All Questions
72 questions
15
votes
0
answers
477
views
Quantitative Skorokhod embedding
The Skorokhod embedding theorem says that any random variable $X$ with $\mathbb E X=0$ and $\mathbb E[X^2]<\infty $ can be written as $X=B_{\tau }$ where $B$ is a Brownian motion and $\tau $ is a ...
- 723
14
votes
0
answers
718
views
Lower bounds on analytic functions connected to Fox H
The question is related to the one I asked before and never got an answer to. Fourier transform of $f_a(x)= a^{-2}\exp(-|x|^a)$, $a \in (0,2)$, is decreasing in $a$ . I need to demonstrate that the ...
- 178
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Riesz–Markov–Kakutani representation theorem for compact non-Hausdorff spaces
Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff topological space, and $\mathcal C^0 (X) = \{f:X\to\mathbb{R}; \ f \text{ is continuous }\}$. It is well known that for any bounded linear functional $\phi: \mathcal C^...
- 333
11
votes
1
answer
676
views
Entropy arguments used by Jean Bourgain
My question comes from understanding a probabilistic inequality in Bourgain's paper on Erdős simiarilty problem: Construction of sets of positive measure not containing an affine image of a given ...
- 196
10
votes
1
answer
330
views
(Sharp) Bounds on $E(XYZ)$ given all the bivariate marginals
Suppose $X,Y,Z$ are all real-valued random variables. Suppose I know the joint marginal distributions of $(X,Y)$, $(Y,Z)$ and $(X,Z)$. I want to find bounds on $E(XYZ)$.
In the case of bounding $E(XY)$...
- 181
9
votes
1
answer
652
views
Scaling in Mehta's integral
The following expression is known as Mehta's integral and deeply connected to random matrix theory:
$$\frac{1}{(2\pi)^{n/2}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \cdots \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \prod_{i=1}^n e^{-...
- 124
9
votes
1
answer
358
views
Relaxation of notion of positive definite function
A function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ is called positive definite (in the semigroup sense) if for all $n\geq 1$ and $x_1,\ldots,x_n\in\mathbb{R}$ pairwise different the matrix $(f(x_i+x_j))_{i,j=1}^n$...
- 3,031
7
votes
3
answers
4k
views
Is a semicontinuous real function Borel measurable?
Let $f(x,u): [0,1]^2 \mapsto \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous
function.
[Q] Is $g(x) = \inf_{u\in [0,1]} f(x,u)$ always Borel measurable?
If not, can one find a counter-example?
Note that, for any $c$,
...
- 1,399
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Properties of convolutions
Consider the function
$$f_{n}(x)=e^{-x^2}x^n.$$
and the function
$$h_p(x):=e^{-\vert x \vert^p}.$$
My goal is to analyze
$$ F_p(y):=\frac{(f_2*h_p)(y)}{(f_0*h_p)(y)}- \left(\frac{(f_1*h_p)(y) }{(f_0*...
- 173
7
votes
1
answer
624
views
Expectation involving maximum of Gaussian variables
Let $X\sim N(0, I_d)$ be a $d$-dimensional Gaussian random vector. Let $W_1, \ldots, W_k \in \mathbb{R}^d$ be $k$ fixed vectors in general positions. It is clear that $w_i^\top X, \ldots, w_k^\top X$ ...
- 1,127
7
votes
0
answers
549
views
Counter-example to the completeness of the Wasserstein metric
$\newcommand{\P}{\mathcal{P}}$
Let $(E,d)$ be a complete metric space, let $\P(E)$ be the set of all probability measures on $(E,\mathcal{B}(E))$. Let $W_d$ be the $1$-Wasserstein (Kantorovich) ...
- 931
6
votes
2
answers
333
views
Is there a way to reconstruct the convolution $(f * g)(x)$ of $f$ with a Gaussian $g$ from sampled values, $(f*g)(a), a \in A$?
Suppose that $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}$ is a function which has support in $[-1,1]$. Let $g = g_\sigma$ be a centered Gaussian with variance $\sigma^2$. Is there a way to reconstruct the ...
