All Questions
Tagged with pr.probability geometric-probability
164 questions
3
votes
1
answer
321
views
Is disintegration continuous?
Let $X,Y$ be Polish spaces and suppose that $X$ is compact. Denote by $\mathcal{Mes}(X,\mathcal{P}(X\times Y))$ the set of (Borel) measurable functions from $X$ to the set of Borel probability ...
- 5,405
30
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Functional-analytic proof of the existence of non-symmetric random variables with vanishing odd moments
It is known that a random variable $X$ which is symmetric about $0$ (i.e $X$ and $-X$ have the same distribution) must have all its odd moments (when they exist!) equal to zero. The converse is a ...
- 6,853
2
votes
0
answers
174
views
Random sets of points and hyperplanes in high dimensions
We are given a set $X$ of $n$ points $\mathbf{x}_1, \mathbf{x}_2, \ldots, \in\mathbb{R}^d$ selected uniformly at random from the unit origin-centered ball $\mathcal{B}^{d}$.
Consider the random ...
- 1,677
1
vote
1
answer
92
views
Geometric sampling problem in the Euclidean space in high dimensions
Let $T$ be the triangle whose vertices are three given points $\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}, \mathbf{z}\in\mathbb{R}^d$.
Question: What computationally efficient strategy can we use to sample a point $\...
- 1,677
4
votes
1
answer
243
views
Does there exist a scale invariant random packing of circles in the plane?
I want to construct a scale invariant random packing of the plane with circles.
Here is a way to construct a rotationally invariant, but not scale invariant random packing of the plane with circles:
...
- 1,054
1
vote
2
answers
197
views
Sampling method for a specific distribution in high dimensions
We are given a set $X$ of $n$ points $\mathbf{x}_1, \mathbf{x}_2, \ldots, \mathbf{x}_n\in\mathbb{R}^d$, where $d\ll n$. Given any point $\mathbf{p}$ on the unit $(d-1)$-sphere $\mathcal{S}$, we define
...
- 1,677
3
votes
1
answer
114
views
Lower-bound for $\underset{p \le \gamma_d(A) \le q}{\inf} \gamma(A^\epsilon)$, where $\gamma_d$ is the standard gaussian distribution on $\mathbb R^d$
Let $\gamma_d = \gamma_1 \otimes \ldots \otimes \gamma_1$ be the standard Gaussian distribution on $\mathbb R^d$, where $d$ is a large positive integer. Given $\epsilon \ge 0$ and a measurable $A \...
- 6,853
1
vote
1
answer
151
views
Lower-bound on Sobolev norm of function on $(d-1)$-dimensional sphere, whose sign has been fixed at $n$ points
Let $\mathbb S_{d-1} := \{x \in \mathbb R^d \mid x^\top x = 1\}$ be $(d-1)$-dimensional sphere in $\mathbb R^d$ and let $\sigma_d$ be the uniform distribution on $\mathbb S_{d-1}$. Let $x_1,\ldots,x_n$...
- 6,853
1
vote
0
answers
62
views
Existence of a bigeodesic in last passage percolation is $0$-$1$ event
On the bottom of page two of This paper, the authors remark the following:
'...by translation invariance and ergodicity, we know that existence of a bigeodesic is a $0−1$ event and hence it follows ...
- 371
0
votes
1
answer
80
views
Distribution of line segment intersections in random pointsets
let $P$ be a set of $n$ points that are uniformly distributet inside the unit square ore unit circle, and $L=\lbrace\ell_{ij}\rbrace := \lbrace \lbrace \alpha p+ (1-\alpha q)\rbrace\,|\,0\le\alpha\le ...
- 13.2k
0
votes
1
answer
133
views
Projection onto manifold of Gaussian measures by "trunction" of moments
Let $\mathcal{P}_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the set of Borel probability measures on $\mathbb{R}^n$ with finite mean and variance; in the sense that
$$
\int_{x \in \mathbb{R}^n} \|x\|^p d\mathbb{P}(x) < \...
- 5,405
1
vote
0
answers
100
views
Cartesian product of Poisson processes
Consider $n$ smooth, compactly supported functions $\phi_1,\dots, \phi_n \in C_c^\infty(\mathbf{R})$, and generate $n$ independent Poisson spatial processes $N_1,\dots,N_n$ on $\mathbf{R}$, each with ...
