All Questions
Tagged with nt.number-theory analytic-number-theory
356 questions
49
votes
2
answers
11k
views
Is this Riemann zeta function product equal to the Fourier transform of the von Mangoldt function?
Mathematica knows that:
$$\log(n) = \lim\limits_{s \rightarrow 1} \zeta(s)\left(1 - \frac{1}{n^{(s - 1)}}\right)\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (1)$$
The von Mangoldt function should then be:
$$\Lambda(n)=...
22
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Hecke equidistribution
For a prime $p\equiv 1\pmod{4}$, we can write $p=a^2+b^2=N(a+bi)$. Therefore
$$
a+bi=p^{1/2}e^{i\varphi}
$$
where $\varphi\in [0,2\pi]$. I know that Hecke proved that $\varphi$ is equidistributed. I ...
- 2,508
58
votes
3
answers
6k
views
Number of elements in the set $\{1,\cdots,n\}\cdot\{1,\cdots,n\}$
Let $A_n=\{a\cdot b : a,b \in \mathbb{N}, a,b\leq n\}$. Are there any estimates for $|A_n|$? Will it be $o(n^2)$?
- 897
45
votes
1
answer
5k
views
Is it possible to show that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\mu(n)}{\sqrt{n}}$ diverges?
Let $\mu(n)$ denote the Mobius function with the well-known Dirichlet series representation
$$
\frac{1}{\zeta(s)} = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\mu(n)}{n^{s}}.
$$
Basic theorems about Dirichlet series ...
- 20.4k
13
votes
2
answers
1k
views
distribution of coprime integers
Let $0 < a < 1$ be fixed, and integer $n$ tends to infinity. It is not hard to show that the number of integers $k$ coprime to $n$ such that $1\leq k\leq an$ asymtotically equals $(a+o(1))\...
- 109k
137
votes
2
answers
55k
views
Consequences resulting from Yitang Zhang's latest claimed results on Landau-Siegel zeros
Very recently, Yitang Zhang just gave a (virtual) talk about his work on Landau-Siegel zeros at Shandong University on the 5th of November's morning in China. He will also give a talk on 8th November ...
- 1,503
40
votes
8
answers
12k
views
How does one motivate the analytic continuation of the Riemann zeta function?
I saw the functional equation and its proof for the Riemann zeta function many times, but usually the books start with, e.g. tricky change of variable of Gamma function or other seemingly unmotivated ...
- 3,806
26
votes
5
answers
3k
views
Are the 'semi' trivial zeros of $\zeta(s) \pm \zeta(1-s)$ all on the critical line?
The proof that $\Gamma(z)\pm \Gamma(1-z)$ only has zeros for $z \in \mathbb{R}$ or $z= \frac12 +i \mathbb{R}$ has been given here:
Are all zeros of $\Gamma(s) \pm \Gamma(1-s)$ on a line with real ...
- 4,169
21
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Is the Euler product formula always divergent for 0<Re(s)<1?
It is known that the Euler product formula converges for $\Re(s)>1$
(and there it represents the Riemann zeta function).
My question: Is the Euler product always divergent for
$0 < \Re(s) < ...
- 255
5
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Goldbach conjecture and other problems in additive combinatorics
The field is also known as additive number theory. I am interested in sums $z=x + y$ where $x \in S, y\in T$, and both $S, T$ are infinite sets of positive integers. For instance:
$S = T$ is the set ...
- 3,098
69
votes
4
answers
14k
views
Is a "non-analytic" proof of Dirichlet's theorem on primes known or possible?
It is well-known that one can prove certain special cases of Dirichlet's theorem by exhibiting an integer polynomial $p(x)$ with the properties that the prime divisors of $\{ p(n) | n \in \mathbb{Z} \}...
- 118k
62
votes
1
answer
14k
views
Is the Green-Tao theorem true for primes within a given arithmetic progression?
Ben Green and Terrence Tao proved that there are arbitrary length arithmetic progressions among the primes.
Now, consider an arithmetic progression with starting term $a$ and common difference $d$. ...