- 437
6
votes
1
answer
575
views
Sub-Gaussian decay of convolution of $L^1$ function with Gaussian kernel
I think it might be helpful to put the new statement at the beginning and put the original post at the end. This new statement is more mathematically elegant.
Let $f\geq0$ be in $L^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ ...
- 1,495
5
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Relationship between KL, chi-squared, and Hellinger
There are many well-known relationships between the KL divergence, chi-squared ($\chi^2$) divergence, and the Hellinger metric. In the paper "Assouad, Fano, and Le Cam" by Bin Yu, the author ...
- 63
5
votes
2
answers
415
views
Existence of Solution, System of Equations
Suppose $P(\lambda, i)$ is the probability that a Poisson random variable with average $\lambda$ is equal to $i$, i.e. $\frac{\lambda^i}{e^{\lambda}i!}$
I think the following system of equations ...
- 53
5
votes
2
answers
429
views
Does the truncated Hausdorff moment problem admit absolutely continuous solutions?
Let $\mu$ be a (Borel) probability measure on $[0,1]$ and define $m_j(\mu) = \int x^j\,\mu(dx)$. Let $k$ be a positive integer and consider the set $\mathcal C_{\mu,k}$ of probability measures $\nu$ ...
- 311
5
votes
1
answer
781
views
Does a log-concave function on a convex set extend continuously to the boundary?
Let $U$ be an open convex set in a locally convex space $X$, and let $f : U \to [0,1]$ be a log-concave function on $U$ (i.e., bounded and real-valued). Under what conditions does $f$ have a ...
- 8,512
5
votes
1
answer
374
views
Looking for a counterexample: Conditioning increases regularity?
Let $p(x,y,z)$ be a joint density (over $\mathbb{R}^3$) under no smoothness or regularity assumptions, besides its existence. I am looking for a (counter)example where $p(y|x)$ is less regular than $p(...
- 51
5
votes
1
answer
170
views
Ratio of integrals with increasing dimension over Euclidean balls
Let $f_n(x)\geq0$ be any sequence of nonnegative $L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ functions such that $\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}f_n(x)dx=1$ where $dx$ is the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. For any $a>1,\...
- 1,495
4
votes
3
answers
250
views
A functional integral inequality
Suppose $f:I=(0,1)\to \mathbb R$ is a continuous function that satisfies
$$ \int_I f(t) e^{at}\,dt \geq 0\quad \text{for all $a \in \mathbb R$}.$$
Does it follow that $f\geq 0$ on $I$?
- 4,135
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Simple proof of Prékopa's Theorem: log-concavity is preserved by marginalization
The following result is well-known:
Suppose that $H(x,y)$ is a log-concave distribution for $(x,y) \in \mathbb R^{m \times n}$ so that by definition we have
$$H \left( (1 - \lambda)(x_1,y_1) + \...
- 536
4
votes
1
answer
280
views
Approximation of an integral over the unit ball of L_1
For every $\varepsilon>0$ find a piecewise continuous function $q:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $\int_0^1 q(x)dx=1$ and
$$\int_{0}^1 \int_{0}^{s} \left|\frac{q(s)q(t/s)}{s}- \frac{q(t)q((s-...
- 4,705
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Can't figure out "standard application" of the Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey Lemma
I'm currently reading the paper http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.2473 and can't figure out what they call a "standard application" of the Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey lemma (see p.8). Summed up, they have a ...
- 617
4
votes
2
answers
354
views
Injectivity of a convolution operator
Let $p,\mu,\nu$ be probability density functions on
$\mathbb{R}$ such that
$$
\int_{\mathbb{R}}p(y-x) \nu(y) \, dy=\mu(x).
$$ Now, consider the operator $T:L^2(\mu)\to L^2(\nu)$ such that $$ Tf=f*p.$$ ...
- 407
4
votes
1
answer
225
views
Multivariate Zero-Bias Transform
The zero-bias transform for a univariate random variable $W$ is defined as a random variable $W^*$ satisfying
\begin{align}
\mathbb{E} [ W \cdot f(W )] = \mathbb{E} [ f' (W^*)]
\end{align}
for any ...
