stolarsky representation
Let $T(n,k)$ be A035506, i.e., Stolarsky array read by antidiagonals. Here we consider that $T(n,k)=0$ for $n<1, k<1$.
Let $a(n)$ be A200714, i.e., Stolarsky representation interpreted as binary ...
- 4,948
4
votes
2
answers
594
views
Squares in Lucas sequences
Good night, everyone!
According to a celebrated result by J. H. Cohn, the only perfect squares in the Fibonacci sequence are $F_{0}=0$, $F_{1}=F_{2}=1$, and $F_{12}=144$. It is also known that the ...
- 87
0
votes
0
answers
94
views
Closed form for the number of steps required to get $n$ balls in the last box
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120, i.e., number of $1$'s in binary expansion of $n$ (or the binary weight of $n$).
Then we have an integer sequence given by
$$a(n)=n(n+1)-\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}\...
- 4,948
2
votes
1
answer
174
views
Asymptotic analysis of a peculiar sum of squares sequence
Let $a,b$ be two positive integers. Let the sequence $\{s_n\}_n$ be the set of all possible sums of squares $a^2+b^2$, such that they are in ascending order
\begin{align*}
& n=1 & s_1=1^2+1^2=...
- 151
3
votes
1
answer
92
views
Partition of $(2^{n+1}+1)2^{2^{n-1}+n-1}-1$ into parts with binary weight equals $2^{n-1}+n$
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120, i.e., number of $1$'s in binary expansion of $n$ (or the binary weight of $n$).
Let $a(n,m)$ be the sequence of numbers $k$ such that $\operatorname{wt}(k)=m$. ...
- 4,948
0
votes
1
answer
101
views
Recurrence for the number of steps required to get one ball in each box
Given $n$ balls, all of which are initially in the first of $n$ numbered boxes, $a(n)$ is the number of steps required to get one ball in each box when a step consists of moving to the next box every ...
- 4,948
8
votes
1
answer
363
views
Possible small mistake in Bilu-Hanrot-Voutier paper on primitive divisors of Lehmer sequences (?)
I think that I might have spotted I small mistake (a missing $5$-defective Lehmer pair) in the classification of terms of Lehmer sequences without primitive divisors given in:
1 Bilu, Hanrot, and ...
- 65
8
votes
0
answers
318
views
Why are these Littlewood-Richardson coefficients congruent to 1 mod 8?
Let $n\in{\mathbb N}$ and write $n=q_1+q_2+\dots+q_t$, where $q_1>q_2>\dots>q_t$ are powers of $2$. Let $\lambda_n$ be the partition with Frobenius symbol $(q_1-1,q_2-1,\dots,q_t-1;q_t,q_{t-1}...
- 1,090
2
votes
0
answers
115
views
Closed form for the sum of the integer coefficients
Let $a(n)$ be A002720, i.e., number of partial permutations of an $n$-set; number of $n \times n$ binary matrices with at most one $1$ in each row and column.
$$a(n)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n} k!\binom{n}{...
- 4,948
11
votes
3
answers
684
views
Series and sequences in physical systems & closed form expressions
I gave a colloquium a while ago about physics inspiring recent developments in mathematics and as is almost borderline cliche in such talks, I mentioned the Fibonacci sequence with closed form ...
4
votes
1
answer
219
views
Numbers $n$ whose representation as the product of two divisors require more digits than that of $n$
Note: Posting in MO since it was unanswered in MSE
Let $f(x)$ be the number of digits in the decimal representation of $x$ e.g. $, f(0) = 1, f(1729) = 4$. If $n = ab$ then we can show that $f(ab) > ...
- 5,470
5
votes
3
answers
1k
views
What is the asymptotic of the irregular blue curve? Is it $(8x)^{1/2}$ or is it something else?
From Terry Tao's post here there is the statement:
"Conversely, if one can somehow establish a bound of the form
$$\displaystyle \sum_{n \leq x} \Lambda(n) = x + O( x^{1/2+\epsilon} ) \tag{1}$$
...
- 1,183
1
vote
1
answer
594
views
Polynomials, $3^x$ and the Collatz conjecture
$\DeclareMathOperator\Orb{Orb}\newcommand\abs[1]{\lvert#1\rvert}$The Collatz or the $3n+1$ conjecture is open.
Are there non-trivial polynomials $f(x)\in\mathbb Z[x]$ and $g(x)\in\mathbb R[x]$ having ...
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