All Questions
287 questions
43
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Is this integral representation of $\zeta(2n+1)$ known?
Background: I'm an undergraduate at an institution with no researchers in analytic number theory, and no ties to the analytic number theory community. I believe I have found what is, as far as I can ...
- 383
40
votes
5
answers
8k
views
Is $\zeta(3)/\pi^3$ rational?
Apery proved in his paper from 1979 that $\zeta(3)$ is irrational, and we know that for all integers $n$,
$\zeta(2n)=\alpha \pi^{2n}$
for some $\alpha\in \mathbb{Q}$. Given these facts, it seems ...
- 7,013
30
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Motivation behind Analytic Number Theory
I am an undergraduate student of mathematics and recently took an introductory course in analytic number theory, where the instructor roughly followed Apostol's first text on the subject. I have now ...
- 317
29
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Closed formula for a certain infinite series
I came across this problem while doing some simplifications.
So, I like to ask
QUESTION. Is there a closed formula for the evaluation of this series?
$$\sum_{(a,b)=1}\frac{\cos\left(\frac{a}b\right)}{...
- 43.2k
29
votes
4
answers
5k
views
What is Ricardo Pérez-Marco's eñe product? Does it explain his statistical results on differences of zeta zeros?
The number theory community here at University of Michigan is abuzz with talk of this paper recently posted to the arxiv. If you haven't seen it already, the punch line is that the global differences ...
- 2,200
29
votes
5
answers
5k
views
Partial sums of multiplicative functions
It is well known that some statements about partial sums of multiplicative functions are extremely hard. For example, the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the assertion that $|\mu(1)+\mu(2)+\dots+\...
- 29k
26
votes
0
answers
567
views
Elliptic analogue of primes of the form $x^2 + 1$
I have a project in mind for an undergraduate to investigate next quarter -- a curiosity really, but I'm surprised I can't find it in the literature. I do not want a detailed analysis here... but ...
- 13.3k
24
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Elementary congruences and L-functions
In a recent article, Emmanuel Lecouturier proves a generalization of the following surprising result: for a Mersenne prime $N = 2^p - 1 \ge 31$, the element
$$ S = \prod_{k=1}^{\frac{N-1}2} k^k $$
...
- 32.6k
22
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Hecke equidistribution
For a prime $p\equiv 1\pmod{4}$, we can write $p=a^2+b^2=N(a+bi)$. Therefore
$$
a+bi=p^{1/2}e^{i\varphi}
$$
where $\varphi\in [0,2\pi]$. I know that Hecke proved that $\varphi$ is equidistributed. I ...
- 2,508
21
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Most squares in the first half-interval
It is well known that if $p$ is an odd prime, exactly one half of the numbers $1, \dots, p-1$ are squares in $\mathbb{F}_p$. What is less obvious is that among these $(p-1)/2$ squares, at least one ...
- 14.7k
21
votes
1
answer
771
views
Covering a set with geometric progressions
Consider the set $S_n=\{1,2,\cdots ,n\}$. What is the minimum number of distinct geometric progressions that cover $S_n$? Let us call this number $a_n$. I was wondering about this number after doing a ...
- 1,090
17
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Consequences of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture?
Before asking my short question I had made some research. Unfortunately I did not find a good reference with some examples. My question is the following
What are the consequences of the Birch and ...
17
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is every odd positive integer of the form $P_{n+m}-P_n-P_m$?
I am looking for a comment, reference, remark, or proof of three conjectures as follows:
Conjecture 1: Let $x$ be an odd positive integer. Then there exist two integers $n, m \ge 2$ so that $$x=P_{n+...
- 1,776
16
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Order of magnitude of $\sum \frac{1}{\log{p}}$
Question: What is the order of magnitude of the following sum?
$$ \sum_{\substack{p<n\\\text{$p$ prime}}} \frac{1}{\log{p}} $$
Additional information: Since
$$ \sum_{\substack{p<n\\\text{...
- 3,004
16
votes
1
answer
1k
views
On (a generalization of) the Gauss Circle Problem
Most (if not all) references I read about the Gauss Circle Problem that proves a bound below $O(R^{2/3})$ reduces the GCP to the Dirichlet Divisor Problem by the well known expression of $r_2(n)$, the ...
- 5,169
16
votes
1
answer
705
views
Connection between Bernoulli numbers and Riemann-Siegel theta function?
I have come across a strange approximation for the Riemann-Siegel theta function involving the Bernoulli numbers - namely that
$$\frac{1}{2} \log \left| B_{2 n}\right|\approx \vartheta (2n)\ ,\quad n ...
- 1,903
15
votes
5
answers
2k
views
Zeros of the derivative of Riemann's $\xi$-function
The Riemann xi function $\xi(s)$ is defined as
$$
\xi(s)=\frac12 s(s-1)\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)\zeta(s).
$$
It is an entire function whose zeros are precisely those of $\zeta(s)$.
Since $\xi$ is real ...
