All Questions
Tagged with real-analysis inequalities
339 questions
2
votes
0
answers
65
views
Minimal condition $\sum \rho_{ij} \Psi_{ij} s_i s_j < \sum s_i s_j $, $\mid \rho_{ij} \mid \leq 1$, $s_i \in \mathbb R$ and $\Psi_{ij} \in \{0,1\}$
Consider a sequence of real number $\{s_i\}_{i\leq n}$. Now consider the real numbers $F$, $G$ and $\alpha$ defined below
$$F= \sqrt{ \left( \sum ~\rho_{ij} ~\Psi_{ij}~ s_i ~s_j \right)^+}, $$
$$G = ...
- 123
2
votes
1
answer
140
views
interpret of Picone inequality for non-regular functions
Assume $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $ N>4 $ is open set.
There is a well-known picone identity that says
Let $u,v \in C^2(\Omega)$ satisfy $v>0$ and $-\Delta v \geq 0$ in $\Omega$. The ...
- 371
4
votes
0
answers
197
views
Dynamics of an inequality
The dynamics $D\ni(r_i,r_{i+1})\mapsto(r_{i+1},r_{i+2})\in D$ on the set $D:=\{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2\colon x>0,y>x^2/2\}$ is given by the recurrence
$$r_{i+2}=\frac{r_{i+1}^2}2+\frac1{r_{i+1}^3}
...
- 128k
1
vote
2
answers
416
views
Lower bound for $ \sum_{i=1}^n x_i f(x_i)$ when $\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_i = K$
Considering,
the set of all n dim. vectors $\{x_i\}_{i=1,...,n} $ such that $x_i \geq 0 $ and $\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_i = K$
Any continuous and strictly increasing function $f^+(x)$ : $ \mathbb R^+ \to \...
2
votes
1
answer
260
views
An elementary functional inequality
Let $g$ be a $C^1$ function with $g(0)=0$ and $g(t)>0$ for all $t>0$. I am surprised that for all such $g$ the following seems to hold
$\frac{\int_0^t(g'(s))^2ds}{g^2(t)}\geq \frac{1}{t}$ for ...
3
votes
0
answers
275
views
Maximizing the discrepancy in Jensen's inequality for a certain function
Let $\underline{b}=\{b_1,\dots,b_n\}$ be a fixed sequence of positive numbers, and let $a>0$ be a parameter.
Define
$$
D(a;\underline{b}):=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{na}+\frac{1}{\sum_{i=1}^n b_i}}
-\sum_{...
- 959
1
vote
0
answers
85
views
What are good bounds on ratios of subdeterminants?
Let $A$ be a symmetric matrix and $A_i$ be the matrix obtained from $A$ by dropping the $i^{th}$ row and column. Then what are some good bounds on the value of $\frac{det(A_i)}{det(A)}$ ?
Using the ...
- 1,893
7
votes
1
answer
497
views
Inequality of the norm of the convolution in $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with symmetric decreasing rearrangement?
Is it true that
$$
||f*g||_p \le ||\,|f|^* * |g|^*||_p\quad ?
$$
where $|f|^*$ and $|g|^*$ are the symmetric decreasing rearrangements of the functions $|f|$ and $|g|$. Under what conditions on $f$ ...
- 193
0
votes
1
answer
247
views
Proving a complicated inequality with powers of logarithms
I am currently formalising some results from complexity theory with a theorem prover. For that, I have to prove the following statement:
Let $p, b, \varepsilon \in \mathbb R$ with $\varepsilon>0$ ...
- 1,241
3
votes
1
answer
320
views
Is this parametric inequality true?
Puzzled by this still open question, I tried comparing the arithmetic mean $A(x,y)=(x+y)/2$ with a mean intermediate between a geometric-type mean $G(X)=(x^a y^{1-a}+x^{1-a} y^a)/2\;$ for $0\le a \le ...
- 5,103
1
vote
1
answer
260
views
Nepero game (by Yacov Perelman)
I have already posted this question time before on stackexchange, but didn't receive a definitive solution.
So this is the game: consider a positive integer number $n$ and divide it in a finite ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
225
views
Is there an improvement for the Schur-Horn inequalities for positive semi-definite matrices?
By the Schur-Horn inequality I am thinking of the statement that for any Hermitian matrix $H$ its diagonal n-tuple $(H_{11},H_{22},..,H_{nn})$ for any choice of basis lies in the convex hull of the $n!...