- 3,699
55
votes
4
answers
4k
views
An interesting integral expression for $\pi^n$?
I came on the following multiple integral while renormalizing elliptic multiple zeta values:
$$\int_0^1\cdots \int_0^1\int_1^\infty {{1}\over{t_n(t_{n-1}+t_n)\cdots (t_1+\cdots+t_n)}} dt_n\cdots dt_1.$...
- 1,307
46
votes
4
answers
8k
views
Why could Mertens not prove the prime number theorem?
We know that
$$
\sum_{n \le x}\frac{1}{n\ln n} = \ln\ln x + c_1 + O(1/x)
$$
where $c_1$ is a constant. Again Mertens' theorem says that the primes $p$ satisfy
$$
\sum_{p \le x}\frac{1}{p} = \ln\ln ...
- 5,470
43
votes
8
answers
21k
views
Approaches to Riemann hypothesis using methods outside number theory [closed]
Background: Once an analytic number theorist remarked to me that all attempts to prove the Riemann hypothesis using number theoretic methods have failed. Since then that remark stuck in my mind.
The ...
29
votes
4
answers
5k
views
Good uses of Siegel zeros?
The short version of my question goes: What is known to follow from the existence of Siegel zeros?
A longer version to give an idea of what I have in mind: The "exceptional zeros" of course first ...
- 291
18
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Many representations as a sum of three squares
Let $r_3(n) = \left|\{(a,b,c)\in {\mathbb Z}^3 :\, a^2+b^2+c^2=n \}\right|$. I am looking for the maximum asymptotic size of $r_3(n)$. That is, the maximum number of representations that a number can ...
- 1,072
11
votes
2
answers
3k
views
least prime in a arithmetic progression
Hello
Here I want to consider the simplest arithmetic progression $n\equiv 1\pmod{q}$ where $q$ is a prime. Is it true that we can find a prime $p\leq q^2$ in this arithmetic progression?
This ...
- 2,508
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Are there infinitely many L-rigs?
$\DeclareMathOperator{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}$Call "L-rig" any class $\mathcal{L}$ of L-functions of automorphic representations of $\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{\Q})$ for some $n$ belonging to ...
- 6,974
74
votes
10
answers
18k
views
Why does the Gamma-function complete the Riemann Zeta function?
Defining $$\xi(s) := \pi^{-s/2}\ \Gamma\left(\frac{s}{2}\right)\ \zeta(s)$$ yields $\xi(s) = \xi(1 - s)$ (where $\zeta$ is the Riemann Zeta function).
Is there any conceptual explanation - or ...
- 12.3k
69
votes
3
answers
9k
views
What is the status of the Gauss Circle Problem?
For $r > 0$, let $L(r) = \# \{ (x,y) \in \mathbb{Z}^2 \ | \ x^2 + y^2 \leq r^2\}$ be the number of lattice points lying on or inside the standard circle of radius $r$. It is easy to see that $L(r) ...
- 65.4k
54
votes
2
answers
8k
views
Walsh Fourier transform of the Möbius function
This question is related to this previous question where I asked about ordinary Fourier coefficients.
Special case: is Möbius nearly orthogonal to Morse
August Ferdinand Möbius (November 17, 1790 – ...
14
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Zeta Function: Zero Density Theorems.
I was reading about some of the zero density Theorems for my Analytic Number Theory Topics course. While looking over some more complicated results and proofs a few simple questions came up:
First, ...
- 11.4k
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Characterizing the newforms s.t. the associated symmetric square $L$-function has a pole
I have a straightforward question. Let $f$ be a holomorphic cusp form of weight $k$, level $N$, and nebentypus $\chi$ that is new in the sense of Atkin-Lehner theory. Write its Fourier expansion at $\...
- 1,217
7
votes
1
answer
443
views
Density of numbers whose prime factors belong to given arithmetic progressions
By a theorem of Landau, the number of integers $n\leq x$ whose prime divisors belong to only arithmetic progressions $a_1,\dots,a_r$ mod $q$, with $r\leq\varphi(q)$ and $a_i$ coprime to $q$ for each $...