- 1,127
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
For what nonnegative measures $\mu$ does $\mu*e^{-|\cdot|}\in L^{\infty}$?
I am trying to characterize all measures on $\mathbb{R}$ such that
$$
\sup_{x\in\mathbb{R}} \: (\mu*f)(x)<+\infty,
$$
where $f(x)$ is some specific integrable functions, such as $f(x)=e^{-|x|}$, ...
- 1,649
4
votes
0
answers
656
views
Eigenvalues of Matérn covariance function
Recall that Matérn covariance function $C_\nu(d)$ is defined as
$$
C_\nu(d)=\sigma^2\frac{2^{1-\nu}}{\Gamma(\nu)}\left(\sqrt{2\nu}\frac{d}{\rho}\right)^\nu K_\nu\left(\sqrt{2\nu}\frac{d}{\rho}\right), ...
- 397
3
votes
1
answer
983
views
About the metrizability of the space of Probability measures $\mathcal{P}(S)$
It is often proved in Books that the space of Probability measures $\mathcal{P}(S)$ on a Polish metric space $(S,\rho)$ endowed with the weak/narrow topology induced by declaring it to be be the ...
- 309
3
votes
1
answer
299
views
Lipschitz functions that saturate the Lipschitz inequality on the average (part 1)
Consider a 1-Lipschitz function $f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$ satisfying the inequality
\begin{align*}
|f(x) - f(y)| \le \|x-y\|_2, \;\forall x,y \in \mathbb R^n.
\end{align*}
For $n \ge 2$, can we ...
- 1,731
3
votes
1
answer
315
views
Where to find the proof of this property?
I am doing some exercises in the analytic and there is a problem as following:
``Let $\{f_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{ N}}$'' to be a positive sequence such that:
$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty} f_n = 1$.
$\...
- 153
3
votes
1
answer
100
views
Vague Topologies induced by $C_c$ and $C_0$ are the same on a closed ball of finite Radon measures?
Let $X$ be a locally compact Hausdorff space. Denote $C_c(X)$ and $C_0(X)$ the space of continuous functions with compact support and vanishing at infinity respectively. By Riesz representation ...
- 315
3
votes
1
answer
404
views
The sign of the tail of Fourier transform of a positive function/ characteristic function
I am interested in a specific density (positive function) and would like to prove that the tail of its characteristic function (Fourier transform) is positive ($>0$). Here is the density $f(x)=c_\...
- 178
3
votes
2
answers
265
views
Can one realize this as an ergodic process?
Consider the lattice $\mathbb Z^2$ and take iid random variables $Y_e$ on all edges $e$ of the graph.
We then define random variables $X_i:=\sum_{e \text{ adjacent to } i}Y_e.$
In other words: For ...
user135480
3
votes
1
answer
171
views
Characterization of a set in $\mathbb{R}^d$
Let $X= (X_1,\dots, X_d)$ be a fixed vector of random variables on the space $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P})$. Consider the following set.
\begin{equation}\label{main12}
C= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^d ~|~ ...
- 57
3
votes
1
answer
219
views
Is there a real/functional analytic proof of Cramér–Lévy theorem?
In the book Gaussian Measures in Finite and Infinite Dimensions by Stroock, there is a theorem with a comment
The following remarkable theorem was discovered by Cramér and Lévy. So far as I know, ...
- 657
2
votes
1
answer
469
views
If two probability distributions have the same weak limit and one of them satisfies Large Deviation Principle, what can we say about the other?
If the probability distribution function of two sequences of random variables have the same weak limit and one of the sequences satisfies a Large deviation principle, then does it imply that the other ...
- 3,245
2
votes
2
answers
155
views
Existence of classical solution for a parabolic equation without Hölder continuity in time for its coefficients
Consider equation
$$\partial_t u = \partial_x u + \partial_{xx} u - c u + f, \hbox{ on } (t, x) \in (0, \infty) \times \mathbb R$$
with initial condition $u(0, x) = g(x).$
Suppose that $c(t, x)$ and $...
- 1,399
2
votes
1
answer
263
views
Schwartz space on $\bigcup_{n=1}^CR^n$
I have an application where I need to work with the following idea.
