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63 votes
5 answers
10k views

Jean Bourgain's relatively lesser known significant contributions

Jean Bourgain passed away on December 22, 2018. A great mathematician is no longer with us. Terry Tao has blogged about Bourgain's death and mentioned some of his more recent significant contributions,...
59 votes
7 answers
29k views

Learning roadmap for harmonic analysis

In short, I am interested to know of the various approaches one could take to learn modern harmonic analysis in depth. However, the question deserves additional details. Currently, I am reading Loukas ...
48 votes
6 answers
7k views

Is there an "elegant" non-recursive formula for these coefficients? Also, how can one get proofs of these patterns?

Not sure if this is a "good" question for this forum or if it'll get panned, but here goes anyway... Consider this problem. I've been trying to find a formula to expand the "regular iteration" of "...
44 votes
10 answers
47k views

Is square of Delta function defined somewhere?

I am wondering whether anyone knows if the square of Dirac Delta function is defined somewhere. In the beginning, this question might look strange. But by restricting the space of the test functions, ...
33 votes
1 answer
2k views

For which maps $S^1\to S^1$ is the winding number defined?

There are two classes of maps $S^1\to S^1$ for which I know how to define the winding number: • Continuous maps: Using the unique path lifting property of the universal covering map $\mathbb R\to S^...
André Henriques's user avatar
29 votes
1 answer
4k views

Furstenberg's Conjecture on 2-3-invariant continuous probability measures on the circle

Hillel Furstenberg conjectured that the only $2$-$3$-invariant probability measure on the circle without atoms is the Lebesgue measure. More precisely: Question: (Furstenberg) Let $\mu$ be a ...
Andreas Thom's user avatar
  • 25.5k
27 votes
5 answers
3k views

Nice applications for Schwartz distributions

I am to teach a second year grad course in analysis with focus on Schwartz distributions. Among the core topics I intend to cover are: Some multilinear algebra including the Kernel Theorem and ...
Abdelmalek Abdesselam's user avatar
27 votes
2 answers
5k views

What can be said about the Fourier transforms of characteristic functions?

What can be said about the Fourier transform of the characteristic function $1_A$, where $A\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is of finite Lebesgue measure? In particular, What properties are common to ...
Joni Teräväinen's user avatar
25 votes
1 answer
8k views

Convergence of Fourier Series of $L^1$ Functions

I recently learned of the result by Carleson and Hunt (1968) which states that if $f \in L^p$ for $p > 1$, then the Fourier series of $f$ converges to $f$ pointwise-a.e. Also, Wikipedia informs me ...
Jesse Madnick's user avatar
24 votes
3 answers
3k views

Can Hölder's Inequality be strengthened for smooth functions?

Is there an $\epsilon>0$ so that for every nonnegative integrable function $f$ on the reals, $$\frac{\| f \ast f \|_\infty \| f \ast f \|_1}{\|f \ast f \|_2^2} > 1+\epsilon?$$ Of course, we ...
Kevin O'Bryant's user avatar
24 votes
3 answers
1k views

Is there a 'certainty' principle?

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is a restriction on which probability distributions can describe the position and momentum of a quantum particle. In mathematical terms it says that if $\psi\in L^2$ ...
Oscar Cunningham's user avatar
23 votes
0 answers
1k views

Laplace Transform in the context of Gelfand/Pontryagin

Questions: Is there a class of objects (presumably related to locally compact abelian groups) for which the quasi-characters canonically generalize the Laplace transform? If not, is there a ...
Greg Zitelli's user avatar
  • 1,124
21 votes
2 answers
1k views

Is there an L^p tauberian theorem?

From Wiener's tauberian theorem we know that linear combinations of translates of f \in L^1(R) are dense in L^1(R) if and only if the Fourier transform of f never vanishes. It is also known that ...
Mark Lewko's user avatar
19 votes
1 answer
5k views

A Fourier-analytic inequality used by Jean Bourgain

I am currently reading Jean Bourgain's 1986 paper A Szemerédi type theorem for sets of positive density in $R^k$ and would appreciate some help in understanding a Fourier-analytic estimate used in ...
Ian Morris's user avatar
  • 6,206
18 votes
1 answer
3k views

Let a function f have all moments zero. What conditions force f to be identically zero?