- 11.1k
15
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Evaluating the integral $\int_{1}^{\infty}\frac{\{u\}}{u^{2}}\left(\log u\right)^{k}du.$
I am trying to find a formula for the following integral for non-negative integer $k$:
$$\int_1^{\infty}\frac{\{u\}}{u^{2}}\left(\log u\right)^{k}du.$$
My first thought was to use the formula $$\...
- 11.4k
15
votes
1
answer
969
views
Counting lattice points inside a three-dimensional ellipsoid
I want to answer the following simple question:
Given a three-dimensional ellipsoid defined by $Q(x, y, z) \leq Z$ for a positive definite quadratic form $Q$, how many lattice points in $\mathbb{Z}^...
- 7,347
14
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Jacobi's theorem on sums of two squares (reference request)
One of Jacobi's theorems states that the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ as a sum of two squares of integers equals
$$4(d_1(n)-d_3(n)),$$
where the function $d_i$ counts the number ...
- 3,062
14
votes
1
answer
497
views
Geometric Mean of $L(1,\chi)$ for quadratic Dirichlet characters
Let $S = \{D_1, D_2, D_3, \ldots \}$ be the set of all prime discriminants
(or positive prime discriminants) of quadratic number fields. For such a
discriminant let $\chi_j(n) = (\frac{D_j}n)$ be ...
- 32.6k
14
votes
1
answer
285
views
Lower bounds for class number of function fields with fixed $q$, growing $g$
Let $X$ be a smooth project curve of genus $g$ over the finite field with $q$ elements. Let $h$ be $\# \mathrm{Pic}^0(X)(\mathbb{F}_q)$. Weil showed that $h \geq (\sqrt{q}-1)^{2g}$. Lachaud and Martin-...
- 156k
13
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Question about a lesser-known "class number formula" of Gauss
My question refers to article 301 of section 5 of Gauss's D. A. - there Gauss gives an asymptotic formula for the mean number of classes of forms with positive discriminant ($D>0$):
$$h(D) = \frac{...
- 2,099
13
votes
2
answers
644
views
Reference for a conjecture on the first primes congruent to 1 modulo other primes
Given a prime $p$, define $f(p)$ to be the smallest prime congruent to $1$ modulo $p$. For example, $f(7)=29$. It has been conjectured that $f(p)<p^2$ always: by Schinzel in his "Hypothesis H" ...
- 12.8k
13
votes
2
answers
726
views
Special values of $\zeta$ outside the real line and the critical strip
The values of Riemann's function at the integers have been extensively studied. I was wondering, is there anything interesting known (or conjectured) to happen arithmetically outside the real line (...
- 17.6k
13
votes
0
answers
328
views
Upper bound on prime powers in interval
I just spent a full day on the brutish and thankless task of proving that the Brun-Titchmarsh bound holds for prime powers (including primes), and not just for primes, in the following senses:
(a) the ...
- 20.2k
12
votes
1
answer
526
views
Equidistribution of $\{\alpha p\}$ for $p$ in an arithmetic progression
Let $\alpha$ be irrational. A famous theorem of Vinogradov says that $\{ \alpha p\}$ is equidistributed in $[0,1]$ as $p$ runs over all primes.
Let $a,q$ be natural numbers with $\gcd(a,q) = 1$. Then ...
- 21.3k
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Do Shintani zeta functions satisfy a functional equation?
Probably my questions are known or evident to the experts but I'm a bit puzzled. First of all there seem to be two kinds of zeta functions that go under the name of Shintani zeta functions.
First, ...
- 2,029
11
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Has this number-theoretic constant been studied?
Unless I made a mistake, the expected value of the largest exponent in the prime factorization of random positive integer (defined in the appropriate way) is $$\eta := \sum_{n=1}^\infty \Big(1-\zeta(n)...
- 1,355
11
votes
4
answers
707
views
Deriving an asymptotic for $\pi(x)$ directly from $\log \zeta(s)$?
Denote by $\pi(x)$ the number of primes $p\leq x$. We generally give approximations for $\pi(x)$ by first approximating $\psi(x) = \sum_{n\leq x} \Lambda(n)$. Part of the reason is presumably that, if ...
- 20.2k
11
votes
6
answers
2k
views
The Wiener-Ikehara approach to the PNT
Was providing an alternative proof of the PNT one of the main impulses that led to the discovery of the Tauberian theorem of Wiener and Ikehara or the other way around?
In any case, do you know who ...
- 8,842
11
votes
3
answers
745
views
Counting points on lattices
I expect that the following is a standard problem from analytic number theory, but I don't know where exactly to look for an answer.
Let f: ℤr→ H be a surjective homomorphism into a ...
- 527
11
votes
1
answer
328
views
Critical points of Dirichlet L functions
Let $L(s,\chi)$ denote a Dirichlet $L$-function for a real-valued non-principal
character $\chi$. This has limiting value $L(\infty,\chi) = 1$ and we are interested in how this limit is approached ...
- 1,411
11
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Good books on Dirichlet's class number formula
I refrained from asking the technical questions; maybe everyone didn't like my attitude. At least, help me finding good books.
Can anyone suggest a good book that gives a complete reference to "...
