All Questions
Tagged with reference-request nt.number-theory
1,408 questions
8
votes
0
answers
367
views
References for Yoichi Miyaoka's work around Fermat's Last Theorem
Apparently, Yoichi Miyaoka made a serious attempt to prove FLT in 1988. See the following question.
What were the main ideas and gaps in Yoichi Miyaoka's attempted proof (1988) of Fermat's Last ...
31
votes
2
answers
15k
views
A road to inter-universal Teichmuller theory
What would be a study path for someone in the level of Hartshorne's Algebraic Geometry to understand and study inter-universal Teichmuller (IUT) theory? I know that it heavily relies on anabelian ...
- 1,099
5
votes
1
answer
478
views
Problem related to divisibility of even power sum
The question was posted in MSE(12/19/20)link, but gets no answer. Hence I'm posting in MO
Define $S_m(n)=1^m+2^m+\cdots+n^m$
Can it be shown that
$S_{2m}(uv)\equiv0\pmod{uv}\iff S_{2m}(u)\equiv0\pmod{...
- 599
60
votes
1
answer
6k
views
What were the main ideas and gaps in Yoichi Miyaoka's attempted proof (1988) of Fermat's Last Theorem?
Out of sheer curiosity I have been reading Stewert and Tall's "Algebraic Number Theory and Fermat's Last Theorem" (2001). As it contains various bits of history, I found out to my own shame that I was ...
- 7,127
7
votes
2
answers
505
views
A good reference to the Gauss result on the structure of the multiplicative group of a residue ring
I need a good reference (desirably some textbook in Number Theory) to the following known result, attributed to Gauss in Wikipedia.
Theorem (Gauss). Let $p$ be a prime number, $k\in\mathbb N$ and $\...
- 42k
2
votes
0
answers
140
views
Integers with exactly three factor pairs whose successors are relatively prime
I am interested in the following problem, and will appreciate pointers around how it can be solved – partially or fully – and/or indicators around whether it is even tractable:
Characterize $N \in \...
- 7,831
2
votes
0
answers
161
views
Monotonicity of the cycle index polynomial under restriction
The cycle index (polynomial) of the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$ is given by the formula:
$$Z(\mathfrak{S}_n)(x_1,\dots,x_n)=\sum_{1j_1+2j_2+\cdots+nj_n=n}\prod_{k=1}^n\frac{x_k^{j_k}}{k^{j_k}j_k!}...
- 43.2k
4
votes
1
answer
493
views
Counting number of points on a lattice in a hypercube
Suppose I have a lattice $\Lambda \in \mathbb{R}^n$. Let $X_i >0$ for $i=1,..,n$. I am interested in some references regarding counting number of points of $\Lambda$ inside $[-X_1, X_1] \times \...
- 3,625
-3
votes
1
answer
380
views
References of research papers which lead to starting of Sieve Theory
Question - I am thinking to present one or two papers on Sieve Theory in my masters thesis. I will also present 3 other papers on Riemann Zeta Function which I have studied earlier . But I have no ...
- 793
2
votes
0
answers
115
views
Reference request: "A result of Siegel" related to Ramanujan-Nagell type equations
Wikipedia refers to the Diophantine equation
$ x^2 + D = AB^n $
as an "equation of Ramanujan–Nagell type". It also says that "A result of Siegel implies that the number of solutions in ...
1
vote
0
answers
84
views
Sum of fractional parts over coprime residues
Let $q$ be a positive integer and $\theta$ a real number with $0 \leq \theta < 1$. Consider the two sums
$$
S_\theta^\pm(q)=\sum_{\substack{r=1\\ (r,q)=1}}^{q-1} \left\{\theta\pm\frac{r}{q} \right\}...
- 1,990
14
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Partitions-sum of divisors identity
A few years ago I first read about the marvelous Euler identity:
$\sum_{n\in\mathbb{N}}p(n)z^n=\prod_{k\geq1}\frac{1}{1-z^k}$,
where $p(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$ ($p(0)=1$ by convention)...