- 1,893
3
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Simple bound for generalized geometric series
Let $b \in (0,1)$, $m\in \mathbb{N}$ and $a>0$. I want to bound
$$\sum_{k=m+1}^\infty b^{k^a} \leq c \; b^{m^a}, $$
where $c>0$ is independent from $m$.
Is there a simple way of proving this ...
- 85
6
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Generalized Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev Inequality
The Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev Inequality says that
$$\text{for $p,q,r\in (1,+\infty)$ such that }\quad
1-\frac1p+1-\frac1q=1-\frac1r,\tag {$\sharp$}
$$
$$
\exists C, \forall u\in L^p(\mathbb R^n),\...
- 16.2k
4
votes
3
answers
711
views
Inequality of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means
Let $a_1,\dots,a_n$ be positive numbers, does the following inequality holds?
$$\frac{a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}{n}-\sqrt[n]{a_1a_2\cdots a_n}\geq\sqrt[n]{a_1a_2\cdots a_n}-\frac{n}{\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{...
- 287
2
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Inequality for the tail of normal distribution function
Let $ Ф(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \int_{-\infty}^{x} e^{-t^2/2} \, dt $ be the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution.
Numerical calculations suggest the following ...
- 61
1
vote
0
answers
248
views
Uniform bound for an alternating series of functions
I have mainly two questions, the first one being motivated by the second one.
1) Is there a way to prove that $F(x) = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k+1} x^{2k}}{(2k)!}$ is bounded on $\mathbb{R}_+$ ...
- 266
5
votes
1
answer
921
views
About generalized Minkowski inequality
For which functions $f:\mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+$ does the inequality
$f^{-1}\left(\sum\limits_{k=1}^n f(x_k+y_k)\right) \leq f^{-1}\left(\sum\limits_{k=1}^n f(x_k)\right) + f^{-1}\left(\sum\...
- 51
3
votes
1
answer
390
views
An elementary inequality: reference request
Consider the problem of minimizing $\sum_{i=1}^{n}{x_{i}}$ under the constraints $\sum_{i=1}^{n}{x_{i}^{2}}=1$ and $x_{i} \geq 0$. Obviously the solution is given by the vector $(1,0,\ldots,0)$.
Now ...
- 6,962
4
votes
1
answer
388
views
Dependence of the constant in Korn's inequality on the domain
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ be an open, connected set with Lipschitz boundary, $N \geqslant 2$ and
$$ \mathcal{E} ( v) := \int_{\Omega} \sum_{i, j} \varepsilon_{i
j} ( v) \varepsilon_{i j} (...
- 2,222
37
votes
3
answers
3k
views
An entropy inequality
Let $X,Y$ be probability measures on $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$, and set $K=\sum_i\sqrt{X(i)Y(i)}$ so that $Z:=\frac{1}{K}\sqrt{XY}$ is also a probability measure on $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$. How can we prove the ...
- 11.4k
-1
votes
2
answers
418
views
An inequality involving multi-index [closed]
I came across these inequalities while learning about Schwartz functions (Classical Fourier Analysis, Grafakos) and I have no idea how to prove this:
For $x \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $\alpha = (\alpha_{...
- 339
16
votes
6
answers
3k
views
A normal distribution inequality
Let $n(x) := \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{x^2}{2}}$, and $N(x) := \int_{-\infty}^x n(t)dt$. I have plotted the curves of the both sides of the following inequality. The graph shows that the ...
- 2,239
9
votes
2
answers
519
views
The fraction of the sphere a fixed distance from a subspace
The following problem has a beautiful geometric interpretation in terms of the proportion of points on the Euclidean sphere in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that lie at least a certain distance away from a $k$-...
- 91
16
votes
7
answers
6k
views
Understanding Gibbs's inequality
Short version
Gibbs's inequality is a simple inequality for real numbers, usually
understood information-theoretically. In the jargon, it states that
for two probability measures on a finite set, ...
- 27.7k
11
votes
8
answers
3k
views
Almost-converses to the AM-GM inequality
Let us consider the Arithmetic Mean -- Geometric Mean inequality for nonnegative real numbers:
$$ GM := (a_1 a_2 \ldots a_n)^{1/n} \le \frac{1}{n} \left( a_1 + a_2 + \ldots + a_n \right) =: AM. $$
...
- 531
0
votes
1
answer
302
views
An interpolation inequality.
