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Questions tagged [perfect-matchings]

A perfect matching is a matching of all the vertices of a graph. In other words, a perfect matching is a set of edges such that each vertex of the graph is incident to exactly one edge in the set.

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Counting matchings and perfect matchings

A matching in a graph is a subset of the edges such that no two edges share a vertex. A perfect matching is a matching where every vertex is part of exactly one edge in the matching. Counting the ...
Per Alexandersson's user avatar
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Finding a bipartite graph that contains a specific elements of perfect matchings

I am a physicist who is interested in the applications of graph theory. I've been studying the bipartite graphs and perfect matching finding problems. I see there are several research works on ...
Beom.Jean's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
368 views

An "incomplete" tiling?

Given an $m\times n$ chess board, we place $p$ $2\times 1$ dominoes on the board so that they don't overlap. How many ways can we place them? When each square of the board is covered by a domino this ...
Jiyuan Zhang's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
71 views

Bounds for smallest non-trivial designs

Given $s>t\ge 2$, let $N(s,t)$ be the smallest integer $n>s$ such that there exists an “$(n;s;t;1)$-design” (i.e., a collection of $s$-subsets $e_1,\dots,e_m$ of $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, such that ...
Zach Hunter's user avatar
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0 votes
1 answer
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Edge-length constraints from greedy matching

The subject of this question are perfect matchings of a complete undirected graph $G(V,E), n:=\mathrm{card}(V)=2k$, without self-loops or parallel edges and $n=2k$ vertices. The objective is to ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
85 views

Hopcroft–Karp Algorithm for a dynamic graph

As so you all know, we have Hopcroft–Karp Algorithm for maximum matching between two sides in a bipartite graph. It runs in $O(\sqrt{V} \times E)$ where $V$ is the vertex set and $E$ is the edges set. ...
linuxbeginner's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
29 views

Finding optimal cycle covers with vertex cardinality constraints

Let $G(V,E)$ be an asymmetric graph of order $n$ without parallel edges or self loops. Let further $\lbrace\nu_i\in\mathbb{R}\rbrace$ be a set of weights assigned to the vertices and $\lbrace\omega_{...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
112 views

Curious identity involving the number of perfect matchings of the complete graph

Can you prove (preferably combinatorially) the following identity for the total number of perfect matchings of the complete graph $K_{2n}$, where the edges in the matching are ordered, i.e., $\binom{...
sdd's user avatar
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0 answers
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Bound on the number of maximum matchings in a graph

It is known that the number of perfect matchings in a graph is bounded above by the integer part of the square root of the permanent of its adjacency matrix. But, suppose I take the square root of the ...
vidyarthi's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
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Symmetry of optimal solutions to symmetric assignment problems

Is there a sound proof of or a counter example to the following conjecture: if $\boldsymbol{A}^T=\boldsymbol{A}$ is the cost-matrix of a bipartite assignment problem with unique optimal assignment, ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
219 views

Connecting $2n$ points in $\mathbb R^2$ with line segments s.t. each point belongs to exactly one line segment

I'm trying to do a certain simulation related to the toric code and I'm looking for an algorithm that connects $2n$ points ($n \in \mathbb Z_+$) in $\mathbb R^2$ with line segments with the following ...
Sanchayan Dutta's user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
174 views

Upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in $K_{3,3}$-free graphs

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph with an even number of vertices $|V|=2n$. Assume that $G$ is $K_{3,3}$-free i.e. it does not contain a graph isomorphic to biclique $K_{3,3}$. A perfect matching of $G$ is a ...
Michał Oszmaniec's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
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On perfect matchings on planar graphs - is there a linear time deterministic algorithm?

The slides here provide a way to get a pfaffian orientation from Minimum Spanning Tree. MST can be found in linear time if graph is planar and weights are $1$ and the slides give a linear time ...
Turbo's user avatar
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1 vote
2 answers
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What's the name of the graph operation of connecting two copies of a graph with a perfect matching?