- 2,479
3
votes
1
answer
444
views
Details about the $\mod p$ reduction map
Let $N$ be a natural number and let $\Gamma_1(N)$ be the congruence subgroup of $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$. Let $M(N)$ denote the space of all integer weight holomorphic modular forms for $\Gamma_1(N)$ whose ...
- 589
6
votes
1
answer
399
views
High sum of fractional parts
Let $n\geq 2$ and $x_1,\ldots,x_n > 0$ be such that $x_1+\cdots+x_n =1$. Is it true that there must exist a positive integer $k$ such that $$\{x_1k\}+\cdots+\{x_nk\} = n-1?$$
This looks closely ...
- 223
2
votes
0
answers
93
views
Showing that it is not possible that for every $q_j$ from a finite set of odd primes, it holds that $2+\prod_{k \neq j} q_k $ is divisible by $q_j$
This a repost of a question which was asked at MathStackExchange, but got no answer so far, so I am trying here.
Let $n\ge 1$ and let $Q= \{q_1,\dotsc, q_n\}$ be a set of $n$ odd primes, all different ...
- 505
4
votes
1
answer
139
views
A close reative of "Inflated" Eulerian polynomials
I came across this post Coefficients of the Inflated Eulerian Polynomial by AULI-GRAHAM-SAVAGE. In particular, the polynomials related to descents interested me
$$P_n(x)=\sum_{\pi\in\mathfrak{S}_n}x^{...
- 43.2k
19
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Mazur secret Bourbaki report "Analyse p-adique"
Does anyone happen to know if a scan of Mazur's report exists, and, if so, where to find it? It appears in the references for Katz's "Higher congruences" and "Eisenstein measure" papers.
0
votes
1
answer
365
views
Where can I find the problem by Lagarias?
Jeffrey Lagarias proved, unconditionally, that:
$$
\sigma(n)<H_n+2\exp(H_n)\log(H_n)\qquad n>1
$$
This was posed as a problem in:
J. C. Lagarias, Problem 10949: A generous bound for divisor ...
- 53
11
votes
5
answers
2k
views
Defining Euler's number via elementary euclidean geometry (and a dimension limit)
Let $B_n$ be a closed ball in euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, and consider the largest cube $Q_n$ contained in $B_n$. Then, let $C_n$ be a cube of maximal size that is contained in $B_n$ and disjoint ...
- 1,942
25
votes
3
answers
1k
views
what else is in $\prod_{j=1}^n(1+q^j)$?
From time to time, I run into the finite product $\prod_{j=1}^n(1+q^j)$. And, the more it happens, the more fascinated I've become. So, herein, I wish to get help in collecting such results. To give ...
- 43.2k
9
votes
1
answer
731
views
Tamagawa numbers
Let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ with absolute Galois group $G_K$. Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over $K$. The (geometric) Tamagawa number is defined as the order of the ...
- 323
20
votes
2
answers
2k
views
On a result attributed to W. Ljunggren and T. Nagell
I've read in a number of places that, building on previous work of T. Nagell, W. Ljunggren proved in 1 that the Diophantine equation
$$\frac{x^{n}-1}{x-1} = y^{2}$$
doesn't admit solutions in ...
- 8,842
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Does this multiplicative function have a name? If so, what is known about it?
It is well-known that the Euler $\phi$-function is multiplicative: that is, for co-prime positive integers $m,n$ we have $\phi(mn) = \phi(m)\phi(n)$. Thus it is defined by its values on prime powers. ...
- 26.9k
5
votes
1
answer
873
views
Origin of Hecke operators
What is the original paper in which Erich Hecke had first introduced the Hecke operators?
- 2,375
43
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Is this integral representation of $\zeta(2n+1)$ known?
