Questions tagged [symbolic-dynamics]
Symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined in terms of shift transformations on spaces of sequences. Examples of topics in this area include shifts of finite type, sofic shifts, Toeplitz shifts, Markov partitions and symbolic coding of dynamical systems.
189 questions
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Why all the coefficients of the center manifold of this system are zeros?
I solved many cases for the following dynamical system $\dot{x} = x (1-x-ay)$ and $\dot{y} = c y (1- b x -y)$. However, I reached the case where $c>0$ and $a>1$, $b=1$ and I ended up with the ...
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String rewrite system for algebraic knots/links?
$\newcommand\over{\vert}\newcommand\rot[1]{\mathopen<#1\mathclose>}$By its definition, an algebraic tangle, and by extension, its closure (knot or link) can be written as a string (of ...
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Subshifts with special property
I am looking how to prove the following fact:
If $ X \subseteq A^\mathbb{Z}$ is an infinite minimal subshift, then for any $N\ge 1$, $X$ is conjugate to a minimal subshift $Y\subseteq B^\mathbb{Z}$ ...
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Description of Anderson-Putnam CW-complex construction
I have been trying to read the paper, Topological invariants fo substitution tiling and their associated $C^*$-algebras, to learn more about a construction of Anderson-Putnam complexes. However, it ...
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Statistical characteristics of low complexity subshifts
I am looking for calculations of statistical characteristics (variance, entropy, etc.) of the $n$-dimensional distributions of the invariant measures of low complexity subshifts (e.g., the Sturmian or ...
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Open problems in symbolic dynamics
I would like to know which are some noticeable open problems in symbolic dynamics, including substitution dynamics. I'm especially interested in connections with topological chaos of various forms. ...
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Exponential mixing for subshifts
I asked this question on Math.StackExchange some time ago and got no responses.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite graph with adjacency matrix $A$. Let us consider the associated subshift of finite type
$$
\...
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Is the set of cube-free binary sequences perfect?
This question is inspired by this one. In that thread, it's established that there are uncountably many cube-free infinite binary strings (where $x \in 2^{\omega}$ is cube-free iff $\forall \sigma \...
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Irrational rotations are rank 2 by intervals without spacers
Let $\alpha$ be an irrational number, and $R_\alpha$ be the rotation by $\alpha$, that is $R_\alpha(x)=x+\alpha\bmod 1$.
S. Ferenczi in his survey [Systems of finite rank. Colloq. Math. 73 (1997), no. ...
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Does full shift have the local product structure?
We say that an invariant measure $\mu$ on some symbolic space $\Sigma$ has local product structure if there is a measurable function $\psi: \Sigma \rightarrow(0, \infty)$ such that the restriction is ...
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Birth of chaos due to nonautonomous perturbation
Let $\sigma, b>0$. I want to study the dynamics of the map
$$ T \colon \mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{S}^1 \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{S}^1 \times \mathbb{R}$$ such that
$$T_{\sigma,b}(n,\theta,y) = (\...
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When is replacing the prefix of an angled internal address a valid operation?
While working on an artwork exploring patterns in the Mandelbrot set fractal, I constructed an angled internal address by:
$$
1 \overset{1/2}\longrightarrow 2 \overset{1/2}\longrightarrow 3 \overset{1/...
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Is there a condition for a subshift of finite type to be uniquely ergodic?
Are SFTs uniquely ergodic in general, or is there a known necessary and sufficient condition for them to be uniquely ergodic?
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Number of permitted words up to permutation in a subshift
Let $A$ be a finite set and let $X \subseteq A^{\mathbb{N}}$ be a subshift. Let $\mathcal{L}_n$ denote the set of words of length $n$ appearing in $X$. For a word $w \in \mathcal{L}_n$, one can ...
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Continuity of Kneading invariants of generalised $\beta$-trasformations
For $\beta \in (1,2]$ and $\alpha \in [0,2-\beta]$ consider the generalised $\beta$-transformation $T_{\alpha,\beta}:[0,1] \to [0,1]$ to be $$T_{\alpha, \beta}(x) = \beta x + \alpha \mod 1.$$ It is a ...
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The critical exponent function
It is a known fact [1] that, for every $c\in (1,\infty]$, it is possible to find a finite alphabet $\mathcal{A}$ and a word $w\in \mathcal{A}^\omega$ such that $w$ has critical exponent $c$. It looks ...
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Is a set over which dynamics are topologically conjugate to a shift map on two symbols always repelling?
Consider the one-sided full shift map $\sigma$ and the associated shift space of infinite sequences in two letters $\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}$ on which the shift map acts, equipped with the usual metric. ...