Let $G=(V_1,E_1)$ be a simple graph with vertex set $\{v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_n\}$ and let $G'=(V_2,E_2)$ be another copy of $G$ with vertex set $\{u_1,u_2,\ldots,u_n\}$. Assume $V_1\cap V_2= \emptyset$. ...
W. Paul Liu's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
325 views

The perfect matching problem of planar graph

We know that connectivity is closely related to the Hamiltonian of planar graphs. The most famous result is the Tutte theorem. Theorem (Tutte, 1956). A 4-connected planar graph has a Hamiltonian ...
L.C. Zhang's user avatar
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2 votes
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Sum of number of perfect matchings and a constant constuction

Suppose we have two bipartite graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ with perfect matching count $P_1$ and $P_2$ respectively then their disjoint union gives a bipartite graph with perfect matching $P_1P_2$. Is ...
Turbo's user avatar
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7 votes
2 answers
300 views

Disjoint perfect matchings in complete bipartite graph

Let $K_{n,n}$ be a complete bipartite graph with two parts $\{u_1,u_2,\ldots,u_n\}$ and $\{v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_n\}$, and let $K^-_{n,n}$ be the graph derived from $K_{n,n}$ by delete a perfect matching $\...
Xin Zhang's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
273 views

Generalization of Marshall Hall's Theorem to non-simple bipartite graphs

Lemma 8.6.5 of the book "Matching Theory" by Lovász and Plummer states the following lemma: Lemma: Let $G$ be a simple bipartite graph with bipartition $(A,B)$, and assume that each point ...
Sanket Biswas's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
324 views

Berge-Fulkerson conjecture --- the planar case

A well-known conjecture of Berge and Fulkerson says that every bridgeless cubic graph has a collection of six perfect matchings that together cover every edge exactly twice. Is this still open for ...
Xin Zhang's user avatar
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8 votes
0 answers
240 views

Sum of perfect matching construction

Suppose we have two bipartite graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ with perfect matching count $P_1$ and $P_2$ respectively then their disjoint union gives a bipartite graph with perfect matching $P_1P_2$. Is ...
Turbo's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
104 views

Succinct polynomial sized representation of balanced bipartite graphs whose perfect matching count is a primorial

Is there a $P$ time definable sequence of succinct polynomial sized representation of balanced bipartite graphs whose number of perfect matchings is a primorial? For factorial a complete bipartite ...
Turbo's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
447 views

Bipartite graph with exactly one perfect matching

$\textbf{Problem:}$ Find all bipartite graphs $G[X,Y]$ satisfying the following properties: $1.$ $|X|=|Y|$, where $|X|\ge 2$ and $|Y|\ge 2$. $2.$ All vertices have degree three except for two vertices ...
Sanket Biswas's user avatar
9 votes
0 answers
579 views

A rainbow perfect matching in an edge-colored graph with spanning color classes

This question is a sequel of my last question and is eventually motivated by recent advances in quantum physics. Given an even number $n\ge 6$ and a positive integer $k<n$, Claim from the linked ...
Alex Ravsky's user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
369 views

A special perfect matching in a complete edge-colored graph

In 2018 Mario Krenn posed this question, originated from recent advances in quantum physics. Despite very intensive Krenn’s promotion and our efforts, the question is answered only in special cases. ...
Alex Ravsky's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
230 views

At most one perfect matching of a bipartite graph

I. Given biadjacency matrix $A$ of a bipartite graph on $2n$ vertices having $n$ vertices of either color on the constraints the graph either has $0$ perfect matchings $1$ perfect matchings is it ...
User2021's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
69 views

Why is Schröder numbers equivalent to the number of perfect matchings for triangular grid of n squares and how the graph look like? [duplicate]

In the OEIS entry for the Schröder numbers is A006318. There is a comment which related the sequence to perfect matchings: The number of perfect matchings in a triangular grid of n squares (n = 1, 4, ...
Xuemei's user avatar
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4 votes
0 answers
182 views

Dyadic distribution of $0/1$ permanents

Fix reals $a,b\in(1,2)$ satisfying $1<b<a<ab<2$. What fraction of $0/1$ matrices of dimensions $n\times n$ have permanents in $[b2^m,a2^m]$ at some $m\in\{0,1,2,\dots,\lfloor\log_2n!\...
Turbo's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
62 views

Computing bipartite matching of size $k$?