Let the space $\bigcup_{n=1}^C \mathbb{R}^n$ be associated with the metric $d$ such that for $x=(x_1,\cdots,x_n)$ and $y=(y_1,\cdots,...
- 21
2
votes
1
answer
267
views
Monotonicity of the Hellinger integral/distance
Let $p$ and $q$ be probability densities on $\mathbb R$, with respect to the Lebesgue measure $dx$. The corresponding Hellinger integral and distance are
$H(p,q):=\int_{\mathbb R}\sqrt{pq}\,dx$ and $\...
- 128k
2
votes
1
answer
186
views
Does $\int \Phi \left( \frac{u}{\xi} \right) f_t(\xi) \mathrm{d} \xi \to \Phi(u)$ imply that $f_t \to \delta_1$?
I'm looking at a family $(f_t)$ of densities of some continuous random variables and know that
$$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \Phi \left( \frac{u}{\xi} \right) f_t(\xi) \mathrm{d} \xi \xrightarrow{t \to \...
- 235
2
votes
1
answer
5k
views
Smooth Approximation of Indicator Function of Convex Sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$
Let $( \mathbb{R}^n, \| \cdot \|_P)$ be the $n$-dimensional Euclidean space equipped with $\ell_p$-norm $\| \cdot \|_p$ for some $p\in [1, + \infty]$. Let $A$ be a convex set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and ...
- 1,127
2
votes
0
answers
29
views
Steiner symmetrization of smooth function on non-simply connected regions
Given a smooth function $u$ defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$, restrict $u$ to a subset $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ (possibly not simply connected) foliated by level sets of a smooth function $\psi: \Omega \...
- 434
2
votes
0
answers
88
views
Dependence and $L^2$ projections of functions
tl;dr: Is it possible that the best approximation to a nonnegative function of three variables with a bivariate function is no better than the best univariate function?
Let $w$ be a density on $\...
- 21
2
votes
0
answers
104
views
Weak convergence rates for integral operators
Suppose $q=\sum_{i=1}^m\pi_i\delta_{x_i}$ is a discrete measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and let $q\ast \varphi_\epsilon$ denote the convolution of $q$ with some mollifier $\varphi_\epsilon$, so that $q\ast\...
- 75
2
votes
0
answers
189
views
Point wise convergence of Laplace transform and convergence of functions
Assume that functions $f_n(t), f(t)\in C_b(R_+)$. For every $\lambda >0$, we have
$$
\bigg|\int_0^\infty e^{-\lambda t}f_n(t)d t-\int_0^\infty e^{-\lambda t}f(t)d t\bigg|\leq C_\lambda n^{-1},
$$
...
- 411
2
votes
0
answers
86
views
when is the average of a function with Gaussian inputs bounded away from zero
Define a function $\phi(x):\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Consider the expected value function defined as follows
\begin{align*}
\mu(\beta)=E[g\phi
(\beta g)]\quad with \quad g\sim\mathcal{N}(0,1)\...
- 363
2
votes
0
answers
263
views
A strange Weakly Compactness in $L^1 ( \Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P})$
Hi to everyone,
The ingredients of my problem are the following:
I have a probability space $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P})$, a set (continuum cardinality) $\mathcal{Q}$ of probability measures on $...
- 21
1
vote
2
answers
226
views
Smooth but non-analytic kernel functions
Does there exist a (stationary) covariance kernel function which is $C^\infty$-smooth but not real analytic? If so, could you please provide an example?
- 8,512
1
vote
1
answer
203
views
Why study the moment problem in one dimensional case( Hamburger moment problem)
I have been reading about moment problem and I have been curious about the following question.
What is the motivation for studying the Hamburger moment problem(one dimensional moment problem?
I ...
- 125
1
vote
1
answer
150
views
Is the Boltzmann entropy continuous in the supremum norm?
We define $U : [0, +\infty) \to [0, +\infty)$ by $U(0) := 0$ and $U (s) := s \log s$ for $s >0$. Then $U$ is strictly convex. Let $D$ be the set of all bounded non-negative continuous functions $\...
- 835