Trust God
11
votes
1
answer
1k
views
The Bombieri Vinogradov Theorem restricted to moduli divisible by $k$
The Bombieri-Vinogradov Theorem states that given $A>0$, there exists $B>0$ such that for $Q=\sqrt{x}\left(\log x\right)^{-B},$ we have $$\sum_{q\leq Q}\max_{y\leq x}\max_{\begin{array}{c}
a\...
- 11.4k
11
votes
1
answer
498
views
Siegel--Walfisz for number fields
For a number field $K$, we write $\Delta_K$ for its absolute discriminant. I was hoping for a Siegel--Walfisz type theorem of the following type:
Let $A > 0$. Then for every $X > 0$, every ...
- 502
10
votes
1
answer
1k
views
A generalisation of theorem of Landau on sum of two squares?
Let
$r(B)$ be the number of integers $1 \leq n \leq B$ such that $n = x^2 + y^2$ for some $x, y \in \mathbb{Z}.$
Then it is a known theorem of Landau that
$$
r(B) \sim C \frac{B}{\sqrt{\log B}}
$$
...
- 3,625
10
votes
2
answers
870
views
Bound on gcd of two integers
Well this is a problem I was fiddling with. I came up with it but it probably is not original.
Suppose $a\in \mathbb{N}$ is not a perfect square. Then show that :
$$\text{gcd}(n,\lfloor{n\sqrt{a}}...
- 1,090
10
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Quantitative and elementary proofs of the Prime Number Theorem
I would like to know two things: one, whether the best quantative bounds in the Prime Number Theorem are still basically those given by the Vinogradov-Korobov zero-free region? and two, whether there ...
- 1,687
10
votes
1
answer
314
views
Coefficient bounds on cusp forms, half-integer weight
Let $f(\tau) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a(n) q^n$ be a cusp form on $\Gamma_0(4N)$ of half-integer weight $k \ge 5/2.$ The Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture in this case is that $$a(n) \ll n^{(k-1)/2 + \...
- 101
10
votes
2
answers
849
views
Schur's proof of Hilbert's inequality: streamlining?
TL;DR: Is there a way to make Schur's (elegant) proof of Hilbert's inequality feel like
less of a trick/miracle?
Longer version: Let me go quickly over Schur's proof to show what I mean. Actually, let ...
- 20.2k
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Sums of two squares in arithmetic progressions
Let $r(n)$ denote the number of representations of $n$ as the sum of two squares. Are there any known results on $$\sum _{n\leq x\atop {n\equiv a(q)}}r(n)$$ and in particular is there an asymptotic ...
- 143
9
votes
1
answer
388
views
$π(x+y) - π(x) ≤ c·y/\ln(y)$ for some constant $c$?
(I posted this question on Math SE but it has had no answer for a year now so I would like to ask if anyone here can provide one.)
Thinking about the prime number theorem, I wondered whether it is ...
- 2,912
9
votes
2
answers
286
views
What is the density of integers of the form $a^2+nb^2$?
Landau proved that the mean density of integers of the form $a^2+b^2$ up to $x$ is $K\frac{x}{\sqrt{\log x}} (1+o(1))$, where $K$ is an explicit constant. One proof is based on the fact that a prime $...
- 3,362
9
votes
2
answers
839
views
Reference and best bounds of $\sum_{n\leq x}\frac{\mu(n)}{n}$
Could someone please provide information about the best possible known bounds of the sum $$A(x)=\sum_{n\leq x}\frac{\mu(n)}{n}?$$ Unconditionally, $A(x)=O(e^{-c\sqrt{\log x}})$ is known to me. Does ...
- 1,692
9
votes
2
answers
547
views
Primes between $x$ and $x+x^\theta$
Iwaniec [1] proved that
$$
\pi(x+x^\theta)-\pi(x) < \frac{(2+\varepsilon)x^\theta}{\eta(\theta)\log x},\ x>x_0(\varepsilon,\theta).
$$
with
$$
\eta(\theta)=\frac{15\theta-2}{9}.
$$
(Actually, he ...
- 9,114
9
votes
3
answers
658
views
Vinogradov-Korobov for Dirichlet L-functions?
Where can one find a Vinogradov-Korobov zero-free region for Dirichlet L-functions? It has to be in a standard reference, but I'm having a non-trivial time finding it.
- 20.2k
9
votes
1
answer
574
views
Innovations in number theory leading to breakthroughs in statistical mechanics
Might there be a good reference on the interaction of number theory with statistical physics? I am particularly interested in innovations in number theory that have led to breakthroughs in statistical ...
- 3,871
9
votes
2
answers
647
views
On bounds for idoneal integer
What is the best known lower bound and upper bound known for such a number if it exists and have there been any attempts (computational including) to eliminate the existence of such a number in known ...
user76479
9
votes
2
answers
2k
views
References on Taylor series expansion of Riemann xi function
I am looking for the references on Taylor series expansion of Riemann xi function at $\frac{1}{2}$.
$$ \xi (s)=\sum_0^{\infty}a_{2n}(s-\frac{1}{2})^{2n}$$
where
$$a_{2n}=4\int_1^{\infty}\frac{d[x^{3/...
- 603