Throughout, let $f$ be a Lebesgue measurable function (or continuous if you wish, but this is probably no easier). (Questions with distributions etc. are possible also but I want to keep things simple ...
Zen Harper's user avatar
  • 1,990
17 votes
2 answers
5k views

Positive-Definite Functions and Fourier Transforms

Bochner's theorem states that a positive definite function is the Fourier transform of a finite Borel measure. As well, an easy converse of this is that a Fourier transform must be positive definite. ...
Alex R.'s user avatar
  • 4,952
15 votes
2 answers
681 views

Are Fourier transforms of L^p stable under diffeomorphisms?

Let $\xi$ be a compactly supported distribution on $\mathbb R^n$ and assume that its Fourier transform is in $L^p$. Let $\phi:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R^n$ be a diffeomorphism. Does the Fourier ...
Rami's user avatar
  • 2,649
14 votes
2 answers
588 views

Heuristic interpretation of the 'third index' for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

For $p,q \in (0,\infty)$ and $s \in \mathbb{R}$, one can define certain function spaces, $B_s^{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $F_s^{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces respectively. ...
user avatar
14 votes
0 answers
3k views

Tanh version of a Fourier Transform?

I am trying to perform some computations in an environment where it is much easier to compute the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh) than cosines or sines. This prevents me from performing Fourier ...
Bill Bradley's user avatar
  • 3,979
13 votes
3 answers
710 views

Completeness of nonharmonic Fourier Series

I have the following question: The Exponential System $(\exp(2\pi i n \cdot ))_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ constitutes an orthonormal basis of $L^2([-1/2,1/2])$. Thus, certainly the oversampled system $\Phi:...
dime's user avatar
  • 131
12 votes
2 answers
1k views

Low-degree polynomial approximation of the piecewise-linear function $x \mapsto \max(x, 0)$ on an interval $x \in [-R,R]$

For $R > 0$, consider the piecewise-linear function $\sigma_R: [-R,R] \rightarrow \mathbb R^+$, defined by $\sigma_R(x) := \max(x,0)$. Question Given $\epsilon> 0$, find a "low-degree" ...
dohmatob's user avatar
  • 6,853
12 votes
1 answer
727 views

A generalization of Rubio de Francia's inequality

Suppose that $\{I_m\}$ is a sequence of pairwise disjoint intervals in $\mathbb{Z}$. The well known Rubio de Francia's inequality says that for any function $f\in L^p(\mathbb{T})$, $2\le p<\infty$, ...
Anton Tselishchev's user avatar
11 votes
1 answer
668 views

Is every continuous endomorphism of the Schwartz space a pseudo-differential operator?

Let $\mathcal{S}:= \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the Schwartz space of smooth functions with rapid decay. The question is pretty simply stated in the title. Pseudo-differential act continuously on the ...
Saal Hardali's user avatar
  • 7,789
11 votes
2 answers
8k views

About the Fourier transform of the logarithm function

I want to calculate / simplify: $$\mathcal{F} (\ln(|x|)\mathcal{F(f)}(x))=\mathcal{F} (\ln(|x|)) \star f$$ where $\mathcal{F}$ is the Fourier transform ($\mathcal[f](\xi)=\int_{\mathbb R}f(x)e^{ix\...
Bertrand's user avatar
  • 1,199
11 votes
1 answer
2k views

Understanding Bruhat's notion of Schwartz function

I am trying to understand Bruhat's generalized Schwartz functions over (Hausforff) locally compact Abelian groups [1], following this paper [2] by Osborne. There, the Schwartz-Bruhat space $\mathscr{...
Juan Bermejo Vega's user avatar
11 votes
1 answer
692 views

discontinuous functions on the Sobolev borderline

The Sobolev embedding theorem implies that every function of class $W^{k,p}$ on a reasonable $n$-dimensional domain is continuous if $kp > n$. Cases with $kp=n$ are known as "borderline" ...
Chris Wendl's user avatar
11 votes
1 answer
691 views

Reference request: Fourier transform on the multiplicative group of real numbers

Let us consider the three groups $(\mathbb{R},+)$, $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z},+)$ and $(\mathbb{R}^\times,\cdot)$ (where $\mathbb{R}^\times := \mathbb{R} \setminus \{0\}$). We endow $\mathbb{R}$ with ...
Jochen Glueck's user avatar
11 votes
0 answers
707 views

What is the asymptotics of the Fourier transform of $\exp(-x^4)$ for large wave numbers?