- 455
0
votes
1
answer
124
views
Question on limit in probability of the ratio of max to min of 2 sequences of non-ive, continuous iid random variables with support $[0, \infty).$
For each $ m \ge 1$, let $X_m$ and $Y_m$ be two non-negative iid random variables with the same distribution. (The distributions of $X_m$ may change with different $m$.)
**Assume that their support of ...
- 1,467
4
votes
1
answer
218
views
Mass distributions for high dimensional simplex and cross polytope
In this question, it is shown that the radial mass distribution of an $n$-cube (i.e. the probability density for the distance from a point selected uniformly from within an $n$-cube to the cube's ...
- 956
3
votes
0
answers
230
views
Expectation of angle between two vectors in the image of a gaussian random matrix
Let $m$ and $n$ be large positive integers (going to infinity), and let $W$ be a random matrix of size $n \times m$ with iid entries from $N(0,1/m)$. Let $x,y \in \mathbb R^m$ be deterministic vectors,...
- 6,853
1
vote
1
answer
59
views
Characterization of random variables whose tensor powers have subexponential "small-ball" probabilities
Is there a succinct characterization of all random variables $\zeta$ on $\mathbb R$ with the following properties
1. Symmetry: $\zeta \overset{d}{=} - \zeta$.
2. Small-ball probability: there exists ...
- 6,853
8
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Taking points uniformly inside a general finite geometric domain
It is well known that if we want to take $n$ uniformly and randomly points inside a circle of radius $r$ and centered at the origin the following apparently correct approach for generating $x$ and $...
- 826
7
votes
0
answers
152
views
Probability of landing inside the convex hull of previously sampled points
Let $\{X_i\}_{0\leq i\leq\infty}$ be i.i.d. random vectors in $\mathbb{R^d}$.
I would like to show that the probability of one point being in the convex hull of the others goes to one with the number ...
- 233
3
votes
1
answer
182
views
How tight is the bound $P(\|X\|^2 \ge t |\langle a,X\rangle|) \ge 1 - t\sqrt{\frac{2}{m-1}}$, where $X \sim N(0, I_m)$ and $\|a\| = 1$?
Let $X$ be a random vector in $\mathbb R^m$ with iid $N(0,1)$ coordinates and let $a$ be a fixed unit vector in $\mathbb R^m$. In another post (SE link here https://math.stackexchange.com/a/3792730/...
- 6,853
5
votes
1
answer
313
views
What is the probability that a random chord in a sphere touches opposite hemispheres?
(edited) Consider the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2\subset \mathbb{R}^3$, and its upper $(z>0)$ and lower $(z<0)$ hemispheres.
Draw two independent, uniformly distributed points $X,Y$ on $\mathbb{S}^...
- 223
1
vote
0
answers
83
views
Given a large random matrix, how to prove that every large submatrix whose range contains a large ball?
Context. Studing a problem in machine-learning, I'm led to consider the following problem in RMT...
Definition. Given positive integers $m$ and $n$ and positive real numbers $c_1$ and $c_2$, let's ...
- 6,853
0
votes
0
answers
321
views
Projecting a vector onto a random subspace
Let $A\in\mathbb{R}^{k\times d}$ be matrix with i.i.d. $\mathcal{N}(0,1/k)$ entries with $k<d$, and let $B=A^{\top}A$. I would like to compute the distribution of $Bx$ where $x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}$ is ...
- 129
2
votes
0
answers
68
views
Approximate any point of the interval $[-1/2,1/2]$ by the sum of $n$ iid uniform random variables from $[-1,1]$
Let $x \in [-1/2,1/2]$ and $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be drawn iid from the uniform distribution on $[-1,1]$.
Question. Given $\varepsilon \ge 0$ an integer $k \in [1,n]$, what is a good lower-bound on the ...
- 6,853
30
votes
8
answers
3k
views
A variation of the law of large numbers for random points in a square
I uniformly mark $n^2$ points in $[0,1]^2$. Then I want to draw $cn$ vertical lines and $cn$ horizontal lines such that in each small rectangle there is at most one marked point. Surely, for a given ...
- 5,063
3
votes
0
answers
132
views
Probability that a Voronoi cell contains exactly k random points
Consider two independent point processes in the unit square $[0,1]^2$. The two point processes are identically independent and typically binomial/Poisson. One, say $\Phi^*$, is used to generate a ...