- 3,799
2
votes
2
answers
489
views
On the integral $I_s =\int_{1}^{\infty} (\pi(x)-Li(x))x^{-s-1} dx$
Define $\pi(x)$ to be the prime counting function and Li(x) the logarithmic integral. Let $I_s$ be defined as above.
Is $I_s$ known to be convergent for any real number $s<1$ ?
user140392
157
votes
7
answers
74k
views
Consequences of the Riemann hypothesis
I assume a number of results have been proven conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis, of course in number theory and maybe in other fields. What are the most relevant you know?
It would also be nice ...
106
votes
6
answers
19k
views
Why does the Riemann zeta function have non-trivial zeros?
This is a very basic question of course, and exposes my serious ignorance of analytic number theory, but what I am looking for is a good intuitive explanation rather than a formal proof (though a ...
- 29k
67
votes
17
answers
12k
views
Shortest/Most elegant proof for $L(1,\chi)\neq 0$
Let $\chi$ be a Dirichlet character and $L(1,\chi)$ the associated L-function evaluated at $s=1$. What would be the 'shortest' proof of the non-vanishing of $L(1,\chi)$?
Background: The non-vanishing ...
- 7,127
29
votes
1
answer
1k
views
About the function $\prod_{k \in \mathbb{N}}(1-\frac{x^3}{k^3})$
I'm wondering if the function $$f(x)=\prod_{k \in \mathbb{N}}\left(1-\frac{x^3}{k^3}\right)$$ has a name, or if there are any properties (especially about derivatives of $f$) have studied so far.
I ...
- 483
24
votes
1
answer
2k
views
How good is "almost all" when it comes to the Riemann Hypothesis?
Let $N(T)$ be the number of zeroes of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta$ having imaginary part strictly between $0$ and $T$, and let $N_0(T)$ be the number of those zeroes that also have real part ...
- 231
24
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Error to sum of Euler phi-functions
The number theory identity $\phi(1) + \phi(2) + \dots + \phi(n) \approx \frac{3n^2}{\pi^2}$ can be interpreted as counting relatively prime pairs of numbers $0 \leq \{ x,y \} \leq n$ .
&...
- 22.8k
23
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Why are values of Eisenstein $E_2^*$ algebraic integers?
I'm looking for a proof that the following term is an algebraic integer whenever $\tau_N=\frac{N+\sqrt{-N}}{2}$ is a quadratic irrationality with class number $1$:
$$A_N:=\sqrt{-N}\cdot\frac{E_2(\...
- 598
22
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Small quotients of smooth numbers
Assume that $N=2^k$, and let $\{n_1, \dots, n_N\}$ denote the set of square-free positive integers which are generated by the first $k$ primes, sorted in increasing order. Question: what is a good ...
- 2,207
20
votes
1
answer
2k
views
On a Conjecture of Schinzel and Sierpinski
Melvyn Nathanson, in his book Elementary Methods in Number Theory (Chapter 8: Prime Numbers) states the following:
A conjecture of Schinzel and Sierpinski asserts that every positive rational number $...
- 4,795
17
votes
3
answers
3k
views
A variant of the Goldbach Conjecture
I am asking if this variant of the weak Goldbach Conjecture is already known.
Let $N$ be an odd number. Does there exist prime numbers $p_1$, $p_2$ and $p_3$ such that $p_1+p_2-p_3=N$? Ideally, can ...
- 901
16
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Arithmetic progressions without small primes
The following question came up in the discussion at How small can a group with an n-dimensional irreducible complex representation be? :
Is it known that there are infinitely many primes p for which ...
- 156k
16
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Order of magnitude of $\sum \frac{1}{\log{p}}$
Question: What is the order of magnitude of the following sum?
$$ \sum_{\substack{p<n\\\text{$p$ prime}}} \frac{1}{\log{p}} $$
Additional information: Since
$$ \sum_{\substack{p<n\\\text{...
- 3,004
16
votes
4
answers
10k
views
Exact formulas for the partition function?