Given a bipartite graph with $n$ vertices on each side and an integer $k$, how can we compute all bipartite matchings of size $k$? The problem of computing all perfect matchings is #P-complete. But I ...
NeoN's user avatar
  • 241
0 votes
1 answer
121 views

Minimum-weight disjoint union of perfect matchings

Is there a counter example or proof for the claim that the lightest edge-disjoint union of a pair of perfect matchings contains the edges of the lightest perfect matching in a finite complete graph ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
434 views

Smallest $3$-regular graph with a unique perfect matching

What is the smallest 3-regular graph to have a unique perfect matching? With a large enough number of nodes, it is possible for a 3-regular graph to have no perfect matching (example can be seen in ...
PickupSticks's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
89 views

Number of extremal $\{0,1\}$ matrices having permanent $1$ property

Is there a function which describes the number of $\{0,1\}^{n\times n}\cap\mathbb Z^{n\times n}$ matrices having permanent $1$? I think it might be $\mathsf{poly}(n!)$ bounded. Is there a function ...
Turbo's user avatar
  • 13.2k
3 votes
1 answer
52 views

Determining a specific perfect matching $M$ by repeatedly asking for $|M \cap M_i|$ for other perfect matchings $M_i$

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a complete bipartite graph with $2n$ vertices and $M \subset E$ some unknown perfect matching of $G$. The goal is to determine $M$ by repeatedly choosing some perfect matching $M_i \...
Dario's user avatar
  • 149
1 vote
1 answer
225 views

Unique bipartite perfect matchings and cycles?

Given a graph $G$ which is bipartite and balanced and has unique perfect matching let $G^{e}$ be $G$ without edge $e$. Let $G\cup G_{\pi,\pi'}$ be union of $G$ and $G_{\pi,\pi'}$ where $G_{\pi,\pi'}$ ...
Turbo's user avatar
  • 13.2k
0 votes
0 answers
32 views

Spanning subgraphs defined via $K_4$ matchings

I have by accident found an interesting kind of spanner of complete symmetric graphs $G(V,E)$ with weighted edges. What I actually had planned was to implement an algorithm for calculating certain non-...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
42 views

Density of perfect matching count in $k$-partite graphs?

Let $f(G)$ give number of perfect matchings of a graph $G$. Denote $\mathcal N_{n}=\{0,1,2,\dots,n!-1,n!\}$. Denote collection of all $kn$ vertex balanced $k$-partite graph (each color is on $n$ ...
Turbo's user avatar
  • 13.2k
1 vote
0 answers
89 views

Is there a bipartite graph whose determinant corresponds to number of perfect matchings?

Let $M\in\{0,1\}^{n\times n}$ be a square integer matrix. If we consider $M$ as biadjacency of a balanced bipartite graph on $2n$ vertices having $n$ vertices of color $1$ and $n$ vertices of color $2$...
Turbo's user avatar
  • 13.2k
2 votes
1 answer
108 views

Mod $2$ information on perfect matchings in general graphs

Determinant modulo $2$ of biadjacency matrix of bipartite graphs provide mod $2$ information on number of perfect matchings on bipartite graphs providing polynomial complexity in bipartite situations. ...
Turbo's user avatar
  • 13.2k
3 votes
1 answer
208 views