Background: I'm an undergraduate at an institution with no researchers in analytic number theory, and no ties to the analytic number theory community. I believe I have found what is, as far as I can ...
- 383
26
votes
1
answer
1k
views
What is the status on this conjecture on arithmetic progressions of primes?
The Green-Tao theorem states that for every $n$, there is an arithmetic sequence of length $n$ consisting of primes.
For primes, $p$, let $P(p)$ be the maximum length of an arithmetic progression of ...
- 1,835
26
votes
3
answers
5k
views
Questions about the Bernstein center of a $p$-adic reductive group
Dear all,
The "Bernstein center" of a $p$-adic reductive group appears frequently in the literature of automorphic forms, often without a precise definition. For example, in page 233 of Moeglin-...
- 809
9
votes
0
answers
358
views
Being even or odd in the product expansion $\prod(1+x^k+x^{k+1})$
Consider the generating function of "partitions with distinct parts"
$$\sum_nQ(n)x^n=\prod_k(1+x^k).$$
It's known that
$$\left[\prod_k(1+x^k)\right] \mod 2=\prod_m(1-x^m)=\sum_{j\in\mathbb{Z}...
- 43.2k
4
votes
1
answer
307
views
English references to Cohen - Martinet Heuristics
I read through the celebrated paper of Cohen - Lenstra heuristics. But unfortunately, the Cohen - Martinet paper is originally written in French, which I do not understand. So I would like to know if ...
- 577
2
votes
0
answers
480
views
About derived divided power envelope
Assume $A$ is a $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$-algebra with ideal $I$ and $A,A/I$ are $p$-torsionfree.
In this survey, Akhil Mathew defines the derived divided power envelope $LD_I(A)$ in Construction 7.15, after ...
- 121
3
votes
1
answer
568
views
Not the sum of two relatively prime composite numbers
Can it be shown that
There are finitely many positive integers $n$ that can't be expressed as
$$n=a+b$$
for any composite integers $a$ and $b$ relatively prime to each other?
http://oeis.org/A096076 ...
- 599
9
votes
4
answers
1k
views
The relationship between the dilogarithm and the golden ratio
Among the values for which the dilogarithm and its argument can both be given in closed form are the following four equations:
$Li_2( \frac{3 - \sqrt{5}}{2}) = \frac{\pi^2}{15} - log^2( \frac{1 +\...
- 151
17
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Consequences of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture?
Before asking my short question I had made some research. Unfortunately I did not find a good reference with some examples. My question is the following
What are the consequences of the Birch and ...
-4
votes
3
answers
524
views
Relation between elliptic curve and Fermat's last thereom
I am looking for a elaborate explanation how the elliptic curve $E (a, b) := y^2=x(x-a)(x-b)$ is associated with the solution of $a^n+b^n=c^n$.
In 1969 Hellegouarch performed the elliptic curves $E (a,...
3
votes
0
answers
150
views
When is the Fermat Catalan surface a rational surface?
Related to Fermat Catalan conjecture and scholar.google.com didn't return any results.
Define the Fermat Catalan surface
$$ S_{m,n,k}: x^m+y^n=z^k$$
Where $\frac1m+\frac1n+\frac1k < 1$.
Q1 When is ...
- 25.4k
3
votes
0
answers
154
views
Reference request for the following results
I am looking for references on the following results. In what follows $\pi(x)$ denotes the prime counting function.
Result 1. For all real $k>1$ there exists $x^k_0 \in \mathbb{R}$ such that for ...
- 31
4
votes
1
answer
476
views
What are the p-adic algebraic numbers?
"Given $p$, what are the elements of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ algebraic over $\mathbb{Q}$?"
I periodically wonder this and come across this mathoverflow question which seems to be asking the same ...
- 609
3
votes
0
answers
115
views
p-adic density of the image of a polynomial
Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients, and let $p$ be a prime number. Recently, a user of MO proved that the limit
$$\delta_p(P) := \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{|\{P(x) \bmod p^n : x = 1,\...