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Lyapunov spectrum($h_{\mathrm{top}}(K(\alpha))$) achieves a positive value somewhere
$\DeclareMathOperator{\top}{\mathrm{top}}$Let $(\Sigma, T)$ be a topologically mixing subshift of finite type and $f:\Sigma \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Hölder continuous map.
Let
$$K(\alpha)=\Big\{x\in \...
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Sequences with 3 letters
For a positive integer $n$ I would like to construct long sequences consisting of 0, 1 and 2's such that for any two subsequences consisting of $n$ consecutive elements the number of 0's , 1's or 2'...
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A unique equilibrium state which does not have Gibbs property
Let $T:\Sigma \rightarrow \Sigma$ be a topologically mixing subshift of finite type and let $f:\Sigma \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous functions over $(T, \Sigma)$. Assume that there is a ...
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Difficulty of homeomorphism of effective Cantor dynamics
Let $X = \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ with the product topology. Given a Turing machine $M$ and $x \in X$, define $M(x) \in \{0,1\}^* \cup X$ as the sequence of bits output by $M$ when given an oracle for $x$...
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The graph of Rule 110 and vertices degree
Consider the elementary cellular automaton called Rule 110 (famous for being Turing complete):
It induces a map $R: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that the binary representation of $R(n)$ is ...
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Ferenczi: minimal, uniquely ergodic, sublinear complexity systems are not strongly mixing
The following result is on page 26 of this paper by Ferenczi [PDF].
Corollary 3. A minimal and uniquely ergodic system of sub-affine complexity cannot be strongly mixing (i.e., $\mu(T^nA \cap B) \...
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Explicit transitive flow on disc
$D_n\triangleq \left\{x \in \mathbb{R}^n:\, \|x\|\leq 1\right\}$ with its subspace topology. By a transitive flow on $D_n$ I mean a continuous function
$$
\phi: [0,1]\times D_n\rightarrow D_n,
$$
...
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Search for a general formula from known iterative relation
$F$ is a mapping among $\{\theta_{n_1n_2}\}$, with $\eta_{1/2}$ being arbitrary constants involved.
$F: \theta_{n_1n_2} \rightarrow \theta_{n_1+1n_2}+\theta_{n_1n_2+1}+\eta_{1}n_1\theta_{n_{1}-1n_{2}} ...
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Confusion on the assumption when discussing the kneading invariants for unimodal maps
A unimodal map is a continuous map $f:[0,1]\longrightarrow [0,1]$ such that there is only one turning point (critical point), denoted by $c$, and $f(0)=f(1)=0$.
Unimodal map is related to kneading ...
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Diophantine equation that has an infinite number of positive integers solutions
Let us consider a sequence of continuous functions $g_{q}:ℝ^2\to ℝ^2$. Let $(A_{q})_{q\geq 1}$ be a sequence of compact sets in $ℝ^2$. Assuming that each function $g_{q}$ is topologically mixing in $...
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Example of primitive substitution with two rationally independent eigenvalues?
I am looking for an example of a primitive substitution $\sigma$, not Pisot, such that the associated subshift $X_\sigma$ has two irrational and rationally independent eigenvalues. Equivalently, a ...
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If $(Y,T)$ is a connected minimal system with a symbolic extension of linear word complexity, is $(Y,T)$ equicontinuous?
Let $(Y,S)$ be a minimal topological dynamical system such that $Y$ is connected. A simple example of a system like this is an irrational rotation of the circle, and it is known that Sturmian ...
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Does this strong form of being almost 1-to-1 imply injectivity?
Let $\pi\colon(X,T)\to (Y,T)$ be a factor map between minimal subshifts. Suppose there exists $\tilde{Y} \subseteq Y$ such that
$\# \pi^{-1}(y) = 1$ for all $y \in \tilde{Y}$.
$\tilde{Y}$ is a ...
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Overlaying two domino-like constructions such that all individual pairs of domino-like cells in the overlay have matching symbols
Imagine I have two $n$ x $m$ assemblies of $P = (n*m)$ unit square cells on the plane, $(c_{(a,1)}, ..., c_{(a,P)}) \in A$ and $(c_{(b,1)}, ..., c_{(b,P)}) \in B$, where every cell, $c_k$, in a ...
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Almost one-to-one endomorphism of minimal subshift?
Let $(X,T)$ be a minimal subshift. Can it happen that an endomorphism $\varphi\colon (X,T) \to (X,T)$ is almost 1-to-1 but not 1-to-1? Can it happen that a factor $\pi\colon (X,T) \to (Y,T)$ between ...
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Factor map between subshifts preserving topological pressure (or measure-theoretic entropy)
Let $G$ be a countable amenable group and let $X,Y$ be subshifts with finite alphabet over $G$. Suppose that $h(X) = h(Y)$ (equal topological entropy). I am interested in continuous factor maps $\pi: ...