The Fourier transform of $\exp(-x^4)$ has an analytical expression, it's the difference of two generalized hypergeometric functions: $\int d x \ e^{-x^4} e^{ikx} = 2 \ \Gamma(\frac{5}{4}) \ _0F_2(;\...
Sara's user avatar
  • 111
11 votes
0 answers
1k views

Is the Fourier-Transform a bounded operator on Lorentz spaces L(2,q)?

It is well known that the Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}$ maps $L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ continuously into $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ continuously into $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Then, by ...
Armin's user avatar
  • 111
10 votes
5 answers
1k views

What is a rigorous statement for "linear time-invariant systems can be represented as convolutions"?

In Signal Processing books, a fundamental theorem is that linear time invariant systems can be represented as a convolution with a distribution. Could you give a mathematically rigorous statement of ...
AgCl's user avatar
  • 2,745
10 votes
1 answer
680 views

A problem concerning $L^2([0,1]\times[0,1])$

Trying to solve a conjecture in differential geometry, I am leaded to the following problem (which may seem weird to a analyst). I wonder if anyone know some techniques that happen to solve it. Let $...
Xin Nie's user avatar
  • 1,804
10 votes
1 answer
433 views

Shift invariant subspaces of $l^1$

There is a simple characterization of shift-invariant closed subspaces of $l^2$: for any measurable subset $S$ of $\mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z}$, the set of elements of $l^2$ whose Fourier ...
Nik Weaver's user avatar
  • 42.8k
10 votes
1 answer
586 views

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation with discrete Laplacian

In the paper "Global existence and scattering for rough solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation on $\mathbb{R}^3$" by Colliander, Keel, Staffilani, Takaoka and Tao it is argued in the beginning ...
user avatar
9 votes
2 answers
758 views

Number of critical points of smooth functions on $S^1$

Let $u$ be a smooth function on the unit circle $S^1$ such that $\int_{S^1}ux_j=0$, for $j=1,2$. Is the number of critical points of $u$ strictly bigger than 2?
A random mathematician's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
912 views

The Fourier transform of a function supported on $B_1$ is essentially constant on $B_1$?

I'm going through the last steps of Bourgain and Demeter's proof of the $l^2$ decoupling conjecture, but I'm unable to see how the first inequality in (43) goes through. I'll water down the question a ...
Fan Zheng's user avatar
  • 5,169
9 votes
1 answer
639 views

Prove J.L. Lions’s Lemma without using Fourier transform

When I read the book Linear and Nonlinear Functional Analysis with Applications, I came across J.L. Lions's Lemma (the book doesn't give a proof), which states Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$ be a ...
Zhang Yuhan's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
916 views

Inverse Fourier transform of an $L^2$ function as limit on balls

$B_m :=\{x \in \Bbb R^n : ||x|| \le m\}$ and $\mathscr{F}f$ denotes the $L^2$ fourier transform of an $f \in L^2(\Bbb R^n)$. I am trying to show that If $f \in L^2(\Bbb R^n)$ then $f(y)=\lim\limits_{...
Brozovic's user avatar
  • 201
8 votes
2 answers
3k views

$L^p$-norm of Fourier series in terms of coefficients, $p \neq 2$

It is known that the $L^2$-norm of a Fourier series equals the $l^2$-norm of the coefficients. Are there similar results in the case of $L^p$-norm for $p\neq 2$? Can it be expressed explicitly in ...
Housen's user avatar
  • 176
8 votes
2 answers
613 views