- 137
12
votes
6
answers
3k
views
Marginal density of uniform spherical distribution
Suppose that $X$ is distributed uniformly in the scaled $n$-sphere $\sqrt{n} \mathbf{S}^{n-1} \subset \mathbf{R}^n$. Then apparently the distribution of $(X_1, \dots, X_k)$, the first $k < n$ ...
- 420
1
vote
0
answers
64
views
Dependence rank: what is the size of the largest subcollection of random variables which is statistically independent?
Let $X_1,\ldots,X_p$ be random variables on the same space. Define their dependence rank, denoted $rank(X_1,\ldots,X_p)$ as the largest nonnegative integer $k$ such that there is a subcollection of $k$...
- 6,853
5
votes
1
answer
698
views
Lower bound for mutual inner products of N random unit vectors in $\mathbb{R}^n$, N > n
I have $N$ independent random unit vectors $\{v_i\}$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, where N > n. I need a concentration inequality of the form
$$\text{P}(|v_i \cdot v_j| > \epsilon \,\,\,\, \forall i, j = 1, \...
- 337
6
votes
1
answer
264
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Which orthant probabilities are the largest? (For a multivariate normal distribution)
I have a $k$-dimensional multivariate normal distribution $X∼N(0,\Sigma)$ with covariance matrix $\Sigma$. $\Sigma$ has two distinct eigenvalues, say $\lambda_1 > \lambda_2$, with orthogonal ...
0
votes
1
answer
140
views
Tail bounds for the absolute difference of a coupled pair of sub-Gaussian random variables
Let $P$ and $Q$ are sub-Gaussian distributions on $\mathbb R$, and $(X,X')$ be a coupling of $P$ and $Q$, i.e $(X,X') \sim \pi$ for some distribution on $\mathbb R^2$ with marginals $P$ and $Q$.
...
- 6,853
-1
votes
1
answer
96
views
On bounding a certain discrepancy between probability distributions on the symmetric group
Disclaimer. This is a follow up to a question I asked and answered on SE https://math.stackexchange.com/q/3579311/168758. The question was about upper-bounds. Here I'm interested in lower bounds, and ...
- 6,853
2
votes
1
answer
149
views
Volume computation using probabilistic approach
Let $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}=\{v\in\mathbb{R}^d:\|v\|_2=1\}$, namely $d-$dimensional sphere. It is well-known that if a random vector $X$ is distributed uniformly on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$, then there exists i.i....
- 1,096
6
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Definition of random measures
Introducing the notion of a random measure, textbooks usually start with a locally compact second countable Hausdorff space. Where does this requirement come from?
I would like to have a motivation ...
- 123
1
vote
0
answers
334
views
Strong data-processing inequality ? Upper bound on a certain modified total-variation metric
Let $\mathcal X=(\mathcal X,d)$ be a Polish space equipped with the Borel sigma-algebra. Let $p\ge 1$ and $P_1,P_2$ be probability distributions on $\mathcal X$ such that $\max_{k=1,2}\int d(x,x_0)^...
- 6,853
0
votes
1
answer
115
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Compute lower bound on $\min_{E} \mathcal N(0,\sigma^2 I_n)(E)$ subject to $vol(E \cap H_n(r)) / vol(H_n(r)) \ge p$ where $H_n(r)$ is $n$-hemisphere
Let $n \ge 2$ be an integer, which may be assumed to be very large. For $r > 0$, consider the hemi-sphere $H_n(r) := S_n(r) \cap (\mathbb R^+ \times \mathbb R^{n-1})$, where
$$
S_n(r):= \{x \in \...
- 6,853
3
votes
0
answers
253
views
Metric ($f$-divergence) on space of probability measures that satisfies pythagorean theorem
Let $E$ be a polish space, $\mathcal{P}(E)$ the Borel probability measures on $E$ with the topology of weak convergence and $\mathcal{Q} \subset \mathcal{P}(E)$ a convex and compact set.
First, the ...
- 1,095
3
votes
1
answer
473
views
On 4 random points in a rectangle [closed]
Given a bounded rectangular area, I generate 4 random points. What is the probability that the fourth point lie within a triangle formed the first 3?
How would I attack this problem? The goal is to ...