I am curious, what kind of exact formulas exist for the partition function $p(n)$?
I seem to remember an exact formula along the lines $p(n) = \sum_k f(n, k)$, where $f(n, k)$ was some extremely ...
- 7,337
14
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Does Weyl's Inequality prove equidistribution?
Let $f(n) = \theta n^d + a_{d-1} n^{d-1} + \cdots a_1 n + a_0$ be a polynomial with real coefficients, and $\theta$ irrational. Let $S_N = \sum_{n=1}^N e^{2 \pi i f(n)}$. Weyl's Equidistribution ...
- 156k
14
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Consecutive non squarefree integers
Question: Is there a function $f(n) \rightarrow \infty$, such that infinitely often the interval $[n,n+\frac{f(n) \log(n)}{\log{\log(n)}}]$ does not contain a squarefree integer?
Additional ...
- 432
12
votes
1
answer
2k
views
What is the best known upper bound for the number of twin primes?
A quantitative form of the twin prime conjecture asserts that the the number of twin primes less than $n$ is asymptotically equal to $2\, C\, n/ \ln^2(n)$ where $C$ is the so-called twin prime ...
- 13k
11
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Does this product have analytic continuation?
The product
$$
F(s)=\prod_{p}\frac1{(1-p^{-s})^p},
$$
converges for $\mathrm{Re}(s)>2$, when $p$ runs over all primes. Does it admit analytic continuation beyond the line $\mathrm{Re}(s)=2$? Any ...
user1688
9
votes
1
answer
475
views
Error term in Davenport's sum $\sum_{n \leq x } \mu(n) \exp(2 \pi i \alpha n ) $
Reference request:
Davenport proved that for every fixed $N>1 $ one has $$ \sup_{\alpha \in \mathbb R } \left | \sum_{1\leq n \leq x } \mu(n) \exp(2 \pi i \alpha n )\right | = O_N\left( \frac{x}{(\...
- 3,062
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Lattice points on the boundary of an ellipse
How many points of the integer lattice ${\mathbb Z}^2$ can an axis-parallel ellipse of radius $r$ contain on its boundary? (that is, we consider ${\mathbb Z}^2$ as lying in ${\mathbb R}^2$). ...
- 1,072
8
votes
2
answers
759
views
$L_2$ bounds for tails of $\zeta(s)$ on a vertical line
Let $0<\sigma\leq 1$. Let $T$ be large. How can we give good explicit $L^2$ bounds on the tails of $\zeta(\sigma+it)$? That is, we want to bound the quantity $$\int_{\sigma-i\infty}^{\sigma-iT} + \...
- 20.2k
7
votes
1
answer
786
views
Are there effective small intervals in which primes are dense?
As mentioned in Terry Tao's comment to this question, it is constructively known
that there are primes between sufficiently large cubes. $\:$ According to wikipedia,
"there exists a constant $\: \...
user5810
6
votes
1
answer
600
views
How to compute Coefficients in Chudnovsky's Formula?
My aim is to understand all three coefficients arising in the Chudnovsky-Formula (see also Question 300385). Two of them are easily computed, but I failed with the third:
It is known that for all $\...
- 598
0
votes
0
answers
166
views
General asymptotic result in additive combinatorics (sums of sets)
Let $S_1,\cdots,S_k$ be $k$ infinite sets of positive integers. Let $N_i(z)$ be the numbers of elements in $S_i$ that are less or equal to $z$. Let us further assume that
$$N_i(S) \sim \frac{a_i z^{...
- 3,098
79
votes
6
answers
11k
views
Does Zhang's theorem generalize to $3$ or more primes in an interval of fixed length?
Let $p_n$ be the $n$-th prime number, as usual:
$p_1 = 2$, $p_2 = 3$, $p_3 = 5$, $p_4 = 7$, etc.
For $k=1,2,3,\ldots$, define
$$
g_k = \liminf_{n \rightarrow \infty} (p_{n+k} - p_n).
$$
Thus the twin ...
- 79.9k