- 453
17
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is every odd positive integer of the form $P_{n+m}-P_n-P_m$?
I am looking for a comment, reference, remark, or proof of three conjectures as follows:
Conjecture 1: Let $x$ be an odd positive integer. Then there exist two integers $n, m \ge 2$ so that $$x=P_{n+...
- 1,776
3
votes
1
answer
212
views
Seeking a combinatorial proof for the invariance of a $q$-series
Start with some notations: $(a,q)_n=(1-a)(1-aq)\cdots(1-aq^{n-1})$, shortened by $(a)_n$, and $(a)_{\infty}=\prod_{k=0}^{\infty}(1-aq^k)$.
It's easy to verify (using algebraic means) that, for each $...
- 43.2k
15
votes
0
answers
673
views
Exposition of Drinfeld's proof of function field Langlands for GL(2)
I know, or think I know, the vague outline of the proof: the Galois-to-automorphic direction is "classical," i.e. follows from converse theorems due to Grothendieck et al., and for the ...
- 311
7
votes
1
answer
776
views
Translations of Deuring
As the title suggests, do there exist translations of papers by Deuring?
I'm particularly interested in:
"Die Typen der Multiplikatorenringe elliptischer Funktionenkörper," Ach. Math. Sem. Hab. (1941)...
- 521
0
votes
0
answers
171
views
Total sum of characters over partitions with distinct parts
In my earlier quest, we looked at $\chi_{\mu}^{\lambda}=$value of an irreducible character of the symmetric group $\frak{S}_n$, where $\mu$ and $\lambda$ are (unrestricted) partitions of $n$. Then, ...
- 43.2k
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
$\pi((n+1)^2)-\pi(n^2) \le \pi(n)$ for all $n \ge 370$?
There are some conjectures of the form: There always exist at least $X$ prime numbers between $A$ and $B$. Examples:
Bertrand's postulate: for every $n>1$ there is always at least one prime $p$ ...
- 1,776
0
votes
0
answers
138
views
A diophantine equation involving partial sums of exponentials similar than the equation in Fermat's Last Theorem
I'm curious about the following diophantine equation from my invention: I don't know if this is in the literature, I wrote it using creativity in an attempt to write a variant of the equation in ...
1
vote
1
answer
183
views
A binomial convolution of Catalan numbers vs "utterly odd numbers"
An integer is called utterly odd if the terminal string of $1$’s in its binary representation has odd length. A number $2^{k+1}m+(2^k-1)$ where $m\geq0$ (every non-negative integer has this form) is ...
- 43.2k
5
votes
3
answers
809
views
Positive proportion of logarithmic gaps between consecutive primes
For $x, \lambda > 0$, define
$$S_\lambda(x) := \#\{p_{n+1} \leq x : p_{n+1} - p_n \geq \lambda \log x\} ,$$
where $p_n$ is the $n$th prime number. It is known [1] that an uniform version of the ...
- 113
3
votes
0
answers
179
views
Generalizing an estimate of Jutila
I'm working on a problem right now in which I need an upper bound for an exponential sum of the form
$$
\tag{1}
\sum_{N < n \leq 2N} \tau_3(n) e(f(n)),
$$
where $\tau_3(n) = \sum_{d_1d_2d_3=n} 1$ ...
- 1,990
15
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Unit fraction, equally spaced denominators not integer
I've been looking at unit fractions, and found a paper by Erdős "Some properties of partial sums of the harmonic series" that proves a few things, and gives a reference for the following theorem:
$$\...
- 305
10
votes
1
answer
555
views
Sidon sets of $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$
A set $S \subseteq \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ is called a Sidon set if given $a, b, c, d \in S$ and $a+ b = c+ d$, then $\{a, b\} = \{c,d\}$. I was interested in knowing about the largest possible Sidon ...
- 3,625