- 133
5
votes
1
answer
549
views
Show that the Markov chain of random tiling is irreducible
Consider a Markov chain on a state-space which is slightly weird: It is the space of all tilings of a hexagon as shown in the left-hand side of the figure below with three types of rhombi: yellow, ...
user102900
1
vote
1
answer
242
views
Barycenter Map on Wasserstein Space
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete separable metric space, $P_1(X,d)$ be the set of Radon probability measures on $X$ satisfying
$$
P_1(X,d)\triangleq \left\{
\nu:\,(\exists x_0\in X)\, \int_{x\in X} d(x,x_0)d\...
- 5,405
5
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Normal multivariate orthant probabilities
(Previously I posted a similar question on math.SE, hoping that this question would have an easy answer. As the question appears hard, I am hoping I can perhaps get more feedback here.)
Let $\mathbf{...
- 733
3
votes
1
answer
189
views
Isoperimetry on $[0, 1]^n$ w.r.t $\ell_p$ distance, with $p \in [1,\infty]$
Let $A$ be a measurable subset of the metric space $\mathcal X = ([0, 1]^n,\ell_p)$ with $1 \le p \le \infty$, and define its $\varepsilon$-blowup by $A^\varepsilon:=\{x \in \mathcal X \mid \|x-a\|_p \...
- 6,853
2
votes
0
answers
57
views
Given a set of marginals, what is the largest support of a distribution satisfying these?
Given a random variable $X$ with support over $\{0,1\}^I$, we can define the marginal distribution on the bits indexed by $A \subseteq I$ by $Pr(X_A = x_A) = \sum_{x \in \{0,1\}^{I - A}} Pr(X = x \cup ...
3
votes
2
answers
442
views
What happens to the Gaussian volume of a Borel set when it is translated?
Let $\gamma_n$ be the standard Gaussian measure on $\mathbb R^n$, $A \subseteq \mathbb R^n$ be Borel and $c \in \mathbb R^n$. Define the translate $A_c := c + A := \{c+a \mid a \in A\} = \{x \in \...
- 6,853
2
votes
1
answer
187
views
Unconditional lower bound for volume of blowup $\mu(B^\epsilon)$ for $\mu(B) \in (0, 1)$ and $\epsilon > 0$ not "too large"
For a Borel subset $B$ of a metric space $X = (X,d)$ and $\epsilon>0$, recall the defintion of the $\epsilon$-blowup of $B$, namely $B^\epsilon = \{x \in X | d(x,B) \le \epsilon\}$. Let $\mu$ be a ...
- 6,853
10
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Mean maximum distance for N random points on a unit square
Following up on Mean minimum distance for N random points on a one-dimensional line and Mean minimum distance for N random points on a unit square (plane), I have the following questions.
Given N ...
- 193
5
votes
3
answers
5k
views
Distribution of the individual coordinates of a uniform random vector on a high-dimensional sphere
Let $X=(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ be a random vector uniformly distributed on the $n$-dimensional sphere of radius $R > 0$. Intuitively, i think that for large $p$ every coordinate $X_i$ is normally ...
- 6,853
1
vote
1
answer
95
views
gaussian isoperimetric result for minimal measure under translation
Consider two spherical Gaussian distributions in $\mathbb{R}^n$, $A = \mathcal{N}(x, I)$ and $B=\mathcal{N}(y, I)$ where the difference in means is $\delta = y - x$.
Let $S \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a ...
- 133
0
votes
1
answer
254
views
Does log-concave approximable distribution satisfy transportation-cost inequality?
Definition: Recall that a distribution $\mu$ on $\mathbb R^d$ is said to be log-convave with constant $c > 0$, if density $d\nu \propto e^{-V}dvol$ satisfying the curvature condition
$$
\...
- 6,853
5
votes
1
answer
928
views
Hausdorff distance is a lower (or upper bound) for what probability metric?
In a metric space $X=(X, d)$, given a probability measure $\mu$ and two subsets $A$ and $B$ of positive measure, it's not hard to prove that
$$
d(A, B) \le W(\mu|_A, \mu|_B),
$$
where
$d(A, B):= \...
- 6,853
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
What is the nearest-neighbor distribution in this picture?
Consider the following process: sample $n$ points uniformly at random in the unit square, and for each point $i$, let $d_i$ be the distance from $i$ to its nearest neighbor. Finally, let $z_i = d_i\...
- 4,049