Perfect matchings in infinite regular bipartite graphs

This question was motivated by a discussion here and is related to a previous question here. Let $\kappa$ and $\lambda$ be cardinals such that $0<\lambda\leq \kappa$. Let $G=(A\cup B, E)$ be a ...
Louis D's user avatar
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3 votes
0 answers
84 views

Infection on a complete graph

Suppose we have a complete graph on $2n$ vertices with one "infected" vertex. At each time step, we form a matching of the vertices. Then the vertices paired with infected vertices will also ...
PoissonSummation's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
62 views

$1$-factorizability for linear hypergraphs with infinite edges on $\omega$

Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph. We say that $M\subseteq E$ is a matching if the members of $M$ are pairwise disjoint, and $M$ is said to be perfect if $\bigcup M = E$. Moreover, $H$ is $1$-factorizable ...
Dominic van der Zypen's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
51 views

$1$-factorizability for "complete" finite hypergraphs

Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph such that $V\neq \varnothing$ and $\varnothing \notin E$. A matching is a subset $M\subseteq E$ such that $m_1\neq m_2 \in M$ implies $m_1\cap m_2 = \varnothing$, and $M$ ...
Dominic van der Zypen's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
105 views

Weak $1$-factorizability

A simple, undirected graph is said to be $1$-factorizable if there is a partition of the edge set $E$ such that every member of the partition is a perfect matching of $G$. Let us call $G$ weakly $1$-...
Dominic van der Zypen's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
80 views

Are countable graphs with infinite minimal degree $1$-factorizable? [duplicate]

We say that a simple, undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ is $1$-factorizable if there is a partition of $E$ such that every member of the partition is a perfect matching of $G$. It is easy to see that any $1$-...
Dominic van der Zypen's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
185 views

Is it possible to improve the weight of perfect bipartite matchings faster than with Bellman-Ford?

If $G\left(A\cup B,\ E=\lbrace\lbrace a, b\rbrace\,|\, a\in A,\, b\in B\rbrace\right)$ is a weighted bipartite graph and $M_0$ an initial perfect matching, then the optimality of $M_0$ can be verified ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
104 views

Finding minimum weight perfect matchings in sparse bipartite graphs

Question: What can be recommended for finding optimal perfect matchings in large bipartite graphs with small vertex degree if the edge-weights are positive real values? I am looking for ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
55 views

How to prove polynomial inequality encoded from 1-factors in $K_{2n}$

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a complete graph $K_{2n}$ and it has $m$ 1-factors $f_{i,(i=1,\dots,m)}$, where $m=\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}$. Some definition: $F=\{f_{1},f_{2},...,f_{2n-1}\}$ is one 1-factorization in $...
Xuemei's user avatar
  • 141
-1 votes
1 answer
105 views

What is known about iterated matching as a TSP heuristic

A fairly wellknown heuristic for TSP that is based on matching is described in the 2003 paper Match twice and stitch: a new TSP tour construction heuristic by Andrew B. Kahng and Sherief Reda. Its ...
Manfred Weis's user avatar
5 votes
3 answers
390 views

Can local flip moves connect dimer matchings on 'quadrangulated' planar bipartite graphs? (perfect matching reconfiguration problem)

I'm interested in the structure of dimer matchings on planar graphs with a bipartite structure. In particular, I'm interested in whether any two perfect matchings can be connected, i.e. transformed ...
Joe's user avatar
  • 585
5 votes
0 answers
92 views

Hypergraphs with only disjoint perfect matchings

Let $H(n,r)$ be the set of $r$-uniform hypergraph with $n$ vertices that have only disjoint perfect matchings (i.e. every hyperedge only appears in at most one of the perfect matchings). Let $m(h(n,r))...
Mario Krenn's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
273 views

Extending perfect matchings into Hamiltonian cycles

Let $G$ be a simple cubic graph which has a Hamiltonian circuit $C$. In general, it is not possible to find a second Hamiltonian circuit which contains all the chords of $C$. For example, the Wagner ...
EGME's user avatar
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