Pairs of elementary Fourier transforms in $L^2$

It is customary to teach Fourier transform on the real line by starting with functions from $L^1$, $L^2$ or the Schwartz space. It is not so easy to illustrate the theory by computing explicit pairs ...
coudy's user avatar
  • 18.7k
8 votes
1 answer
722 views

Bounding the discrete $l^p$ norm by the continuous $L^p$ norm for trigonometric polynomials

Let $ X_N = \text{span} \{\cos(2\pi lx): l=0, \cdots, N-1 \} $ with $ x \in [0, 1] $ and $ Y_N = \{v =(v_0, \cdots, v_{N-1}): v_j \in \mathbb{C}\} = \mathbb{C}^N $. Then $ X_N $ is the space of ...
Chushamm's user avatar
  • 105
8 votes
2 answers
1k views

What is the simplest oscillatory integral for which sharp bounds are unknown?

I have either heard or read that sharp asymptotics and bounds for oscillatory integrals of the form $ \int e^{i \lambda \Phi(x)} \psi(x) dx \quad \lambda \to \infty $ are unknown when the critical ...
Phil Isett's user avatar
  • 2,243
8 votes
1 answer
2k views

Fastest decay of Fourier Transform for Generalized Functions of compact support

What is the fastest decay possible for the Fourier transform of a generalized function with compact support and finite value at the origin? I know that regular functions cannot attain exponential ...
Spiros M.'s user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
496 views

A fractional weighted Poincaré inequality

Does there exists a constant $C>0$ such that $$ \int_{-1}^1 \lvert x\rvert\lvert\partial_x u\rvert^2 \,dx \geq C\, \lVert u\rVert^2_{H^{1/2}((-1,1))},$$ for all $u\in C^{\infty}_0((-1,1))$?
Ali's user avatar
  • 4,145
8 votes
1 answer
2k views

Recent progress on Bochner-Riesz conjecture

Consider the family of operators $T_\delta$, $\delta \geq 0$, defined on $\mathbb{R}^n$ by $ \widehat{T_\delta f}(\xi) = (1-|\xi|^2)_+^\delta \widehat{f}(\xi). $ ($(1-|\xi|^2)_+^\delta$ are known as ...
Vince's user avatar
  • 505
8 votes
1 answer
491 views

Functional equation with Fourier transform and $\frac{1}{x} f(\frac{1}{x}) $

What are the continuous functions $f$ such that on $\mathbb{R}^{+*}$, they satisfy following functional equation: $$\int_0^\infty f(t) e^{-itx} \, dt =\lambda \frac{1}{x} f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$$ $\...
Bertrand's user avatar
  • 1,199
8 votes
0 answers
167 views

A basis of the Banach space $L^p(\mathbb T^\omega)$ consisting of characters

Problem: For $1<p<\infty$, $p\ne 2$, has the complex Banach space $L^p(\mathbb T^\omega)$ got a Schauder basis consisting of characters of the compact topological group $\mathbb T^\omega$? (...
Lviv Scottish Book's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
751 views

The log kernel and Bochner Theorem

I was wondering if it possible to find a measure $\eta$ on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $$ L(x):=\log\frac{1}{|x|}=\int e^{itx}\;d\eta(t) $$ for every $x\in [0,1/2]$. On a structural ground, this ...
Adrien Hardy's user avatar
  • 2,135
8 votes
0 answers
349 views

Finding a dimension-free bound for a certain multiplier on Euclidean space

The following question is indirectly motivated by strong type maximal function estimates. Let $f\in L_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. For $\xi=(\xi_{1},\ldots,\xi_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ define $m(\xi)$ so ...
Steven Heilman's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
1k views

Where does the Laplace transform come from?

The Gelfand transform on the commutative Banach *-algebra $L^1(\mathbb{R})$ is just the Fourier transform. Q. What can we say concerning the Laplace transform?
ABB's user avatar
  • 4,058
7 votes
3 answers
6k views

Integral kernel for the resolvent of the laplace operator

Consider the Laplace operator defined in the biggest possible subset of $L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and let $z \in \mathbb{C}\backslash\mathbb{R}$. Therefore $z \notin \sigma (\Delta)$ the spectrum of $\Delta$...
Mike's user avatar
  • 225

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