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Minimal subshift with some $x \in X$ such that $x_{(-\infty,0)}.x_0x_0x_{(0,\infty)} \in X$?
There exists a minimal subshift $X$ with a point $x \in X$ such that $x_{(-\infty,0)}.x_0x_0x_{(0,\infty)} \in X$?
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Sliding block code on irreducible sofic shift
I was looking at the following exercise from Lind/Marcus book An Introduction to Symbolic Dynamics and Coding that I cannot solve. Can someone give me a hint?
Find an example of a pair of irreducible ...
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Entropy-minimal subshifts
Consider a subshift $X \subset \left\{0, \ldots, M \right\}^{\mathbb{N}}$. $X$ is said to be entropy-minimal if every subshift $Y \subsetneq X$ satisfies that $$h_{\mathrm{top}}(Y) < h_{\mathrm{top}...
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Example of connected factor of symbolic system that is not a rotation
I am looking for an example of a factor $f\colon (X,T) \to (Y,T)$ between topological dynamical systems, where $(X,T)$ is a minimal subshift and $Y$ a connected topological space such that $(Y,T)$ is ...
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continuity entropy with respect gibbs measures
Let $X=\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$. For simplicity I consider Bernoulli measures on $X$ only.
Let $f:X\to \mathbb{R}$ be Holder continuous. The measure $\mu$ is a Gibbs measure with potential $f$ if there ...
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$||g_n||_{\infty} < \delta_{n-1}(g)$
It may be a simple question to post it here, but I posted this question in the Math Stack Exchange forum and no one answered me.
Let $E$ be a (possibly infinite) alphabet and consider $X = E^{\...
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Connection between entropy and the set of factors of a sequence
Let $a = (a_n)_{n=0}^\infty$ be a bounded real-valued sequence. By a factor of $a$ I mean a finite block $w \in \mathbb R^l$ that appears in $a$, that is, there exists $n \geq 0$ such that $a_n a_{n+1}...
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Uniqueness of "Limit" of Cyclic Binary Strings
Set-up: By abuse, let $\sigma$ represent both the left shift operator on infinite bi-infinite strings and the cyclic left shift operator on finite strings. (Thus, for example, $\sigma(...01\bar{0}10......
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Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem for shift of finite type
I know a version of Ruelle's theorem for expansive transformations in a compact metric space that says there is a single equilibrium state for a potential holder. In this Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius ...
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Equivalence between Gibbs measures and conformal measures
I was reading an article about Gibbs measures, but the author defines Gibbs measures in a different way than the usual (which is done by using conditional expectations). The way that he defines I have ...
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$C^{1+\epsilon}$ conjugacy of expanding map on circle
A continuously differentiable map $f:S^{1}\rightarrow S^{1}$ is called expanding if $|f^{'}(x)|>1$ for all $x\in S^{1}$.
We can define the degree of f, def(f) to be number of preimage $f^{-1}(x)$, ...
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Does an asymptotic component with large size in a minimal subshift always exist?
Let $(X, T)$ be a minimal subshift, i.e. $X$ is a closed $T$-invariant subset of $A^\mathbb{Z}$, where $T$ is the shift. A pair $x,y\in X$ is asymptotic if $d(T^nx, T^ny)$ goes to zero as $n\to\infty$....
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Is the density of 1's in the Fibonacci word uniform?
The Fibonacci word is the limit of the sequence of words starting with $0$ and satisfying rules $0 \to 01, 1 \to 0$. Equivalently, it is obtained from the recursion $S_n= S_{n-1}S_{n-2}$ under ...
CommunityBot
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Weighted distribution of irrational rotation
Let $\theta\in [0,1]\setminus\mathbb{Q}$. Let $\alpha_0=\theta$ and $\alpha_1=1$. Let $0<p_0<1$ and $p_1=1-p_0$. For a finite word $I=(i_1, i_2, \dots, i_n)\in \{0,1\}^n$, denote by $I'=(i_1, ...
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Asymptotic colouring of edges and vertices, and untwisting cocycles
This question regards colourings on edges and vertices on countable directed multigraphs.
We start with an example. Let $G=\mathbb Z^2$. We define two functions $a_h$ and $a_v$ from $\mathbb Z^2$ to $\...
CommunityBot
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On Krieger's Embedding Theorem
This is Theorem 10.1.1 of Lind & Marcus's book, An Introduction to Symbolic Dynamics and Coding. They say that is "straightfordward" to go from
Let $X$ a shift of finite type and $Y$ a mixing ...
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The continuity of the the stable and unstable in definition of hyperbolic sets for flows
I would like to know whether the continuity of the stable and unstable subbundles $E^{s}$ and $E^{u}$ follows from the growth conditions as in the discrete case, or must be hypothesized, in the ...
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