For all $s>0$ define for $\epsilon\in(0,1)$ the function:
\begin{equation}
g(\epsilon)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}(1+k)^s(\sqrt{1-\epsilon})^k.
\end{equation}
Prove that $\exists C>0$ and $\phi(s)$ such ...
- 45
4
votes
0
answers
462
views
System of Equations Upper Bound
I asked a related question on math.stackexchange here but would now like to obtain a better bound. This question comes from a graph theory problem. I'll restate the new question here:
For $i=1,2,\...
- 4,952
1
vote
1
answer
273
views
Does this variable have an upper bound?
Let $x$ be a positive scalar variable whose time derivative satisfies
$$|\dot{x}(t)|\leq \exp \left\{\left(-\int_{0}^{t}\frac{1}{x(\tau)} \mathrm{d} \tau \right)\right\},$$
where $|\cdot|$ denotes the ...
- 61
7
votes
3
answers
709
views
On the inequality $\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^4\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2 -\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^6 \leq c\left(\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^3\right)^2$
I'm have some difficulties in bounding the following inequality:
I want to find a c as small as possible s.t.
$$\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^4\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2 -\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^6 \leq c\left(\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^3\...
- 191
4
votes
1
answer
977
views
Ratio sum comparison on operators
It is known by the Lidskii inequality, that $\sum_{i=1}^n \left|s_i(S)-s_i(T)\right|\le\sum_{i=1}^n s_i(S+T)$,
where $s_i(S)$ is the $i$-th singular value of $S$.
How would one prove that
$$\sum_{i=1}^...
- 41
2
votes
1
answer
1k
views
On an eigenvalue inequality
Let $\lambda_1 (\cdot)$ be the larger absolute value
eigenvalue of a $2\times2$ matrix and $\lambda_2 (\cdot)$
the smaller absolute value eigenvalue of a $2\times2$ matrix, i.e.
$|\lambda_1 (\cdot)| \...
- 29
4
votes
2
answers
5k
views
Ratio of Sequences Sum Inequality
I have two real sequences $a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n$ and $b_1, b_2, \dots, b_n$, with $a_i > 0$ and $1 \leq b_i < n$, and I'm looking for a lower bound of $\sum_i \frac{a_i}{b_i}$ in terms of $\sum_i ...
- 1,182
2
votes
1
answer
255
views
Quotients of perfect powers separated by an integer
Let $a_n=\frac{(n+1)^{n+2}}{n^n}$ and $b_n=\frac{(n+2)^{(n+1)}}{(n+1)^{n-1}}$. Then it is easy to see that $a_n \leq b_n$ for all integers $n\geq 1$ (because the sequence $(1+\frac{1}{n})^n$ is ...
- 3,595
2
votes
2
answers
711
views
Power function inequality
Let $x$ and $p$ be real numbers with $x \ge 1$ and $p \ge 2$ . Show that $(x - 1)(x + 1)^{p - 1} \ge x^p - 1$ .
I recently discovered this result. I am sure it is known, but it is new to me. It is ...
- 373
2
votes
1
answer
942
views
A singular value inequality
Let $s_1,s_2: \mathbb{R}^{2\times 2} \mapsto \mathbb{R}_+$,
$s_{1}\left(\cdot\right)\ge s_{2}\left(\cdot\right)\ge 0$, be the
singular values of a $2\times2$ matrix. Is it true that
$$\left|s_{1}\...
- 173
11
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Proof of the "Neo-classical Inequality", a fractional extension of the binomial theorem
I came across the following inequality, dubbed the "Neoclassical Inequality" which holds uniformly in $p\geq 1$ and $n\in\mathbb N$:
$$\frac{1}{p^2}\sum_{j=0}^n\frac{a^{\frac{j}p}b^{\frac{n-j}p}}{\...
- 4,952
7
votes
2
answers
724
views
Sturm chain analogue for exponential polynomials?
I'm going to define an exponential polynomial of degree $k$ as a function $f$ of the form
$f(x) = \sum_{i=1}^k c_ie^{\alpha_ix}$ ($\alpha_i$s real).
My first question is: is there an algorithm for ...
- 8,688
6
votes
1
answer
369
views
Denominators in the solution to Hilbert's XVII
Hilbert's seventeenth problem asks to prove that every positive semidefinite form can be written as the sum of squares of rational functions. Currently we don't seem to have a good understanding of ...
- 85.6k